Test Bank For Campbell Biology, 11th Edition

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1Campbell Biology, 11e(Urry)Chapter 1Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry1.1Multiple-Choice Questions1) Cells are ________.A) only found in pairs, because single cells cannot exist independentlyB) limited in size to 200 and 500 micrometers in diameterC) characteristic of eukaryotic but not prokaryotic organismsD) characteristic of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organismsAnswer: DBloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/ComprehensionSection: 1.12) In comparison to eukaryotes, prokaryotes ________.A) are more structurally complexB) are largerC) are smallerD) do not have membranesAnswer: CBloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/ComprehensionSection: 1.13) Which of the following types of cells utilize deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) as their geneticmaterial but do not have their DNA encased within a nuclear envelope?A) animalB) plantC) archaeanD) fungiAnswer: CBloom's Taxonomy: Application/AnalysisSection: 1.14) To understand the chemical basis of inheritance, we must understand the molecular structureof DNA. This is an example of the application of which concept to the study of biology?A) evolutionB) emergent propertiesC) reductionismD) feedback regulationAnswer: CBloom's Taxonomy: Application/AnalysisSection: 1.1

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25) A localized group of organisms that belong to the same species is called a ________.A) communityB) populationC) ecosystemD) familyAnswer: BBloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/ComprehensionSection: 1.16) Which of the following statements istrueregarding the complexity of biological systems?A) An understanding of the interactions between different components within a living system isan approach towards understanding reductionism.B) Knowing the function of a component of a living system can provide insights into thestructure and organization of the living system.C) Understanding the chemical structure of DNA reveals how it directs the functioning of aliving cell.D) An ecosystem displays complex properties of the biotic component only.Answer: BBloom's Taxonomy: Application/AnalysisSection: 1.17) Which of the following order is correct in terms of the hierarchy of the organization?A) Ecosystem → Biosphere → Population → Community → OrganismB) Biosphere → Ecosystem → Population → Community → OrganismC) Ecosystem → Community → Biosphere → Population → OrganismD) Biosphere → Ecosystem →Community → Population → OrganismAnswer: DBloom's Taxonomy: Application/AnalysisSection: 1.18) When your body temperature rises on a hot day, the neural and hormonal mechanisms activatesweating. Evaporation of sweat leads to cooling of the body surface. This is an example of________.A) positive feedback regulationB) negative feedback regulationC) chemical cyclingD) emergent propertiesAnswer: BBloom's Taxonomy: Application/AnalysisSection: 1.1

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39) Characters are transmitted from parents to offspring. ________ are the units of inheritance.A) GenesB) ProteinsC) RNAD) DNAAnswer: ABloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/ComprehensionSection: 1.110) As letters are to English language, ________ is/are to genetic information.A) proteinsB) nucleotidesC) DNA double helixD) A and BAnswer: BBloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/ComprehensionSection: 1.111) The process by which the information in a gene directs the synthesis of a protein is called________.A) gene expressionB) replicationC) post translation modificationD) cloningAnswer: ABloom's Taxonomy: Application/AnalysisSection: 1.212) Which of the following statements is true?A) mRNA is the only type of RNA found in the living systemB) All forms of life employ the same genetic codeC) A typical human liver cell has one set of chromosomesD) Organisms interact but do not affect their environmentAnswer: BBloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/ComprehensionSection: 1.213) Plants convert ________.A) chemical energy to mechanical energy.B) sunlight to mechanical energy.C) sunlight to chemical energy.D) mechanical energy to chemical energy.Answer: CBloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/ComprehensionSection: 1.2

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414) Which of these provides evidence of the common ancestry of all life?A) near universality of the genetic codeB) structure of the nucleusC) structure of ciliaD) structure of chloroplastsAnswer: ABloom's Taxonomy: Application/AnalysisSection: 1.215) Which branch of biology is concerned with the naming and classifying of organisms?A) informaticsB) taxonomyC) genomicsD) evolutionAnswer: BBloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/ComprehensionSection: 1.216) Use the following figure to answer the question.The phylogenetic tree ________.A) depicts that Archaea is closer to Bacteria than EukaryaB) depicts that Eukarya is closer to Bacteria than ArchaeaC) includes unicellular and some forms of multicellular life, but not complex animals and plantsD) includes every single life form on this earthAnswer: DBloom's Taxonomy: Application/AnalysisSection: 1.2

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517) Use the following figure to answer the question."A" is ________; "B" is ________.A) the most recent species to evolve on Earth; an ancestor of group "A"B) the most recent species to evolve on Earth; the last common ancestor of Archaea and EukaryaC) the common ancestor of all life; the common ancestor of Bacteria and ArchaeaD) the common ancestor of all life; the last common ancestor of Archaea and EukaryaAnswer: DBloom's Taxonomy: Application/AnalysisSection: 1.218) You are suffering fromStreptococcusthroat infection. You share the following with thebacteria that is responsible for your condition.A) You both belong to the same domain.B) You both are made up of cells.C) You both have genetic material in your nucleus.D) You andStreptococcushave nothing in common.Answer: BBloom's Taxonomy: Application/AnalysisSection: 1.219) Which of the following is true of natural selection?A) It requires genetic variation.B) It results in descent with modification.C) It involves differential reproductive success.D) It requires genetic variation, results in descent with modification, and involves differentialreproductive success.Answer: DBloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/ComprehensionSection: 1.220) Which of the following isnotone of Charles Darwin's observations?A) Individuals in a population vary in their traits.B) Many of the traits in an individual are heritable.C) A population avoids competition by producing only as many offspring as can successfullyreproduce on their own.D) Species generally are adapted to their environments.Answer: CBloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/ComprehensionSection: 1.2

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621) The evolution of one species into two or more species as a result of different populationsbecoming reproductively isolated from each other is best termed as ________.A) adaptive radiationB) creationismC) natural selectionD) prototypeAnswer: ABloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/ComprehensionSection: 1.222) Cotton-topped tamarins are small primates with tufts of long white hair on their heads. Whilestudying these creatures, you notice that males with longer hair get more opportunities to mateand father more offspring. To test the hypothesis that having longer hair is adaptive in thesemales, you should ________.A) test whether other traits in these males are also adaptiveB) look for evidence of hair in ancestors of tamarinsC) determine if hair length is heritableD) test whether males with shaved heads are still able to mateAnswer: CBloom's Taxonomy: Application/AnalysisSection: 1.223) Following a scientific method, which of the following is the correct order of steps?A) Observation→ Analysis → Hypothesis → Conclusion → Communicate results →ExperimentB) Observation → Hypothesis → Experiment → Communicate results → Analysis →ConclusionC) Experiment → Hypothesis → Observation → Analysis → Conclusion → CommunicateresultsD) Observation → Hypothesis → Experiment → Analysis → Conclusion → CommunicateresultsAnswer: DBloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/ComprehensionSection: 1.324) Which of the following questions is considered a thought-provoking scientific query?A) How long ago did the Pterosaurs live on this planet?B) Does the amount of solute in water affect the boiling point of the solution?C) Who invented the telescope?D) How many tigers are left in India?Answer: DBloom's Taxonomy: Application/AnalysisSection: 1.1

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725) The following experiment is used for the following question.A researcher discovered a species of moth that lays its eggs on oak trees. Eggs are laid at twodistinct times of the year: early in spring when the oak trees are flowering and in midsummerwhen flowering is past. Caterpillars from eggs that hatch in spring feed on oak flowers and looklike oak flowers, but caterpillars that hatch in summer feed on oak leaves and look like oaktwigs.How does the same population of moths produce such different-looking caterpillars on the sametrees? To answer this question, the biologist caught many female moths from the samepopulation and collected their eggs. He put at least one egg from each female into eight identicalcups. The eggs hatched, and at least two larvae from each female were maintained in one of thefour temperature and light conditions listed below.TemperatureDay LengthSpringlikeSpringlikeSpringlikeSummerlikeSummerlikespringlikeSummerlikesummerlikeIn each of the four environments, one of the caterpillars was fed oak flowers, the other oakleaves. Thus, there were a total of eight treatment groups (4 environments × 2 diets).Which one of the following isnota plausible hypothesis that can be tested in this experiment?A) The longer day lengths of summer trigger the development of twig-like caterpillars.B) The cooler temperatures of spring trigger the development of flowerlike caterpillars.C) Differences in air pressure, due to differences in elevation, trigger the development ofdifferent types of caterpillars.D) Differences in diet trigger the development of different types of caterpillars.Answer: CBloom's Taxonomy: Application/AnalysisSection: 1.3

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826) The following experiment is used for the following question.A researcher discovered a species of moth that lays its eggs on oak trees. Eggs are laid at twodistinct times of the year: early in spring when the oak trees are flowering and in midsummerwhen flowering is past. Caterpillars from eggs that hatch in spring feed on oak flowers and looklike oak flowers, but caterpillars that hatch in summer feed on oak leaves and look like oaktwigs.How does the same population of moths produce such different-looking caterpillars on the sametrees? To answer this question, the biologist caught many female moths from the samepopulation and collected their eggs. He put at least one egg from each female into eight identicalcups. The eggs hatched, and at least two larvae from each female were maintained in one of thefour temperature and light conditions listed below.TemperatureDay LengthSpringlikeSpringlikeSpringlikeSummerlikeSummerlikespringlikeSummerlikesummerlikeIn each of the four environments, one of the caterpillars was fed oak flowers, the other oakleaves. Thus, there were a total of eight treatment groups (4 environments × 2 diets).In every case, caterpillars that feed on oak flowers look like oak flowers. In every case,caterpillars that were raised on oak leaves looked like twigs. These results support which of thefollowing hypotheses?A) The longer day lengths of summer trigger the development of twig-like caterpillars.B) Differences in air pressure, due to elevation, trigger the development of different types ofcaterpillars.C) Differences in diet trigger the development of different types of caterpillars.D) The differences are genetic. A female will either produce all flowerlike caterpillars or alltwig-like caterpillars.Answer: CBloom's Taxonomy: Application/AnalysisSection: 1.3

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927) The following experiment is used for the following question.A researcher discovered a species of moth that lays its eggs on oak trees. Eggs are laid at twodistinct times of the year: early in spring when the oak trees are flowering and in midsummerwhen flowering is past. Caterpillars from eggs that hatch in spring feed on oak flowers and looklike oak flowers, but caterpillars that hatch in summer feed on oak leaves and look like oaktwigs.How does the same population of moths produce such different-looking caterpillars on the sametrees? To answer this question, the biologist caught many female moths from the samepopulation and collected their eggs. He put at least one egg from each female into eight identicalcups. The eggs hatched, and at least two larvae from each female were maintained in one of thefour temperature and light conditions listed below.TemperatureDay LengthSpringlikeSpringlikeSpringlikeSummerlikeSummerlikespringlikeSummerlikesummerlikeIn each of the four environments, one of the caterpillars was fed oak flowers, the other oakleaves. Thus, there were a total of eight treatment groups (4 environments × 2 diets).Recall that eggs from the same female were exposed to each of the eight treatments used. Thisaspect of the experimental design tested which of the following hypotheses?A) The longer day lengths of summer trigger the development of twig-like caterpillars.B) Differences in air pressure, due to elevation, trigger the development of different types ofcaterpillars.C) Differences in diet trigger the development of different types of caterpillars.D) The differences are genetic. A female will either produce all flowerlike caterpillars or alltwig-like caterpillars.Answer: DBloom's Taxonomy: Application/AnalysisSection: 1.3

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1028) The following experiment is used for the following question.A researcher discovered a species of moth that lays its eggs on oak trees. Eggs are laid at twodistinct times of the year: early in spring when the oak trees are flowering and in midsummerwhen flowering is past. Caterpillars from eggs that hatch in spring feed on oak flowers and looklike oak flowers, but caterpillars that hatch in summer feed on oak leaves and look like oaktwigs.How does the same population of moths produce such different-looking caterpillars on the sametrees? To answer this question, the biologist caught many female moths from the samepopulation and collected their eggs. He put at least one egg from each female into eight identicalcups. The eggs hatched, and at least two larvae from each female were maintained in one of thefour temperature and light conditions listed below.TemperatureDay LengthSpringlikeSpringlikeSpringlikeSummerlikeSummerlikespringlikeSummerlikesummerlikeIn each of the four environments, one of the caterpillars was fed oak flowers, the other oakleaves. Thus, there were a total of eight treatment groups (4 environments × 2 diets).Recall that in the experiment, caterpillars born in the spring looked like flowers, and caterpillarsborn in the summer looked like twigs. What is the most likely selective advantage for thisdifference in body shape?A) Looking like their food sources allows the caterpillars to move through their environmentmore efficiently.B) Development into the adult moth form is faster for caterpillars shaped like twigs than likeflowers.C) Looking like their food source lets the caterpillars blend into their surroundings, reducingpredation.D) Looking like their food source will increase the caterpillars' feeding efficiency; this wouldincrease their growth rate and survival rate.Answer: CBloom's Taxonomy: Application/AnalysisSection: 1.3

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1129) How does a scientific theory differ from a scientific hypothesis?A) Theories are proposed to test scientific hypotheses.B) Theories are usually an explanation for a more general phenomenon; hypotheses typicallyaddress more specific issues.C) Hypotheses are usually an explanation for a more general phenomenon; theories typicallyaddress more specific issues.D) Confirmed theories become scientific laws; hypotheses become theories.Answer: BBloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/ComprehensionSection: 1.330) A friend of yours calls to say that his car would not start this morning. He asks for your help.You say that you think the battery must be dead. If so, then jump-starting the car from a goodbattery will solve the problem. In doing so, you are ________.A) testing a theory for why the car will not startB) making observations to inspire a theory for why the car will not startC) stating a hypothesis and using that hypothesis to make a testable predictionD) comparing multiple hypotheses for why the car will not startAnswer: CBloom's Taxonomy: Application/AnalysisSection: 1.331)Agrobacteriuminfects plants and causes them to form tumors. You are asked to determinehow long a plant must be exposed to these bacteria to become infected. Which of the followingexperiments will provide the best data to address that question?A) Determine the survival rate ofAgrobacteriumwhen exposed to different concentrations of anantibiotic.B) Measure the number of tumors formed on a plant when exposed to various concentrations ofAgrobacterium.C) Measure the concentration ofAgrobacteriumin different soil environments where the plantsgrow.D) Measure the number of tumors formed on plants, which are exposed toAgrobacteriumfordifferent lengths of time.Answer: DBloom's Taxonomy: Application/AnalysisSection: 1.3

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1232)Agrobacteriuminfects plants and causes them to form tumors. You determine that tumorformation requires a large amount of the plant's energy for tissue formation. How might thischange the number of offspring a plant produces, and what is the most likely explanation for thischange?A) The number of offspring should increase because in general, illness increases the reproductiveoutput of organisms.B) The number of offspring should increase because the bacteria will provide energy for theplant.C) The number of offspring should decrease because the plant will divert energy fromreproduction to tumor formation.D) There should be no effect of infection on offspring production because energy forreproduction is independent of infection.Answer: CBloom's Taxonomy: Application/AnalysisSection: 1.333) Use the following information when answering the following question.In 1668, Francesco Redi performed a series of experiments on spontaneous generation. He beganby putting similar pieces of meat into eight identical jars. Four jars were left open to the air, andfour were sealed. He then did the same experiment with one variation: Instead of sealing four ofthe jars completely, he covered them with gauze (the gauze excluded the flies while allowing themeat to be exposed to air). In both experiments, he monitored the jars and recorded whether ornot maggots (young flies) appeared in the meat.What hypothesis was being tested in the initial experiment with open versus sealed jars?A) Spontaneous generation is more likely during the long days of summer.B) The type of meat used affects the likelihood of spontaneous generation.C) Maggots do not arise spontaneously, but from eggs laid by adult flies.D) Spontaneous generation can occur only if meat is exposed to air.Answer: CBloom's Taxonomy: Application/AnalysisSection: 1.3

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1334) Use the following information when answering the following question.In 1668, Francesco Redi performed a series of experiments on spontaneous generation. He beganby putting similar pieces of meat into eight identical jars. Four jars were left open to the air, andfour were sealed. He then did the same experiment with one variation: Instead of sealing four ofthe jars completely, he covered them with gauze (the gauze excluded the flies while allowing themeat to be exposed to air). In both experiments, he monitored the jars and recorded whether ornot maggots (young flies) appeared in the meat.In both experiments, flies appeared in all of the open jars and only in the open jars. Which one ofthe following statements is correct?A) The experiment was inconclusive because Redi used only one kind of meat.B) The experiment was inconclusive because it did not run long enough.C) The experiment supports the hypothesis that spontaneous generation occurs in rotting meat.D) The experiment supports the hypothesis that maggots arise only from eggs laid by adult flies.Answer: DBloom's Taxonomy: Application/AnalysisSection: 1.335) The best experimental design ________.A) includes a large sample size for each conditionB) includes a controlC) alters only one condition between the controls and the experimental conditionD) includes a large sample size and a control, and alters only one condition between the controlsand the experimental conditionAnswer: DBloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/ComprehensionSection: 1.336) A controlled experiment ________.A) is repeated many times to ensure that the results are accurateB) includes at least two groups, one of which does not receive the experimental treatmentC) includes at least two groups, one differing from the other by two or more variablesD) includes one group for which the scientist controls all variablesAnswer: BBloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/ComprehensionSection: 1.3

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1437) Which of the following are qualities of any good scientific hypothesis?I.It is testable.II.It is falsifiable.III. It produces quantitative data.IV. It produces results that can be replicated.A) I onlyB) III onlyC) I and IID) III and IVAnswer: CBloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/ComprehensionSection: 1.338) The temperature at which an alligator's egg is incubated will determine the sex of theoffspring. The dependent and the independent variables in this experiment are ________.A) sex of the baby alligator and temperature respectivelyB) temperature and sex of the baby alligator respectivelyC) size of the incubator and size of the baby alligator respectivelyD) number of offspring and temperature in the incubator respectivelyAnswer: ABloom's Taxonomy: Application/AnalysisSection: 1.339) In presenting data that result from an experiment, a group of students show that most of theirmeasurements fall on a straight diagonal line on their graph. However, two of their data pointsare "outliers" and fall far to one side of the expected relationship. What should they do?A) Do not show these points because clearly something went wrong in the experiment.B) Average several trials, rule out the improbable results, and do not show them in the finalwork.C) Show all results obtained and then try to explore the reason(s) for these outliers.D) Change the details of the experiment until they can obtain the expected results.Answer: CBloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis/EvaluationSection: 1.3

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1540) A scientist, who wants to study the effects of nitrogen on wheat plants, sets up an experimentwith 4 groups of wheat plants: group A gets 20 pounds per acre, group B gets 40 pounds peracre, group C gets 60 pounds per acre, and group D gets 0 pounds per acre. Which of thefollowing is the control group?A) group AB) group BC) group CD) group DAnswer: DBloom's Taxonomy: Application/AnalysisSection: 1.341) Which of these is an example of inductive reasoning?A) Hundreds of individuals of a species have been observed and all are photosynthetic; therefore,the species is photosynthetic.B) These organisms live in sunny regions. Therefore, they are using photosynthesis.C) If protists are all single-celled, then they are incapable of aggregating.D) If two species are members of the same genus, they are more alike than each of them could beto a different genus.Answer: ABloom's Taxonomy: Application/AnalysisSection: 1.342) The application of scientific knowledge for some specific purpose is known as ________.A) technologyB) deductive scienceC) inductive scienceD) pure scienceAnswer: ABloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/ComprehensionSection: 1.443) Which of the following best describes a model organism?A) It is often pictured in textbooks and is easy for students to imagine.B) It is well studied, it is easy to grow, and results are widely applicable.C) It is small, inexpensive to raise, and lives a long time.D) It has been chosen for study by early biologists.Answer: BBloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/ComprehensionSection: 1.4

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1644) Why is a scientific topic best discussed by people of varying points of view, from differentsubdisciplines, and representing diverse cultures?A) Robust and critical discussion between diverse groups improves scientific thinking.B) Scientists can coordinate with others to conduct experiments in similar ways.C) This is a way of ensuring that everyone gets the same results.D) People need to exchange their ideas with other disciplines and cultures because everyone hasa right to an opinion in science.Answer: ABloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis/EvaluationSection: 1.41.2Student Edition End-of-Chapter Questions1) All the organisms on your campus make upA) an ecosystem.B) a community.C) a population.D) a taxonomic domain.Answer: BBloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension2) Systems biology is mainly an attempt toA) analyze genomes from different species.B) simplify complex problems by reducing the system into smaller, less complex units.C) understand the behavior of entire biological systems by studying interactions among itscomponent parts.D) build high-throughput machines for the rapid acquisition of biological data.Answer: CBloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension3) Which of the following best demonstrates the unity among all organisms?A) emergent propertiesB) descent with modificationC) the structure and function of DNAD) natural selectionAnswer: CBloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension4) A controlled experiment is one thatA) proceeds slowly enough that a scientist can make careful records of the results.B) tests experimental and control groups in parallel.C) is repeated many times to make sure the results are accurate.D) keeps all variables constant.Answer: BBloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension

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175) Which of the following statements best distinguishes hypotheses from theories in science?A) Theories are hypotheses that have been proved.B) Hypotheses are guesses; theories are correct answers.C) Hypotheses usually are relatively narrow in scope; theories have broad explanatory power.D) Theories are proved true; hypotheses are often contradicted by experimental results.Answer: CBloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension6) Which of the following is an example of qualitative data?A) The fish swam in a zigzag motion.B) The contents of the stomach are mixed every 20 seconds.C) The temperature decreased from 20°C to 15°C.D) The six pairs of robins hatched an average of three chicks each.Answer: ABloom's Taxonomy: Application/Analysis7) Which sentence best describes the logic of scientific inquiry?A) If I generate a testable hypothesis, tests and observations will support it.B) If my prediction is correct, it will lead to a testable hypothesis.C) If my observations are accurate, they will support my hypothesis.D) If my hypothesis is correct, I can expect certain test results.Answer: DBloom's Taxonomy: Application/Analysis

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1Campbell Biology, 11e(Urry)Chapter 2The Chemical Context of Life2.1Multiple-Choice Questions1) About 25 of the 92 natural elements are known to be essential to life. Which 4 of these 25elements make up approximately 96% of living matter?A) carbon, sodium, hydrogen, nitrogenB) carbon, oxygen, phosphorus, hydrogenC) oxygen, hydrogen, calcium, nitrogenD) carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygenAnswer: DBloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/ComprehensionSection: 2.12) Trace elements are those required by an organism in only minute quantities. Which of thefollowing is a trace element that is required by humans and other vertebrates, but not by otherorganisms such as bacteria or plants?A) calciumB) iodineC) sodiumD) phosphorusAnswer: BBloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/ComprehensionSection: 2.13) Which of the following statements is TRUE?A) Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and calcium are the most abundant elements of living matter.B) Some naturally occurring elements are toxic to organisms.C) All life requires the same essential elements.D) A patient suffering from a goiter should not consume seafood.Answer: BBloom's Taxonomy: Application/AnalysisSection: 2.14) Which of the following are compounds?A) H2O, O2, and CH4B) H2O and O2C) O2 and CH4D) H2O and CH4, but not O2Answer: DBloom's Taxonomy: Application/AnalysisSection: 2.1

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25) Atoms have no electric charge because they have ________.A) uncharged neutrons in their nucleiB) an equal number of protons and neutronsC) an equal number of protons and electronsD) an equal number of charged and uncharged subatomic particlesAnswer: CBloom's Taxonomy: Application/AnalysisSection: 2.26) An ion with six protons, seven neutrons, and a charge of 2+ has an atomic number of________.A) fourB) fiveC) sixD) sevenAnswer: CBloom's Taxonomy: Application/AnalysisSection: 2.27) Molybdenum has an atomic number of 42. Several common isotopes exist, with mass numbersfrom 92-100. Which of the following can be true?A) Molybdenum atoms can have between 50 and 58 neutrons.B) Molybdenum atoms can have between 50 and 58 protons.C) Molybdenum atoms can have between 50 and 58 electrons.D) Isotopes of molybdenum have different numbers of electrons.Answer: ABloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/ComprehensionSection: 2.28) Carbon-14 has the same ________.A) atomic number and atomic mass as carbon-12B) atomic number and thus number of neutrons as carbon-13C) atomic mass as both carbon-12 and carbon-13D) number of protons but more neutrons than carbon-12Answer: DBloom's Taxonomy: Application/AnalysisSection: 2.29) A(n) ________ has charge but negligible mass, whereas a(n) ________ has mass but nocharge.A) proton; neutronB) neutron; protonC) neutron; electronD) electron; neutronAnswer: DBloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/ComprehensionSection: 2.2

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310) The atomic number of nitrogen is 7. Nitrogen-15 has a greater mass number than nitrogen-14because the atomic nucleus of nitrogen-15 contains ________.A) 7 neutronsB) 8 neutronsC) 8 protonsD) 15 protonsAnswer: BBloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/ComprehensionSection: 2.211) The left to right order of elements in the periodic table is based on their ________.A) atomic massB) atomic numberC) electric charge of the atomD) the number of neutronsAnswer: BBloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/ComprehensionSection: 2.212) A neutral atom has two, eight, eight electrons in its first, second, and third energy levels.This information ________.A) does not tell us about the atomic number of the elementB) does not tell us about the chemical properties of the elementC) does not tell us about the atomic mass of the elementD) does not tell us about the size of the elementAnswer: CBloom's Taxonomy: Application/AnalysisSection: 2.213) In a chemical reaction, the element 13Al will most preferably ________.A) lose three electrons and become positively chargedB) gain five electrons and become negatively chargedC) lose five electrons and become positively chargedD) gain three electrons and become positively chargedAnswer: ABloom's Taxonomy: Application/AnalysisSection: 2.2

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4Refer to the following figure (first three rows of the periodic table) to answer the questionsbelow.14) What element does not prefer to react with other elements?A) hydrogenB) heliumC) berylliumD) both hydrogen and berylliumAnswer: BBloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis/EvaluationSection: 2.215) Which pair of elements would likely have similar valency and thus similar chemicalbehavior?A) nitrogen and phosphorusB) carbon and nitrogenC) sodium and chlorineD) hydrogen and heliumAnswer: ABloom's Taxonomy: Application/AnalysisSection: 2.2

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5Refer to the following figure to answer the questions below.16) How many electrons are present in a Phosphorus 3+ atom?A) 16B) 12C) 19D) 34Answer: BBloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/ComprehensionSection: 2.217) How many electrons will a single atom of sulfur with no charge and no bonds have in itsvalence shell?A) 6B) 8C) 16D) 32Answer: ABloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/ComprehensionSection: 2.218) Oxygen has an atomic number of 8 and, most commonly, a mass number of 16. Thus, what isthe atomic mass of an oxygen atom?A) approximately 8 gramsB) approximately 8 daltonsC) approximately 16 gramsD) approximately 16 daltonsAnswer: DBloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/ComprehensionSection: 2.219) Elements 72Zn, 75As, and 74Ge have the ________.A) same number of protonsB) same number of protons and electronsC) same number of neutronsD) same number of neutrons and electronsAnswer: CBloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis/EvaluationSection: 2.2

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620) Can the atomic mass of an element vary?A) No, it is fixed; otherwise a new element will be formed.B) Yes. Adding or losing electrons will substantially change the atomic mass.C) Yes. Adding or losing protons will change the atomic mass without forming a differentelement.D) Yes. Adding or losing neutrons will change the atomic mass without forming a differentelement.Answer: DBloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/ComprehensionSection: 2.221) Which of the following is the best description of an atom's physical structure?A) An atom is a solid mass of material.B) The particles that form an atom are equidistant from each other.C) Atoms are little bubbles of space with mass concentrated at the center of the bubble.D) Atoms are little bubbles of space with mass concentrated on the outside surface of the bubble.Answer: CBloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/ComprehensionSection: 2.222) When are atoms most stable?A) when they have the fewest possible valence electronsB) when they have the maximum number of unpaired electronsC) when all of the electron orbitals in the valence shell are filledD) when all electrons are pairedAnswer: CBloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/ComprehensionSection: 2.223) A salamander relies on hydrogen bonding to stick to various surfaces. Therefore, asalamander would have the greatest difficulty clinging to a ________.A) slightly damp surfaceB) surface of hydrocarbonsC) surface of mostly carbon-oxygen bondsD) surface of mostly carbon-nitrogen bondsAnswer: BBloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis/EvaluationSection: 2.3

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724) Which one of the atoms shown would be most likely to form a cation with a charge of +1?A)B)C)D)Answer: ABloom's Taxonomy: Application/AnalysisSection: 2.3

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825) Which one of the atoms shown would be most likely to form an anion with a charge of -1?A)B)C)D)Answer: DBloom's Taxonomy: Application/AnalysisSection: 2.326) A covalent chemical bond is one in which ________.A) electrons are removed from one atom and transferred to another atom so that the two atomsbecome oppositely chargedB) protons and neutrons are shared by two atoms so as to satisfy the requirements of both atomsC) outer-shell electrons of two atoms are shared so as to satisfactorily fill their respective orbitalsD) outer-shell electrons of one atom are transferred to fill the inner electron shell of another atomAnswer: CBloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/ComprehensionSection: 2.327) What is the maximum number of covalent bonds that an oxygen atom with atomic number 8can make with hydrogen?A) 1B) 2C) 4D) 6Answer: BBloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/ComprehensionSection: 2.3

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928) Nitrogen (N) is more electronegative than hydrogen (H). Which of the following is a correctstatement about the atoms in ammonia (NH3)?A) Each hydrogen atom has a partial positive charge; the nitrogen atom has a partial negativecharge.B) Ammonia has an overall positive charge.C) Ammonia has an overall negative charge.D) The nitrogen atom has a partial positive charge; each hydrogen atom has a partial negativecharge.Answer: ABloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/ComprehensionSection: 2.329) Bonds between two atoms that are equally electronegative are ________.A) hydrogen bondsB) polar covalent bondsC) nonpolar covalent bondsD) ionic bondsAnswer: CBloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/ComprehensionSection: 2.330) In the following structure where A and B represent two different elements, the valency of Ais ________ and B is ________.A) one; threeB) one; fiveC) three; fiveD) eight; eightAnswer: ABloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/ComprehensionSection: 2.331) A covalent bond is likely to be polar when ________.A) one of the atoms sharing electrons is more electronegative than the other atomB) the two atoms sharing electrons are equally electronegativeC) carbon is one of the two atoms sharing electronsD) the two atoms sharing electrons are of the same elementsAnswer: ABloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/ComprehensionSection: 2.3

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1032) What is the difference between covalent bonds and ionic bonds?A) Covalent bonds involve the sharing of pairs of electrons between atoms; ionic bonds involvethe sharing of single electrons between atoms.B) Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms; ionic bonds involve theelectrical attraction between charged atoms.C) Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms; ionic bonds involve thesharing of protons between charged atoms.D) Covalent bonds involve the transfer of electrons between charged atoms; ionic bonds involvethe sharing of electrons between atoms.Answer: BBloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/ComprehensionSection: 2.333) The atomic number of chlorine is 17. The atomic number of magnesium is 12. What is theformula for magnesium chloride?A) MgClB) MgCl2C) Mg2ClD) MgCl3Answer: BBloom's Taxonomy: Application/AnalysisSection: 2.334) How many electron pairs are shared between carbon atoms in a molecule that has theformula C2H4?A) oneB) twoC) threeD) fourAnswer: BBloom's Taxonomy: Application/AnalysisSection: 2.335) Which bond or interaction would be difficult to disrupt when compounds are put into water?A) covalent bonds between carbon atomsB) hydrogen bondsC) ionic bondsD) ionic and hydrogen bondsAnswer: ABloom's Taxonomy: Application/AnalysisSection: 2.3

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1136) Which of the following is broken when water evaporates?A) nonpolar covalent bondsB) ionic bondsC) hydrogen bondsD) polar covalent bondsAnswer: CBloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/ComprehensionSection: 2.337) Van der Waals interactions may result when ________.A) electrons are not symmetrically distributed in a moleculeB) molecules held by ionic bonds react with waterC) two polar covalent bonds reactD) a hydrogen atom loses an electronAnswer: ABloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/ComprehensionSection: 2.338) What is the maximum number of hydrogen atoms that can be covalently bonded in amolecule containing two carbon atoms?A) twoB) fourC) sixD) eightAnswer: CBloom's Taxonomy: Application/AnalysisSection: 2.3Refer to the following figure to answer the questions below.39) What results from the chemical reaction in the illustration? The reactants have no charge.A) a cation with a net charge of +1 and an anion with a net charge of +1B) a cation with a net charge of -1 and an anion with a net charge of -1C) a cation with a net charge of -1 and an anion with a net charge of +1D) a cation with a net charge of +1 and an anion with a net charge of -1Answer: DBloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/ComprehensionSection: 2.3

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1240) What is the atomic number of the cation formed in the reaction in the illustration?A) 8B) 10C) 11D) 16Answer: CBloom's Taxonomy: Application/AnalysisSection: 2.3Refer to the following figure to answer the questions below.41) What causes the shape of the molecule shown?A) the shape of the twoporbitals in the carbon atomB) the shape of the onesorbital in the carbon atomC) the shape of thesp3hybrid orbitals of the electrons shared between the carbon and hydrogenatomsD) hydrogen bonding configurations between the carbon and hydrogen atomsAnswer: CBloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/ComprehensionSection: 2.342) How many electrons are involved in a triple covalent bond?A) 3B) 6C) 9D) 12Answer: BBloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/ComprehensionSection: 2.343) Based on electron configuration, which of the elements in the figure would exhibit achemical behavior most like that of oxygen?A) carbonB) nitrogenC) sulfurD) phosphorusAnswer: CBloom's Taxonomy: Application/AnalysisSection: 2.2

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1344) If an atom has a charge of +1, which of the following must be true?A) It has two more protons than neutrons.B) It has the same number of protons as electrons.C) It has one more electron than it does protons.D) It has one more proton than it does electrons.Answer: DBloom's Taxonomy: Application/AnalysisSection: 2.345) Elements found on the left side of the periodic table contain outer shells that are ________;these elements tend to form ________ in solution.A) almost empty; cationsB) almost empty; anionsC) almost full; cationsD) almost full; anionsAnswer: ABloom's Taxonomy: Application/AnalysisSection: 2.346) An atom has four electrons in its valence shell. What types of covalent bonds is it capable offorming?A) single, double, or tripleB) single and double onlyC) single bonds onlyD) double bonds onlyAnswer: ABloom's Taxonomy: Application/AnalysisSection: 2.347) When the atoms involved in a covalent bond have the same electronegativity, what type ofbond results?A) an ionic bondB) a hydrogen bondC) a nonpolar covalent bondD) a polar covalent bondAnswer: CBloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/ComprehensionSection: 2.3

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