1 Of the people pictured, who is credited with founding psychology as an
experimental science when he/she opened the first psychology research laboratory
in 1879?
 a Incorrect
 b (True Answer )Correct
 c Incorrect
 d Incorrect
2 Who is this person and for what is he famous in the early history
of psychology?
 British-born, American psychologist Edward B. Titchener
who founded structuralism, the first major school in
psychology Incorrect
 Francis C. Sumner, the American psychologist who chaired
Howard University's psychology department and was the first
African American to receive a doctorate in
psychology Incorrect
 G. Stanley Hall, the American psychologist who established
the first psychology research laboratory in the United States and
founded the American Psychological Association Incorrect
 German physiologist Wilhelm Wundt, who established the
first psychology research laboratory (True Answer )Correct
3 Which of the individuals pictured studied with Wilhelm Wundt in Germany
and founded the early school of psychology called structuralism?

 a (True Answer )Correct
 b Incorrect
 c Incorrect
 d Incorrect
4 Who is this person and for what is he famous in the early history
of psychology?
 John B. Watson, the American psychologist who founded
behaviorism, emphasizing the study of observable behavior and
rejecting the study of mental processes Incorrect
 Austrian physician Sigmund Freud, founder of an early school
of psychological thought called psychoanalysis Incorrect
 Harvard professor William James, the author of Principles of
Psychology (True Answer )Correct
 English naturalist and scientist Charles Darwin, whose theory
of evolution through natural selection was published in On the
Origin of Species Incorrect
5 It took him over ten years to write Principles of Psychology, which had to be
published in two volumes because it was over 1,400 pages long. Which of the
individuals pictured was the author of Principles of Psychology?

 a Incorrect
 b Incorrect
 c (True Answer )Correct
 d Incorrect
6 Which of the individuals pictured wrote On the Origin of Species, a book that
provided a compelling account of evolution through the mechanism of natural
selection?
 a Incorrect
 b Incorrect
 c (True Answer )Correct
 d Incorrect
7 One of the individuals pictured studied under William James at Harvard
University and completed all the coursework requirements for a Ph.D. degree in
psychology, yet was denied that degree. Who was that person?

 a Incorrect
 b Incorrect
 c Incorrect
 d (True Answer )Correct
8 Which of the following statements is one of the reasons that this
person is famous in the early history of psychology?
 She was the first African American to earn a Ph.D. in
psychology. Incorrect
 She was the first woman to become president of the American
Psychological Association. (True Answer )Correct
 She was the first woman to earn a doctorate in psychology in
the United States and published an influential text in 1908 titled
The Animal Mind. Incorrect
 She was a key figure in establishing humanistic psychology
and developed an influential theory of motivation. Incorrect
9 Which of the following statements is one of the reasons that this
person is famous in the early history of psychology?

 She is Margaret Floy Washburn, the first woman to earn a
doctorate in psychology. (True Answer )Correct
 She is Renee Descartes, who is famous for proposing a
doctrine called interactive dualism, which stated that the mind
and body were separate entities that interact to produce
conscious experiences. Incorrect
 She is comparative psychologist Rebecca Snyder, who is
famous for her research on giant pandas. Incorrect
 She is Mary Whiton Calkins, who became the first female
president of the American Psychological Association. Incorrect
10 Among this person's notable achievements were establishing the first psychology
research laboratory in the United States and founding the American
Psychological Association. Who was this individual?
 a Incorrect
 b Incorrect
 c Incorrect
 d (True Answer )Correct
11 This individual is _____ and is he best known for _____.

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 Charles Darwin; writing On the Origin of Species and whose
theory had a profound influence on the development of
psychology Incorrect
 Edward B. Titchener; becoming the first African American
president of Cornell University Incorrect
 Abraham Maslow; founding and developing humanistic
psychology Incorrect
 Francis C. Sumner; studying under G. Stanley Hall and being
the first African American to earn a Ph.D. in psychology (True
Answer )Correct
12 One of the individuals pictured wrote a textbook titled The Animal Mind and
advocated the scientific study of the mental processes of different animal species.
Who was that person?
 a Incorrect
 b Incorrect
 c Incorrect
 d (True Answer )Correct
13 Who is this person, and for what is he famous in the early
history of psychology?

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 G. Stanley Hall, who helped organize psychology in the United
States and founded the American Psychological
Association Incorrect
 Carl Maslow, the American psychologist who founded
humanistic psychology Incorrect
 B. F. Skinner, American psychologist and leading proponent
of behaviorism Incorrect
 Sigmund Freud, the Austrian physician who developed a
theory of personality called psychoanalysis (True Answer
)Correct
14 Three of the individuals pictured played key roles in establishing the approach to
psychology called behaviorism. Which person was NOT involved in establishing
behaviorism?
 a Incorrect
 b Incorrect
 c Incorrect
 d (True Answer )Correct
15 Which of the following is the correct combination of names?

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 1 = Freud, 2 = Sumner, 3 = Calkins Incorrect
 1 = James, 2 = Wundt, 3 = Watson (True Answer )Correct
 1 = Titchener, 2 = Washburn, 3 = Sumner Incorrect
 1 = James, 2 = Washburn, 3 = Skinner Incorrect
1
6
Identify the person who said: ―Behaviorism, on the contrary, holds that the subject
matter of human psychology is the behavior of the human being. Behaviorism claims
that consciousness is neither a definite nor a usable concept. The behaviorist, who
has been trained always as an experimentalist, holds, further, that belief in the
existence of consciousness goes back to the ancient days of superstition and magic.‖
a. b. c. d.
 a (True Answer )Correct
 b Incorrect
 c Incorrect
 d Incorrect
1
7
One of the individuals pictured played a key role in establishing the approach
called humanistic psychology, which emphasized each person's unique potential for
psychological growth and self-direction. Who was that person?

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 comparative psychologist Rebecca Snyder studying the
behavior of giant pandas (True Answer )Correct
 American psychologist Mary Whiton Calkins conducting
research on memory and personality in her laboratory at
Wellesley College Incorrect
 comparative psychologist Margaret Floy Washburn recording
the behavior and mental processes of non-human
animals Incorrect
 American psychologist Francis C. Sumner conducting
research on the negative effects of discrimination in her
laboratory at Howard University Incorrect
20 Professor Lewis studies the history of psychology. She would
most likely agree with which of the following statements about
psychology's early history?
 From its inception, psychology has always focused on the
study of people who exhibit unusual behaviors or suffer from
psychological disorders. Incorrect
 Early psychologists disagreed about many issues including
which methods psychologists should use and what kinds of
behavior psychologists should study. (True Answer )Correct

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animals. Incorrect
 study of the cause and treatment of mental illness. Incorrect
 study of behavior and mental processes. (True Answer
)Correct
 investigation of unconscious mental processes. Incorrect
22 Which famous Greek philosopher wrote extensively about
psychological topics such as sleep and dreaming, the senses,
memory, and learning?
 Aristotle (True Answer )Correct
 Descartes Incorrect
 Calkins Incorrect
 James Incorrect
23 In thinking about psychology and consciousness, the idea that

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conscious experiences. (True Answer )Correct
 people with very diverse qualities and beliefs are most likely to
be attracted to each other. Incorrect
26 Which of the following statements is TRUE?
 The Greek philosopher Aristotle first defined psychology as
the ―scientific study of behavior and mental
processes.‖ Incorrect
 In contemporary psychology, the nature–nurture issue
explores the influence of hereditary versus environmental
factors on behavior. (True Answer )Correct
 The mind-body issue has now been settled and psychologists
no longer explore the relationship between mental activity and
the brain. Incorrect
 The principle of interactive dualism was formulated by
Aristotle more than 2,000 years ago. Incorrect
27 For centuries, philosophers debated which was more important:
the inborn

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30 Physiology is:
 a branch of biology that studies the functions and parts of
living organisms, including humans. (True Answer )Correct
 the idea that mind and body are separate entities. Incorrect
 the first major school of thought in psychology. Incorrect
 sometimes referred to as the ―third force‖ in American
psychology. Incorrect
31 How did physiology contribute to the emergence of psychology
as a separate scientific discipline?
 In defining the boundaries of their science, physiologists
rejected the study of mental processes and behavior. Incorrect
 Physiologists in the late nineteenth century proposed that
psychology should be a separate subdiscipline of
philosophy. Incorrect
 Physiologists demonstrated that scientific methods could be
applied to understanding human behavior and mental
processes. (True Answer )Correct

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processes. Incorrect
 was an Austrian physician who founded the psychoanalytic
school of psychology. Incorrect
34 Wilhelm Wundt outlined the connections between physiology
and psychology in:
 his famous textbook titled Principles of Physiological
Psychology, published in 1874. (True Answer )Correct
 a series of famous lectures at Clark University in
1909. Incorrect
 a public debate with William James at Harvard
University. Incorrect
 his famous book Principles of Psychology, published in two
volumes in 1890. Incorrect
35 Which of the following events do most historians consider to
mark the formal beginning of psychology as a scientific

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38 At which university was the very first psychology research
laboratory established?
 Johns Hopkins University Incorrect
 Harvard University Incorrect
 University of Leipzig (True Answer )Correct
 Cornell University Incorrect
39 Which of the following was the first ―school‖ of thought or
approach in psychology?
 structuralism (True Answer )Correct
 functionalism Incorrect
 behaviorism Incorrect


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 humanism. Incorrect
 behaviorism. Incorrect
 functionalism. Incorrect
 structuralism. (True Answer )Correct
44 You are a subject in an experiment you are told: ―Look at this
apple very carefully and tell me your exact sensations and
feelings as you experience them.‖ The experimenter in this study
probably believes in what school of psychology?
 psychoanalysis Incorrect
 functionalism Incorrect
 structuralism (True Answer )Correct
 behaviorism Incorrect
45

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48 Which of the early schools of psychology was the first to
disappear?
 psychoanalysis Incorrect
 functionalism Incorrect
 behaviorism Incorrect
 structuralism (True Answer )Correct
49 What was NOT a criticism of introspection as a technique?
 It was an unreliable method since different participants often
provided different reports about the same stimulus. Incorrect
 There was too great an emphasis on the physiological
mechanisms that made the technique work so effectively. (True
Answer )Correct
 Introspection could not be used to study children or
animals. Incorrect

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 structuralism Incorrect
 behaviorism Incorrect
 psychoanalysis Incorrect
 functionalism (True Answer )Correct
58 Which school of psychology would agree that ―psychology
should stress the study of how behavior and mental processes
allow people and animals to adapt to their environments‖?
 structuralism Incorrect
 behaviorism Incorrect
 functionalism (True Answer )Correct
 psychoanalysis Incorrect
59 Both

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Test Bank for Psychology, 6th Edition

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