Solution Manual for Physical Geography Laboratory Manual, 12th Edition

Name: Solution Manual for Physical Geography Laboratory Manual, 12th Edition
Brand: Academic Documents Platform
Price: 13 USD
Availability: InStock
Author: Madison Taylor

Solve textbook problems with ease using Solution Manual for Physical Geography Laboratory Manual, 12th Edition, featuring detailed solutions and step-by-step guides.

Madison Taylor

Contributor

4.9

3 months ago

Preview (16 of 170)

Answer Keyfor
Physical Geography Laboratory Manual
Twelfth Edition
by Darrel Hess
City College of San Francisco
to accompany
McKnight’s Physical Geography:
A Landscape Appreciation
Twelfth Edition
by Darrel Hess
Illustrated by Dennis Tasa

iii
Answer Key Contents
Introduction to Answer Key v
Exercise 1 Metric Conversions 3
Exercise 2 Location 7
Exercise 3 Time 13
Exercise 4 Map Scale 17
Exercise 5 Map Projections 23
Exercise 6 Isolines 27
Exercise 7 Landscape Analysis with Google Earth™ & The National Map 35
Exercise 8 Geographic Information Systems and Remote Sensing 41
Exercise 9 Earth-Sun Relations 49
Exercise 10 Solar Angle 55
Exercise 11 Insolation 61
Exercise 12 Temperature Patterns 67
Exercise 13 Air Pressure 75
Exercise 14 Wind 81
Exercise 15 Humidity 89
Exercise 16 Adiabatic Processes 95
Exercise 17 Stability 101
Exercise 18 Midlatitude Cyclones 109
Exercise 19 Weather Maps 117
Exercise 20 Weather Satellite Images 127
Exercise 21 Doppler Weather Radar 135
Exercise 22 Hurricanes 141
Exercise 23 Climate Classification 153
Exercise 24 Weather Variability and Climate Change 171
Exercise 25 Groundwater 179

iv
Exercise 26 Biomes and Ecological Land Units 185
Exercise 27 Soils 193
Exercise 28 Contour Lines 201
Exercise 29 U.S. Geological Survey Topographic Maps 205
Exercise 30 Topographic Profiles 209
Exercise 31 U.S. Public Land Survey System 215
Exercise 32 Aerial Photographs and Stereograms 221
Exercise 33 Plate Tectonics 229
Exercise 34 Volcanoes 237
Exercise 35 Volcanic Calderas 245
Exercise 36 Faulting 251
Exercise 37 The San Andreas Fault 257
Exercise 38 Mass Wasting 265
Exercise 39 Drainage Basins 273
Exercise 40 Floodplains 281
Exercise 41 Stream Drainage Patterns 287
Exercise 42 Stream Rejuvenation 293
Exercise 43 Flood Recurrence Intervals 299
Exercise 44 Karst Topography 305
Exercise 45 Desert Landforms 311
Exercise 46 Sand Dunes 321
Exercise 47 Continental Glaciation 327
Exercise 48 Alpine Glaciation 337
Exercise 49 Coastal Landforms 349
Appendix II Math Skills Practice Worksheet 364

v
Introduction to Answer Key
TO THE TEACHER
This Answer Key includes all of the exercise problem sets found in the Physical Geography
Laboratory Manual 12th edition by Darrel Hess, that accompanies the textbook McKnight’s
Physical Geography: A Landscape Appreciation, 12th edition, by Darrel Hess. However, only the
problem set pages themselves are included in this Answer Key—the page numbers match those in
the Lab Manual, so there are gaps in the page number sequence. The answers provided are those
that I have written in my copy of the Lab Manual. These answers are offered as a guide only—in
some cases other answers may also be correct.
New To The 12th Edition Lab Manual: This new edition of the Lab Manual retains all of the
exercises found in the previous edition, along with new exercises on Groundwater (Exercise 25)
and Geographic Information Systems and Remote Sensing by Ryan Jensen (Exercise 8; replacing
the previous exercise on GIS). In addition, many exercises and problem sets underwent major
revisions, including Landscape Analysis with Google Earth™ and The National Map (Exercise 7),
Doppler Weather Radar (Exercise 21), Weather Variability and Climate Change (Exercise 24),
Biomes and Ecological Land Units (Exercise 26), Aerial Photographs and Stereograms (Exercise
32), Mass Wasting (Exercise 38), and Flood Recurrence Intervals (Exercise 43).
At the suggestion of instructors, the order of exercises has been adjusted slightly, grouping
the exercises on topographic map and aerial photograph interpretation in the middle of the Lab
Manual, just before the sections on geomorphology where these skills are called for.
In addition to the 16 pages of color topographic maps included in previous editions of the
Lab Manual, 16 additional pages of color maps and images are now included. Many topographic
maps that were “grayscale” in the previous edition are now in color, along with additional color
aerial imagery.
QR Codes and Lab Manual Internet Site: The QR (Quick Response) codes that accompany
many exercises give students access to Lab Manual Internet content wherever they can use a
smartphone or other mobile device. By scanning the QR codes, students can view color maps,
satellite movie loops, color photographs, and Google Earth™ “videos” needed to complete nearly
all of the Internet-based problems in the Lab Manual. The Lab Manual Web site
(www.MasteringGeography.com) also provides all of the content accessed with the QR codes,
along with KMZ files for the problems using Google Earth™.
The URLs of the recommended Web sites are provided for each Internet exercise, but
because the Internet changes over time, the URLs printed in the Lab Manual may become out of
date or better sites might become available in the future. Feel free to recommend different, or
additional, Internet sites to your students.

vi
SUGGESTIONS FOR TEACHING LAB SESSIONS
Most instructors try to keep the amount of lecture in a laboratory session to a minimum,
leaving as much time as possible for working through the problems. If your students read the
background information for each exercise before attending a lab session, often a quick review and
overview of the exercise problems is all that is needed—this is especially true for exercises based
on material that has been covered in detail in the lecture course. In a few cases, however, a more
detailed introduction is required—I find this true with topics such as weather maps, satellite images,
topographic maps, and aerial photographs and stereograms.
I encourage students to work together in pairs or small groups during lab sessions. I find
that students enjoy this kind of collaborative learning. However, this approach does require careful
monitoring on your part—occasionally one assertive student will lead a group astray or will simply
do all of the work. You should clarify your policies on collaborative work early on.
SAMPLE LABORATORY COURSE SYLLABUS
For greater flexibility, many major topics in the Lab Manual are covered over several
exercises and the problems for most exercises are divided into two or more parts. The length and
difficulty of the problem sets vary greatly from exercise to exercise. It is doubtful that students will
have time to complete all of the problem sets in all of the exercises over the course of a single
quarter or semester. The exercises and problem sets you choose may depend on the time available,
the material being emphasized in lecture, and perhaps local interest. When selecting exercises to
use in your lab sessions, consider the following suggestions:
 There are several skills that students will be called upon to use repeatedly. For example, the
interpretation of various kinds of isolines will be required throughout the first half of the
manual, and the interpretation of contour lines, the construction of topographic profiles, and
the use of stereograms is required in the second half. If Google Earth™ is used for landform
analysis, Exercise 7 (Landscape Analysis with Google Earth™ and The National Map)
should be assigned before students begin more detailed landform analysis problems.
 While most exercises are designed to stand alone, in a few cases one exercise builds upon
the previous one. For example, the exercise on adiabatic processes (Exercise 16) assumes an
understanding of relative humidity (Exercise 15); the exercise on stability (Exercise 17)
assumes an understanding of adiabatic processes; and the exercises on weather maps and
satellite images (Exercises 19 and 20) assume an understanding of midlatitude cyclones
(Exercise 18).
 Local or regional interest may influence which exercises you choose. For example, here in
California, exercises on the San Andreas Fault and alpine glaciation are more immediately
relevant to my students than those on hurricanes or continental glaciation. Since many of
the problem sets are broken into several parts, you can emphasize some topics more than
others simply by adding or deleting parts of problem sets.
 Note that many of the problem sets may be completed using either S.I. units or English
units—be sure to specify which units you wish your students to use.

Loading page 6...

vii
 If your students don’t have access to stereoscopes, you can still make use of the stereograms
in the Lab Manual—simply have the students analyze one side of the stereogram as they
would any aerial photograph.
As a starting point for selecting exercises for your laboratory course, a sample syllabus is
shown on the following page. The syllabus is designed for a typical 3-hour-per-week lab over a 16-
week semester. It can be abridged as needed for shorter terms. In some cases, only parts of exercises
problems are recommended—for example, on the sample syllabus “18-II” indicates that Part II of
the Exercise 18 problems are recommended.
Because I let students work collaboratively on lab exercise problem sets, when calculating
final grades for my lab courses I tend to weigh work on exercise problem sets less heavily than
exams. (Some instructors actually provide answer keys so that students can correct their own
exercises at the end of a lab session—the instructors then simply give credit for completing an
exercise.) In my own lab courses, I include two short 45-minute quizzes in addition to a midterm
and final.

Loading page 7...

viii
Sample Syllabus
Week Topic Lab Exercise
1 Introduction; Location; Time Zones Appendix II
2-I/II
3-I
2 Map Scale; Map Projections; Isolines 4-I
5-I/II
6-II
8-I/II
3 Solar Angle; Insolation; Temperature Patterns 10-I/II
11-I/II
12-III
4 Air Pressure; Wind 13-I/II
14-I/II
5 Humidity; Adiabatic Processes 15-1/II or III/IV
16-1/II or III/IV
6 Weather Maps; Weather Satellite Images 18-II
19-I/II/IV
20-I/II
21-III or 22-II
7 Climate Classification 23-I/V
24
8 Lab Midterm Exam
9 Contour Lines; Topographic Maps; Stereo Aerial Photographs 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 7* (if
Google Earth™ problems
are assigned)
10 Plate Tectonics; Volcanoes; Faulting 33-I
34-I/III
36-I
37-I
11 Mass Wasting; Drainage Basins; Flood Recurrence Intervals 38-I
39-I/II
43
12 Floodplains; Stream Drainage Patterns 40-I/II or III/IV
41-I
42-I
13 Karst Topography; Desert Landforms 44-I or 44-II
45-I/III
46-I
14 Continental Glaciation; Alpine Glaciation 47-I/II
48-I/II/VI
15 Coastal Landforms; Review 49-I /II or II/IV
16 Lab Final Exam
*If Google Earth™ problems are assigned omit one problem set in each lab for weeks 10 through 15.

Loading page 8...

ix
SUPPLEMENTING LABORATORY EXERCISES
When possible, you are encouraged to supplement the Lab Manual with additional
topographic maps, aerial photographs, equipment, and outside field work.
 If your classroom is equipped with computers and Internet access, you’ll obviously have an
easier time completing exercises using Google Earth™, weather satellite images, and
Doppler weather radar, although increasingly students are able to access these resources
with their phones or other mobile devices.
 If teaching sets of topographic maps are available, you may use some of the problem sets in
the Lab Manual as starting points for expanded lab exercises. For example, a teaching set
of the U.S. Geological Survey 7.5' topographic map that includes your campus or city
makes a nice addition to the general introduction to topographic maps in Exercise 29. You
may also download the PDF of any quadrangle from the USGS US Topo website
(http://nationalmap.gov/ustopo/). In addition, time series satellite imagery is easily
available from the USGS LandsatLook Viewer website (http://landsatlook.usgs.gov/).
 If equipment is available, supplement the Lab Manual exercises with additional hands-on
problems. For example, I typically supplement my exercise on air pressure and wind with
an outdoor exercise in which students make a wind map of our campus—at selected
locations, students record the wind direction and speed (using inexpensive hand-held wind
meters and magnetic compasses); back in lab they map the wind patterns using standard
weather map symbols for direction and speed, and then answer a series of questions about
the variations they found (due to such factors as topography and building orientation).
 If practical, local field trips are a great addition to a laboratory course. I’ve found it very
useful to reproduce an enlarged portion of a topographic map that has the field trip stops
indicated—at each of the stops, students answer a series of questions. I have students lead
me from stop to stop—this sounds simple, but many students have never had to find their
way using a map—even in an urban area—without step-by-step instructions from a
navigation app. In a similar way, if teaching sets of GPS units are available, having
students navigate around your campus to “mystery locations” you’ve preprogrammed into
the units is fun and surprisingly instructive (yes, they can get lost even with a GPS unit in
hand!).
MATH AND CHARTING SKILLS PRACTICE WORKSHEET
On the first day of lab I pass out the “Math Skills Practice Worksheet” found in Appendix
II. The worksheet provides examples of the kinds of basic math and charting tasks that students
will use during the lab course. I emphasize that this worksheet is not a test, and I provide an
answer key so that students can check their answers.
Although only basic math skills are required to complete the exercises in the Lab Manual,
I’ve found it helpful early on in the course to identify students who may need a quick math
review, as well as those who may need more significant help. The “Hints” provided for the
worksheet are often all that’s needed to help most students though the practice problems.
Answers to the practice worksheet are included at the back of this Answer Key.

Loading page 9...

Loading page 10...

3
EXERCISE 1: Metric Conversions
Name __________________________________________ Section ____________________
1. Complete the following conversions using exact conversion factors (round your answers
to 1 decimal place).
S.I. Units English System Units
(a) 14 centimeters __________ inches
(b) 29 meters __________ feet
(c) 175 kilometers __________ miles
(d) 42 liters __________ quarts
(e) 57 grams __________ ounces
(f) 65 kilograms __________ pounds
(g) 37°C __________°F
2. Complete the following conversions using exact conversion factors (round your answers
to 1 decimal place).
English System Units S.I. Units
(a) 3 inches __________ centimeters
(b) 4.3 feet __________ meters
(c) 18 yards __________ meters
(d) 73 miles __________ kilometers
(e) 6.2 quarts __________ liters
(f) 10 gallons __________ liters
(g) 14 ounces __________ grams
(h) 155 pounds __________ kilograms
(i) 47°F __________°C
ExErcisE 1 ProblEMs/solUtioNs—Part
5.5
95.1
108.7
44.4
2.0
143.3
98.6
7.6
1.3
16.5
117.5
5.9
37.9
396.9
70.4
80.3

Loading page 11...

4
Physical Geography Laboratory Manual
Name __________________________________________ Section ____________________
ExErcisE 1 ProblEMs/solUtioNs—Part ii
1. Complete the following conversions using exact conversion factors (round your answers
to 1 decimal place).
S.I. Units English System Units
(a) 72 centimeters __________ inches
(b) 24 meters __________ feet
(c) 1300 kilometers __________ miles
(d) 4.5 liters __________ quarts
(e) 144 grams __________ ounces
(f) 228 kilograms __________ pounds
(g) 12°C __________°F
2. Complete the following conversions using exact conversion factors (round your answers
to 1 decimal place).
English System Units S.I. Units
(a) 55 inches __________ centimeters
(b) 1774 feet __________ meters
(c) 220 yards __________ meters
(d) 23,900 miles __________ kilometers
(e) 24 quarts __________ liters
(f) 300 gallons __________ liters
(g) 26 ounces __________ grams
(h) 4500 pounds __________ kilograms
(i) 88°F __________°C
78.8
807.3
4.8
5.0
28.5
502.7
53.6
139.7
541.1
201.1
38,455.1
22.7
1135.5
737.1
2043.0
31.1

Loading page 12...

7
EXERCISE 2: Location
Name __________________________________________ Section ____________________
1. Using a globe, determine the latitude and longitude of the following cities. Be sure to
indicate if the location is north or south latitude, and east or west longitude. Indicate
latitude and longitude to the nearest whole degree (round down if less than 30′; round up
if 30′ or more).
City Latitude Longitude
(a) Chicago, Illinois ________ ________
(b) Tokyo, Japan ________ ________
(c) Sydney, Australia ________ ________
(d) Singapore ________ ________
(e) Buenos Aires, Argentina ________ ________
2. Using a globe, determine which major city is located at the following coordinates:
Latitude Longitude City
(a) 14° N 100° E _________________________
(b) 56° N 38° E _________________________
(c) 19° N 99° W _________________________
(d) 1° S 37° E _________________________
(e) 37° S 175° E _________________________
3. (a) What is the latitude and longitude of your school? (Estimate to the nearest minute
of latitude and longitude; be sure to indicate if the location is north or south latitude,
and east or west longitude.)
(b) What resource did you use to determine this?
ExErcisE 2 ProbLEms/soLUtioNs—Part i
42° N 88° W
35° N 140° E
35° S 151° E
1° N 104° E
35° S 58° W
Bangkok
Moscow
Mexico City
Nairobi
Auckland

Loading page 13...

Physical Geography Laboratory Manual8
Name __________________________________________ Section ____________________
ExErcisE 2 ProbLEms/soLUtioNs—Part ii
1. On the diagram shown, plot the following
coordinates with a dot. Then label each
dot with its corresponding letter.
(a) 10° N, 40° W
(b) 50° N, 40° E
(c) 40° N, 25° W
(d) 5° S, 10° W
(e) 65° N, 70° E
2. Use the index of an atlas to find the following places. Determine the latitude and longitude
to the nearest degree.
Place Latitude Longitude
(a) Pusan (Busan) ________ ________
(b) Reykjavik (Reikjavik) ________ ________
(c) Walvis Bay ________ ________
(d) Tuvalu (Ellice Islands) ________ ________
3. If you start at the equator and travel to 10° N, approximately how many kilometers (or
miles) north of the equator will you be? Take the circumference of Earth to be 40,000 kil-
ometers (24,900 miles). Show your calculations.
4. If you travel west through 10° of longitude along the equator, the distance traveled will be
very different from the distance traveled through 10° of longitude at 60° N. Why?
35° N 129° E
64° N 22° W
23° S 14° E
177° E8° S
40,000/360 = 111.1 km/degree = 1111 (approx. 1100 km)
24,900/360 = 69.2 mi./degree = 692 mi. (approx. 690 mi.)
Meridians converge at the poles and so are closer together at 60° N than at 0°.

Loading page 14...

13
EXERCISE 3: Time
Name __________________________________________ Section ____________________
ExErcisE 3 ProblEms/solUTioNs—ParT i
Using the longitude of a time zone’s central meridian (which has been provided for you), answer
the following questions. Be sure to indicate if the time is a.m. or p.m.; however, refer to “noon”
or “midnight” rather than to 12:00 p.m. or 12:00 a.m. It may be helpful to draw a simple diagram
showing the central meridian of each time zone, such as Figure 3-3, when making your calculations.
1. If it is 10:00 a.m. Monday in Denver (based on 105° W), what time and day is it in New
York City (75° W)?
2. If it is 11:00 a.m. Thursday in Seattle (120° W), what time and day is it in Seoul, South
Korea (135° E)?
3. A satellite image of the United States was taken at “0900Z.” What was the local standard
time in Chicago (90° W)?
4. If it is Friday at 3:00 p.m. daylight-saving time in Kansas City (90° W), what is the day and
time in Quito, Ecuador (75° W), where daylight-saving time is not being observed?
105° W12:00 noon, Monday: 90° W 75° W
10 A.M. 11 A.M. 12 noon
M M M
4:00 A.M., Friday:
135° E 150° E 165° E 180° 165° W 150° W 135° W 120° W
4 A.M. 5 A.M. 6 A.M. 7 A.M. 8 A.M. 9 A.M. 10 A.M. 11 A.M.
F F F F/R R R R R
3:00 A.M:
90° W 75° W 60° W 45° W 30° W 15° W 0°
3 A.M. 4 A.M. 5 A.M. 6 A.M. 7 A.M. 8 A.M. 9 A.M.
90° W 75° W
3 P.M. DST
= 2 P.M. ST 3 P.M. ST
F F
3:00 P.M., Friday:

Loading page 15...

Physical Geography Laboratory Manual14
Name __________________________________________ Section ____________________
ExErcisE 3 ProblEms/solUTioNs—ParT ii
1. (a) Your plane leaves Boston (75° W) at 7:00 a.m. on Saturday, bound for Los Angeles
(120° W). The flight takes 5 hours. What is the time and day when you arrive in Los
Angeles?
(b) Your connecting flight to Taipei (120° E) leaves Los Angeles at 1:00 p.m. on that
same day. The flight takes 11 hours. What is the time and day when you arrive in
Taipei?
ExErcisE 3 ProblEms/solUTioNs—ParT iii
1. For a given latitude, if the stated time of sunset is 6:45 p.m. at 90° W, what is the time of
sunset at 91° W?
2. For a given latitude, if the stated time of sunrise is 6:10 a.m. at 120°00′ W, what is the time
of sunrise at 117°30′ W?
Take off: 120° W 105° W 90° W 75° W
4 A.M. 5 A.M. 6 A.M. 7 A.M.
Sa Sa Sa Sa
Landing: +5 hours = 9:00 A.M., Saturday
Take off: 120° E 135° E 150° E 165° E 180° 165° W 150° W 135° W 120° W
5 A.M. 6 A.M. 7 A.M. 8 A.M. 9 A.M. 10 A.M. 11 A.M. 12 noon 1 P.M.
Su Su Su Su Su/Sa Sa Sa Sa Sa
Landing: +11 hours = 4:00 P.M., Sunday
6:49 P.M.:
91° W to 90° W = 1° later = 4 minutes later = 6:49 P.M
6:00 A.M.:
120° W to 117°30' W = 2.5° earlier = 10 minutes earlier = 6:00 A.M.

Loading page 16...

13 more pages available. Scroll down to load them.

Preview Mode

100%

Study Now!

XY-Copilot AI

Unlimited Access

Secure Payment

Instant Access

24/7 Support

Document Chat

Document Details

Subject

Earth Science

Solution Manual for Physical Geography Laboratory Manual, 12th Edition

Study Now!

Document Details

Related Documents

Exploring Coral Reefs Understanding Abiotic Factor

Building Topographic Maps Creating 3D Maps with Wa

Understanding the Three Types of Regions

The Lowest Mountain Unveiling Mount Wycheproof's G

Hunter McCarty Carbon Cycle Gizmo 2021 Bio

Understanding Bakersfield's Rainfall Patterns Prec

Student Exploration Water Cycle

Geosystems: An Introduction To Physical Geography, 10th Edition Test Bank

Geography: Realms, Regions, and Concepts, 16th Edition Test Bank

Solution Manual for Earth: An Introduction to Physical Geology, 12th Edition

Company

Explore

Study Tools