Solution Manual for Fundamentals of Modern Manufacturing: Materials, Processes, and Systems, 5th Edition

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Solutions forFundamentals of Modern Manufacturing, 5e1-11INTRODUCTIONReview Questions1.1About what percentage of the U.S. gross domestic product (GDP) is accounted for by themanufacturing industries?Answer. Although the percentage has varied over the years, currentlythe manufacturing industriesaccount for around 12% of U.S. GDP.1.2Define manufacturing.Answer.Thetextdefinesmanufacturingintwoways:technologicallyandeconomically.Technologically,manufacturingis the application of physical and chemical processes to alter thegeometry, properties, and/or appearance of a given starting material to make parts or products;manufacturingalsoincludesassemblyofmultiplepartstomakeproducts.Economically,manufacturingis the transformation of materials into items of greater value by means of one ormore processing and/or assembly operations. The key point is that manufacturingadds valueto thematerial by changing its shape or properties, or by combining it with other materials.1.3What are the differences between primary, secondary, and tertiary industries? Give an example ofeach category.Answer. A primary industry is one that cultivates and exploits natural resources, such asagriculture or mining. A secondary industry takes the outputs of primary industries and convertsthem to consumer and capital goods. Examples of secondary industries are textiles and electronics.A tertiary industry is in the service sector of the economy. Examples of tertiary industries arebanking and education.1.4What is the difference between a consumer good and a capital good? Give some examples in eachcategory.Answer.Consumer goods are products purchased directly by consumers, such as cars, personalcomputers, TVs, tires, and tennis rackets. Capital goods arethose purchased by companies toproduce goods and/or provide services. Examples of capital goods include aircraft, computers,communication equipment, medical apparatus, trucks and buses, railroad locomotives, machinetools, and construction equipment.1.5What is the difference between soft product variety and hard product variety, as these terms aredefined in the text?Answer.Soft product variety is when there are only small differences among products, such as thedifferences among car models made on the same production line. In an assembled product, softvariety is characterized by a high proportion of common parts among the models. Hard productvariety is whenthe products differ substantially, and there are few common parts, if any. Thedifference between a car and a truck exemplifies hard variety.1.6How are product variety and production quantity related when comparing typical factories?Answer. Generally production quantity is inversely related to product variety. A factory thatproduces a large variety of products will produce a smaller quantity of each. A company thatproduces a single product will produce a large quantity.1.7One of the dimensions of manufacturing capability is technological processing capability. Definetechnological processing capability.

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