Solution Manual for Pearson Editing Exercises, The, 2nd Edition

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1Answer Keyto accompanyThe Pearson Editing ExercisesSecond EditionAnna IngallsSouthwestern College, EmeritusDan MoodySouthwestern College

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31B: Distinguishing Between the Simple and the Complete Subject,page 2(Simple subjects are shown bolded and italicized.)Mostcollegesin the United Statesoffer some sort of academic assistance, such astutorial services and writing centers.Theseservicesare often free.Atutoris someonewho has already passed the class thatthestudentneeds help with, usually with a highgrade. Also,tutorsoften are required to complete several hours of training in how totutor others effectively.A secondtypeof academic assistanceis known as a writingcenter. At most writing centers,studentscan schedule appointments, ortheycan dropin without an appointment.Some writingcenterswill even help students with theirpapers by e-mail.Online writinglabs, or OWLs,sponsored by various colleges anduniversities, can also provide valuable assistance with writing assignments. In addition,manycollegesoffer drop-in help with math, reading, biology, and other key subjects.The importantthingto rememberfor all of these types of assistance is to arrive on timewith a copy of your work, or at least a description of your assignment.Youshould havespecific questions ready, and ask the tutor to help you learn from your mistakes.1C: Recognizing Subjects and Verbs, page 3(Simple subjects are shown bolded and italicized.)My first realjob,at age 16,wasas a stock clerk at the nearby TG&Y variety store.Ihad never workedin a business before, sothe store manager’sgoalwasto bring meup to speed on the “rules” of the retail world.The firstrulewasto arrive slightly earlyevery day so that we could start right on time.The secondruleof the storewasnot to sitdown while counting stock or dusting shelves.Rulesthree and fourprohibitedgossipabout the other employees and customers.The fifthrulewasto volunteer for anotherjob as soon asonejobwas finished. In addition to these five rules of retail work,themanagerincludedmany other valuable skills in my training.Stockrotationandcustomerassistancemight not have beenthe most exciting skills to learn; however,everythingabout my experience at the TG&Ywould helpme in my later jobs.1D: Recognizing Subjects and Verbs, page 4(Simple subjects are shown bolded and italicized.)Astackof logs burning in a fireplacecertainlygivesa warm and cozy feeling,butthatfireplacecouldactuallybe coolingyour house andcostingyou hundreds ofdollars a year in heating costs.Thereasonfor thisisthatan openfireplacedrawswarm,heated air from the room, and thencoldairleaksin around doors, windows, pipes, andwires. However, ifyouarenot willing to give up the idea of a cozy evening in front of ablazing fire, thereareseveralstepsyoucan taketo improve the heating efficiency of

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4your fireplace.Onesolutionisto install glass doors to reducehow much warmairispulledup the chimney.Anotherpossibilityisto use an outdoor air supply,whichcompletelyeliminatesthe loss of warm house air.The thirdideaisto use a fireplaceheater to recirculate the hot air, andthe fourthoptionwould beto install a fireback, ametal sheetthatabsorbsheat andradiatesit into the room. Finally,somepeopledecideto install a wood stovethatfitsinto the fireplace andradiateseven more heat into theroom.Eachof these optionswill keepyou warmer anduseless firewood, andyouwillenjoyyour fireplace more than ever.2A: Correcting Phrase Fragments and Subordinate Clause Fragments,page 5Many colleges offer personal development classes, which often includesomething called assertiveness training. Unfortunately, the term “assertive” is oftenmisunderstood. Some people think that being assertive means the same thingas beingaggressive. However, assertiveness and aggressiveness are actually very different. Aperson who is aggressive tends to be argumentativeand forceful. An aggressive personoften intimidates or offends people,trying to force his or her opinions on others.On theother hand, when you are assertive, you stand up for your rights in a non-threateningmanner. To be assertive, you should clearly statewhat you want. It is important tospeak up for yourselfand not let other people bully you into going along with theirideas. For example, do not agree to drive a friend to work every dayor keep his petrabbits for a monthunless you really want to do these things.By learning to assertyourself without becoming aggressive, you will feel better about yourself. In addition,you will gain the respect of others.2B: Correcting Fragments, page 6What does it meanto be an average American? Many people don’t like the ideaof being averagebecause they think “average” is a negative word.They associate“average” with getting C’s in school instead of A’s and B’s.However, “average” as astatistical term just meansthat you match up with most people. For instance, theaverage American stays indoors most of the time,spending only 5% of the dayoutdoors. If you spend the majority of your time indoors, you are doing what theaverage American does. The average American still lives in the state where he or shewas born,spends about 2 1/2 hours online per day,anddrivesa car that is eight yearsold. In the last forty or fifty years, the lifestyle of the average American has changed.Forty or fifty years ago, almost all families had only one wage earner, and motherstypically stayed home. The typical family no longer has a mother who does not workoutside the homeand a father who is responsible for bringing home all of the income.Another changeis thatmost American householdshavemore televisions than people.

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52C: Correcting Fragments, page 7The average American’s lifestyle today is a very busy one. How do busy parentsstill find time to spend with their children? How do busy college students manage towork full-time or part-timeand still get good grades in their classes? One solution ismultitasking,or doing more than one thing at a time. We may make business calls andschedule appointments using our cell phoneswhile we are watching a sports event orwaiting for a movie to start. We often hear people making personal callswhile they areshoppingor waiting in line at the supermarket.Perhapsdoingyou doyour homeworkwhile watching television or listening to music.If you listen to audio books while youare driving, you may be able to complete some of your assignmentsduring yourcommute. You may sometimes meet with friends for lunch,and a study session at thesame time.Although multitasking can help us accomplish more things in less time, weneed to be careful. If we try to do too much, we may become easily distracted andunable to focus on a single important task.3A: Combining Simple Sentences to Create Complex Sentences, page 8(Answers may vary.)Althoughdogs are said to be man’s best friend, cats are actually the most popularpets in the United States. Cats were originally valued for their pest control skillsbecausethey caught mice and rats in grain storage areas. People could store their surplus cropsmore securelywhenthey didn’t have to worry about rodents and other pests gettinginto the storage bins. In ancient Egypt, cats were revered. In fact, the Egyptian goddessof love,whosename was Bastet, had the head of a cat. Killing a cat in ancient Egyptwas a crimethatwas punishable by death. Ancient Romans also had high regard forcats,whichwere considered a symbol of liberty. During the Middle Ages in Europe,however, cats came to be associated with evil. Many cats were killedbecausethey werethought to be representatives of witches and the devil. Unfortunately, there were fewcats left to hunt and kill rats,whichcould spread the plague throughout Europe.Althoughsome people are still superstitious about cats, more than one third of allhouseholds in this country have at least one domesticated cat.3B: Combining Simple Sentences to Create Compound Sentences,page 9(Answers may vary.)The state of Washington has a landscape that is full of contrasts.To the west,Washington is bordered by the Pacific Ocean,andthere are many large islands,waterways, and rivers. This area is famous for salmon and trout fishing. Near the coast,annual rainfall is as much as 180 inches in some places,sothere are thick, lush

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6evergreen rain forests,yetthe middle of the state consists of a high mountain range.These mountains have many snow-covered peaks;in fact,several peaks rise to morethan 9,000 feet. Many people come to Washington to ski every year; furthermore,hikers,rock climbers, and mountain bikers enjoy the many recreational opportunities in thesemountains. There are quite a few inactive volcanoes in this range;however,onevolcano, Mount St. Helens, erupted in 1980. The western part of the state is very wet,buteast of the Cascade Mountains, there are dry, treeless plains. This area is veryproductive;irrigation turns the dry land into rich farmland.3C: Using Coordination and Subordination, page 10(Answers may vary.)Some celebrities use their power and influence to help people around the worldwhosuffer from poverty, disease, or violence,andmay lack opportunities foreducation. Near Johannesburg, South Africa, Oprah Winfrey established The OprahWinfrey Leadership Academy for Girls,whichhelps young women in grades 7-12achieve their full potential through education. It will make a real difference in the futurefor South African women. Actor George Clooney,whomade his first trip to Darfur in2006, has become a spokesperson for raising awareness about the suffering of people inDarfur; furthermore,he has become an advocate for taking action against the genocidethere. Another actor, Michael J. Fox, was diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease in 1991,whenhe was only 30 years old. He has become a leading activist in the fight to find acure for Parkinson’s. He speaks publicly on behalf of otherswhocannot speak forthemselves. They might be cured by stem-cell treatments.4A: Recognizing Comma Splices and Run-ons, page 11*During the last few years, more and more people have come to rely oncomputers / the number of Internet users is increasing every day. By 2007, there weremore than 237 million Internet users in North America. *Some people use the Internetfor business or educational purposes,/ others use it mainly for entertainment.Entertainment possibilities include meeting people in chat rooms, playing games online,and downloading pictures of your favorite sports figures or movie stars. *Anotherpossibility is cyber-dating,/ keep in mind, however, that meeting a “cyber-date” in reallife could be dangerous. People you meet online may not always tell the truth aboutthemselves. *For example, someone who claims to be twenty-five may actually turn outto be fifteen or forty-five / unethical individuals may also lie about other things, such astheir job, their physical appearance, or their marital status. Although you may be luckyenough to get acquainted online with people who become lifelong friends, it isimportant to be cautious.

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74B: Correcting Comma Splices and Run-ons, page 12(Answers may vary. Sample answers are given.)*A cute, friendly gecko tries to persuade us to buy a certain brand of insurance,buta quacking duck encourages us to choose a different company. *Talking sheep havean opinion about which mattress will help us sleep soundly,whilehappy cows want usto believe that California cheese is the best. *Television commercials use any techniquesthey can to capture viewers’ attentionbecausetheir goal is to persuade consumers tobuy their products. Celebrities endorse a variety of items, from sports drinks tomedicines to credit cards. *Many commercials appeal to younger viewers,whoare theprime target of a large number of advertisers. *Enthusiastic singers and dancers try topersuade young people to buy clothes at certain stores;if they wear these clothes theywill be part of the popular “in crowd.” *Although teenagers don’t have unlimitedfunds, they have a great deal of influence on household spending,andadvertisers hopethey will form lifetime shopping habits. The same brands that they buy and use asteenagers are likely to remain their favorite brands ten or twenty years from now.4C: Correcting Comma Splices and Run-ons, page 13(Answers may vary. Sample answers are given.)*The Amazon River in South America is the second longest river in the world.Theonly river that is longer is the Nile in Africa. *However, the Amazon carries agreater volume of water than any other river,andit has more tributaries, or smallerrivers that feed into it. *The Amazon begins at Lake Lauricocha in the Andes Mountainsof Peru; thenseveral other rivers join it to become part of the Amazon as it flowseastward, finally emptying into the Atlantic Ocean. Before reaching the ocean off theeastern coast of Brazil, the Amazon has traveled a total length of more than 4,000 miles.*The velocity of the river averages about 1.5 miles per hour,andeight trillion gallons ofwater per day are emptied into the Atlantic by the mighty Amazon. More than threehundred species of mammals make their homes in the Amazon rain forest, as well asthousands of species of fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and insects. *Piranhas, whichare found in parts of the river, can quickly kill and eat the flesh of a person. Toucans,whichare birds with huge beaks,do not live in the wild anywhere except the Amazonarea. *Freshwater dolphins, whichare calledbotosor pink dolphins,also live in parts ofthe river.4D: Correcting Comma Splices and Run-ons, page 14(Answers may vary. Sample answers are given.)*Khaled Hosseini, whonow lives in San Jose, California, writes about his nativecountry of Afghanistan. His first novel,The Kite Runner, almost instantly became a

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