Test Bank For Social Psychology, 11th Edition

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01Student: ___________________________________________________________________________1.Social psychology is defined as the scientific study of how peopleA. motivate, persuade, and hurt one another.B. think about, influence, and relate to one another.C. manipulate, use, and betray one another.D. conform, help, and form attitudes about one another.2.The attributions a person makes for his or her spouse's acid remark depends upon the happiness of themarriage. What concept does this portray?A. Social behavior is a function of what we believe.B. Social behavior is a function of the objective situation.C. Social behavior is a function of how a situation is construed.D. Social behavior is a function of both the objective situation and how it is construed.3.Imagine you are approached by a large dog. You assume the dog is unfriendly, so you start screaming atit to go away. The dog assumes you want to hurt it, so it defends itself by biting your ankle. This is anexample of aA. self-fulfilling belief.B. self-defacing belief.C. self-defense belief.D. self-worth belief.4.Which of the following topics is NOT an example of what social psychologists study?A. loveB. conformityC. intelligenceD. attitudes5.According to the text, social psychology is a(n) _____ science, and one that only began to emerge as avibrant field after _____.A. young; the 1960sB. young; World War IIC. old; the 1930sD. old; the turn of the century6.The best statement about objective reality isA. that it exists.B. that it does not exist.C. that we can all agree on an objective reality.D. that reality is filtered by our values and beliefs.7.According to Myers' discussion of intuition, which statement is TRUE?A. Our intuitions about ourselves are usually true.B. Intuitions are carefully considered beliefs.C. Intuition is both powerful and perilous.D. Intuition is not important.8.Which of the following is an example of how our attitudes and behaviors are shaped by external socialforces?A. Our personality disposition affects our choices.B. Our inherited human nature predisposes us to react in certain ways.C. Our political attitudes influence our voting behavior.D. Our standards regarding promptness, beauty, and equality vary with our culture.

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9.Which of the following is FALSE?A. Social psychologists use experimentation more than sociologists.B. Social psychologists focus less on individual differences than personality psychologists.C. Sociologists focus more on groups than social psychologists.D. Personality psychologists use experimentation more than social psychologists.10. When explaining topics such as dating and mating, evolutionary psychologists consider how naturalselection mightA. predispose our attitudes.B. change our attitudes.C. account for similarities in our attitudes.D. reinforce our attitudes.11. Those who consider under-the-skin (i.e., biological) and between the skins (i.e., social) influences ontopics such as love and hate are referred to asA. social biologists.B. social neuroscientists.C. social sociologists.D. social anthropologists.12. Myers points out that our social behavior is shaped byA. our intelligence and learning.B. our personal preferences.C. how we were nurtured by our parents.D. other people, our attitudes and personality, and our biology.13. What is NOT true about how values affect social psychology?A. Values influence the topics that are researched.B. The values that people hold influence those entering the field of study.C. Social psychology research shows us what to value.D. Social psychologists are very interested in studying values.14. Social representations areA. value commitments within a culture.B. intuitive ideas that prove to be true.C. socially shared beliefs, including our assumptions and cultural ideologies.D. stereotypes that are rooted in racism rather than in reality.15. According to the text, values enter the work of social psychology when researchersA. collect data for their studies.B. present the results of their studies.C. summarize their studies.D. choose the topics of their studies.16. Hastorf and Cantril (1954) found that Princeton students identified twice as many Dartmouth violationsas Dartmouth students did when each watched the game. This emphasizesA. humans' tendency to prejudge reality based on expectations.B. humans' inability to be objective when watching sports.C. football players' brutality.D. that humans are objective when watching sports.17. The enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, and traditions shared by a large group of people and transmittedfrom one generation to the next is referred to asA. nationality.B. race.C. social representations.D. culture.

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18. Socially shared beliefs are widely held ideas and values, which include our assumptions and culturalideologies. This is a definition ofA. nationality.B. race.C. social representations.D. culture.19. Myers discusses how Maslow's description of "self-actualized" people was based on a sample hepersonally selected. Had he selected other people to describe, his ensuing list of self-actualizationcharacterizations may have been different. This is an example of how values can influenceA. data.B. results.C. concepts.D. methodology.20. You ask your academic advisor what to major in, as you can't seem to decide. She suggests psychology;however, it is important to remember that this answer likely reflects herA. training.B. education.C. belief that you would make a good psychologist.D. values.21. Whether we label a woman as "ambitious" or "aggressive" is a reflection of ourA. gender.B. values.C. culture.D. age.22. Your decision to call someone a "terrorist" rather than a "freedom fighter" depends on your view of thecause. This is an example of how values can influence not only social psychology, but alsoA. emotions.B. actions.C. intuitions.D. everyday language.23. Another name for the "I-knew-it-all-along phenomenon" is theA. retrospective bias.B. information bias.C. prediction bias.D. hindsight bias.24. When asked who you think will win the next presidential election, you reply that you do not know.However, after the election results are reported, you claim that it was obvious all along. This is anexample of theA. retrospective bias.B. information bias.C. prediction bias.D. hindsight bias.25. The difficult 2008 world financial crisis due to lack of regulations and safeguards seems obvious now.This is an example ofA. information bias.B. hindsight bias.C. prediction bias.D. retrospective bias.

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26. Theories help social psychologists _____ their observations and _____ their hypotheses.A. test; organizeB. organize; testC. objectify; refuteD. refute; objectify27. A theoryA. is an agreed-upon statement.B. summarizes and explains facts.C. cannot be tested.D. is less than fact.28. A _____ is an integrated set of principles that can explain and predict observed events.A. theoryB. hypothesisC. factD. correlation29. The difference between facts and theories is thatA. facts explain theories.B. theories explain facts.C. facts are ideas.D. theories are statements.30. A testable proposition that describes a relationship which may exist between events is aA. statement.B. bias.C. correlation.D. hypothesis.31. Which one of the following is one of the purposes of a hypothesis according to the text?A. Hypotheses allow us to test a theory.B. Hypotheses provide explanations for research results.C. Hypotheses prove theories.D. Hypotheses communicate the results of research studies.32. The analogy used in the text to describe what happens when old theories are discarded employs adiscussion of howA. old cars are kept as antiques.B. old cars are replaced by newer and better models.C. new cars are often not built as well as older models.D. new cars are frequently more fuel efficient than older models.33. Research done in natural, real-life settings outside the laboratory is referred to asA. correlational research.B. experimental research.C. laboratory research.D. field research.34. Asking students to come to a laboratory at 3 p.m. in order to participate in a study on university students'usage of cellular phones is an example of what type of research?A. correlational researchB. experimental researchC. laboratory researchD. field research

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35. Standing in the campus courtyard with a clipboard to record your observations of university students'usage of cellular phones is an example of what type of research?A. correlational researchB. experimental researchC. laboratory researchD. field research36. The study of naturally occurring relationships among variables is referred to asA. correlational research.B. experimental research.C. laboratory research.D. field research.37. In order to determine whether or not changing one variable (such as education) will produce changes inanother (such as income), one needs to conduct _______ research.A. surveyB. correlationalC. experimentalD. statistical38. Studies that seek clues to cause-effect relationships by manipulating one or more factors while controllingothers describes what type of research?A. correlational researchB. experimental researchC. laboratory researchD. field research39. A psychiatrist tells you that she is interested in determining if the condition of individuals who areclinically depressed improves with either 20 or 40 milligrams of Prozac. She decides to administer 20milligrams to a random half of her clients, and 40 milligrams to the other half. She finds that after sixmonths, the clients who took 40 milligrams of Prozac are significantly less depressed than those clientswho took 20 milligrams of Prozac. Which type of study did the psychiatrist conduct?A. correlational researchB. experimental researchC. controlled researchD. hypothetical research40. You've noticed that as the temperature drops outside, you see more students wearing sweaters and heavycoats. Your observation is most similar toA. correlational research.B. experimental research.C. controlled research.D. hypothetical research.41. Variable X is correlated with Variable Y. Which of the following could explain this correlation?A. X causes Y.B. Y causes X.C. A third variable causes or influences both X and Y.D. All of these are possible explanations.42. You are interested in finding out the effect that crowding has on people's moods. You conduct a study ina psychology research lab using two types of participants - participants who have to wait in a crowdedwaiting room before completing a measure of their mood, and participants who wait in an empty roombefore completing the same measure. Which type of research did you conduct?A. correlational researchB. experimental researchC. laboratory researchD. both experimental and laboratory research

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43. Your psychology professor tells you that she is collecting data on the amount that students study and theirgrades (i.e., she is asking each student to report how many hours he/she studies each week, so that she candetermine if there is a relationship between hours spent studying and grades). Which type of research isthis?A. correlational researchB. experimental researchC. controlled researchD. hypothetical research44. Which of the following is a disadvantage of correlational research?A. It involves important variables in natural settings.B. It provides ambiguous interpretations of causes and effects.C. It assists in reading newspapers and magazines.D. It takes place in a laboratory.45. The study by Carroll, Smith, and Bennett (1994) that is described in the text examined the link betweensocioeconomic status and health using grave markers. Which type of research was this?A. correlational researchB. experimental researchC. controlled researchD. hypothetical research46. Carroll, Smith, and Bennett (1994) found that the height of graveyard markers in a Glasgow cemeterywas positively correlated withA. gender.B. race.C. affluence.D. longevity.47. According to the text, the postal code areas of Scotland that have the least overcrowding and the leastamount of unemployment also have theA. greatest longevity.B. least longevity.C. greatest loneliness.D. least loneliness.48. According to the text, studies have shown that in Britain, occupational status is _____ correlated withlongevity.A. positivelyB. negativelyC. inverselyD. not49. A serious shortcoming of a correlational study is that it cannotA. predict one variable from another.B. determine when there is a lack of a relationship between two variables.C. identify which variable causes the other variable.D. show relationships between naturally occurring factors.50. Myers' discussion of the relationship between self-esteem and academic achievement concludes thatA. self-esteem causes academic achievement.B. academic achievement causes self-esteem.C. both self-esteem and academic achievement are likely caused by a third variable.D. None of the above

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51. Correlational research allows us toA. infer cause and effect.B. make predictions.C. uncover independent variables.D. control variables.52. Time-lagged correlations, according to the text, are an advanced correlational technique that can revealthe _______ variables or events, such as achievement and self-esteem.A. relationship betweenB. differences betweenC. sequence ofD. confounding53. Myers argues that the major strength of correlational research is theA. cause-effect sequencing of events.B. ambiguity of the results.C. ability to extract the influence of confounded variables.D. fact that it occurs in real-world settings.54. A sample in which every person in the population being studied has an equal chance of inclusion is calleda _____ sample.A. mixedB. diverseC. fairD. random55. To get information from a survey that you can generalize to the whole country, you will need to getinformation from _____ people.A. 150B. 1,200C. 5,000D. 10,00056. The major purpose of random assignment in an experiment is toA. maximize the differences between groups.B. minimize the differences between groups.C. control the independent variable.D. control the dependent variable.57. An important factor in survey research is how closely the sample reflects the population under study. Thisis referred to as sampleA. fairness.B. strategy.C. size.D. representativeness.58. Suppose you ask all the students who are failing a class if they believe the course is too difficult, and youfind that they indeed think it is. Although you have conducted a basic survey, the results of it are limitedbecause of your sampleA. fairness.B. strategy.C. size.D. representativeness.

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59. If you ask conservative, liberal, independent, and green party voters their opinions of political candidates,rather than just conservative voters, you are attempting to ensure that your sample isA. fair.B. large enough.C. representative.D. random.60. Ann Landers' 1984 survey of women readers' opinions about romantic affection and sex was probablyA. not valid because it did not include men.B. flawed because it was not representative of the population.C. worthless because the sample size was too small.D. as valid and informative as other more "scientific" surveys.61. In 1936, the news magazineLiterary Digestobtained the opinions of over two million Americansregarding the presidential election. The results suggested that Landon would win in a landslide overFranklin D. Roosevelt. A few weeks later, FDR won in a landslide. The results of the survey were notvalid, and this was due toA. a lack of random assignment.B. a sampling bias.C. poor wording of questions' variables.D. a lack of experimental control.62. There is an example discussed in the text about how the meat lobby rejected a new U.S. food labeling lawthat required declaring meat as "30 percent fat" rather than "70 percent lean, 30 percent fat." This is anexample of how ____ may influence human decisions and expressed opinions.A. framing of questionsB. order of questionsC. wording of questionsD. response options63. Research on the wording of survey questions suggests thatA. how questions are framed can influence how they are answered.B. how questions are framed has very little influence on how they are answered.C. wording is an unimportant element of survey research.D. framing the questions differently will not influence the results.64. Research indicates that survey results often depend on theA. number of questions asked.B. gender of the surveyor.C. gender of the respondent.D. wording and order of the questions.65. If you wanted more people to donate organs upon their death, you wouldA. put nothing on their drivers' license about organ donation.B. give a default option of ‘yes' and a space to check to "opt out."C. give a default option of ‘no' and a space to check to donate.D. give them a ‘yes' or ‘no' choice to check.66. The experimental factor that a researcher manipulates in a study is called the ______ variable.A. controlB. independentC. dependentD. correlational

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67. A study of _____ women, by Gortmaker and colleagues (1993), found that these women were less likelyto be married and less likely to earn high salaries than women in a comparison group.A. racial minorityB. sexual minorityC. obeseD. disabled68. The finding that obese women earned lower salaries than women in a non-obese comparison group wasthe result of which type of research study?A. experimentalB. correlationalC. laboratoryD. field69. As a result of random assignment, the people in both groups of an experimentA. differ in important ways.B. do not know which group they are in.C. are less likely to be alike.D. are more likely to be about the same in every way.70. In Snyder and Haugen's research on obesity and social status (1994; 1995), male students were shown apicture of a normal or obese woman before having a conversation with a female student. In this study, theindependent variable was theA. normal or overweight woman's picture.B. social skills of the woman being interviewed.C. conversation topic chosen by the students.D. status of the male student.71. In Snyder and Haugen's research on obesity and social status (1994; 1995), male students were shown apicture of a normal or obese woman before having a conversation with a female student. In this study, thedependent variable was theA. woman's side of the conversation.B. man's response to the woman.C. man's response to the picture.D. woman's weight status.72. In Boyatzis' (1995) study of the influence television has on aggressive behavior in children, the resultsindicated that the viewers ofPower Rangerscommitted ____ aggressive acts per two-minute intervalcompared to those children who did not watch this program.A. slightly lessB. significantly moreC. about the same number ofD. significantly less73. The results of Boyatzis' (1995) research indicated that _____ can be one cause of children's aggressivebehavior.A. sugar consumptionB. poor impulse controlC. lack of parental guidanceD. television viewing74. Which of the following was the dependent variable in Boyatzis' (1995) research study on the effects oftelevision viewing on children?A. lying to parentsB. aggressive behaviorC. poor academic performanceD. early sexual promiscuity

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75. Which of the following was the independent variable in Boyatzis' (1995) research study on the effects oftelevision viewing on children?A. aggressive behaviorB. poor academic performanceC. television viewingD. early sexual promiscuity76. The variable being measured in an experiment, so called because it may depend on manipulations ofanother variable, is called the ______ variable.A. experimentalB. controlC. independentD. dependent77. An experimenter exposed participants to different room temperatures to determine their effects onaggression. Aggression was theA. independent variable.B. dependent variable.C. control variable.D. confounding variable.78. An experimenter exposed participants to different room temperatures to determine their effects onaggression. The room temperatures were theA. independent variable.B. dependent variable.C. control variable.D. confounding variable.79. Two essential ingredients in a social-psychological experiment areA. deception and payment for participation.B. the use of surveys and the use of deception.C. framing and biases.D. control and random assignment.80. The process of assigning participants to the conditions of an experiment such that all persons have thesame chance of being in a given condition is referred to asA. random sampling.B. random assignment.C. random surveying.D. representativeness.81. Putting participants in one of two conditions by flipping a coin illustratesA. random sampling.B. sampling bias.C. random assignment.D. representative sampling.82. Random sampling helps researchers _______, while random assignment helps researchers _______.A. who are conducting correlations; who are conducting surveysB. infer cause and effect; generalize to a populationC. generalize to a population; infer cause and effectD. determine cause and effect; develop correlations83. _____ helps researchers generalize to a population.A. Random samplingB. Random assignmentC. Random surveyingD. Informed consent

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84. You conduct a study that examines the role of exercise on depression alleviation. You assign the first 50people who are motivated to sign up to the experimental group, and the second group of 50 people, whosign up much later, to the control group. After one month, you find that the experimental group (whoexercised three times a week on average) is significantly less depressed than the control group (whoexercised one time a week on average). Although you may be tempted to conclude that exercise helpsstave off depression, you cannot because of a lack of ____ in your study.A. random samplingB. random assignmentC. random surveyingD. objectivity85. The degree to which an experiment is superficially similar to everyday situations refers toA. realistic experimentation.B. televised reality.C. mundane realism.D. experimental realism.86. The degree to which an experiment absorbs and involves its participants in real psychological processesrefers toA. realistic experimentation.B. televised reality.C. mundane realism.D. experimental realism.87. According to the text, _______ realism is not as important in social psychological research as _______realism is.A. mundane; experimentalB. social; psychologicalC. experimental; mundaneD. psychological; social88. The use of deception in social-psychological research occurs when the researchers require _____ in theirstudy.A. realistic experimentationB. televised realityC. mundane realismD. experimental realism89. You are participating in a social-psychological research experiment, and the researcher reads theinstructions to you and the other participants so that each of you hears exactly the same instructions. Bystandardizing the instructions, the researcher is attempting to control theA. dependent variable.B. experimental outcome.C. demand characteristics.D. framing effect.90. _____ occur(s) in research when participants are misinformed or misled about the method and purposesof the study.A. Nonrandom samplingB. Nonrandom assignmentC. DeceptionD. Demand characteristics91. The cues in an experiment that tell the participants what behavior is expected are calledA. subliminal messages.B. demand characteristics.C. deception tactics.D. confounding variables.

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92. When participating in a psychology research experiment, you are told that the purpose of the study is tofind out if tall people are more prejudiced than short people. Because you want to behave accordingly,you agree with questions on a survey of prejudice more so than you would otherwise. Your behavior inthis study is a result ofA. your true attitudes.B. your repressed attitudes.C. the demand characteristics of the experiment.D. the sampling method of the experiment.93. You are participating in a psychology research experiment and the researcher invites you to return afterthe experiment to learn more about it and to explore your feelings about it. This is calledA. informed consent.B. debriefing.C. demand characterization.D. experiment framing.94. _____ is an ethical principle requiring that research participants be told enough to enable them to choosewhether they wish to participate.A. A demand characteristicB. DeceptionC. Mundane realismD. Informed consent95. A major requirement of the ethical principles of social-psychological research is that the researcherA. use random sampling and assignment.B. protect participants from harm and significant discomfort.C. refrain from using any deception in the research design.D. ensure that all participants know what is expected of them.96. Deception in an experiment isA. unethical.B. always required.C. used only if it is essential and justified.D. useful in affecting subjects' willingness to participate.97. Regarding social-psychological research, Myers warns that we must be cautious aboutA. the use of random assignment.B. inferring cause and effect from experiments.C. the types of subjects used.D. generalizing from the laboratory to life.98. You have just participated in a research study that required you to choose which picture you preferredamong several pairs. At the end of the study, the researcher explained that she was trying to identifycorrelations between age, gender, and racial groups when making preferences. The researcher's disclosingof the true purpose of the study is part of the ____ process.A. debriefingB. deceptionC. informed consentD. experimental honesty99. Experimental laboratory research findings in social psychologyA. can be generalized to everyday life.B. are specific to the research only.C. can't ever be generalized to everyday life.D. should cautiously be generalized to everyday life.

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100.Good theories do all of the following exceptA. summarize observations.B. make predictions that prove theories.C. make predictions that generate new research projects.D. suggest practical applications.101.Describe how behavior in this class is influenced by our social culture.102.Describe the hindsight bias and explain how it could influence how much the typical student prepares fora social psychology exam.103.Discuss the evidence regarding the role of self-esteem in academic achievement.104.Review the research on factors that may alter the results one acquires from survey research. Includeissues related to samples, wording of questions, and order of responses to questions.105.Compare and contrast correlational and experimental research. Be sure to address the strengths andweaknesses of each approach.

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106.Provide an example of an experimental research study on studying and grades. Be sure to indicate whatthe independent and dependent variables are.107.Distinguish between random sampling and random assignment. Provide an example of each.108.Provide an example of a demand characteristic that could unintentionally alter the results of anexperimental research study.109.Explain the ethical requirements of social-psychological researchers.110.Explain how values can affect the study of social psychology.

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01 Key1.(p. 4)Social psychology is defined as the scientific study of how peopleA. motivate, persuade, and hurt one another.B.think about, influence, and relate to one another.C. manipulate, use, and betray one another.D. conform, help, and form attitudes about one another.Bloom's Taxonomy: KnowledgeDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Goals: Define social psychology and explain what it does.Myers - Chapter 01 #12.(p. 4)The attributions a person makes for his or her spouse's acid remark depends upon the happiness of themarriage. What concept does this portray?A. Social behavior is a function of what we believe.B. Social behavior is a function of the objective situation.C. Social behavior is a function of how a situation is construed.D.Social behavior is a function of both the objective situation and how it is construed.Bloom's Taxonomy: KnowledgeDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Goals: Define social psychology and explain what it does.Myers - Chapter 01 #23.(p. 4)Imagine you are approached by a large dog. You assume the dog is unfriendly, so you start screamingat it to go away. The dog assumes you want to hurt it, so it defends itself by biting your ankle. This isan example of aA.self-fulfilling belief.B. self-defacing belief.C. self-defense belief.D. self-worth belief.Bloom's Taxonomy: ApplicationDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Goals: Define social psychology and explain what it does.Myers - Chapter 01 #34.(p. 5)Which of the following topics is NOT an example of what social psychologists study?A. loveB. conformityC.intelligenceD. attitudesBloom's Taxonomy: ComprehensionDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Goals: Define social psychology and explain what it does.Myers - Chapter 01 #45.(p. 4)According to the text, social psychology is a(n) _____ science, and one that only began to emerge as avibrant field after _____.A. young; the 1960sB.young; World War IIC. old; the 1930sD. old; the turn of the centuryBloom's Taxonomy: KnowledgeDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Goals: Define social psychology and explain what it does.Myers - Chapter 01 #5

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6.(p. 6)The best statement about objective reality isA. that it exists.B. that it does not exist.C. that we can all agree on an objective reality.D.that reality is filtered by our values and beliefs.Bloom's Taxonomy: KnowledgeDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Goals: Identify and describe the central concepts behind social psychology.Myers - Chapter 01 #67.(p. 7)According to Myers' discussion of intuition, which statement is TRUE?A. Our intuitions about ourselves are usually true.B. Intuitions are carefully considered beliefs.C.Intuition is both powerful and perilous.D. Intuition is not important.Bloom's Taxonomy: KnowledgeDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Goals: Identify and describe the central concepts behind social psychology.Myers - Chapter 01 #78.(p. 8)Which of the following is an example of how our attitudes and behaviors are shaped by external socialforces?A. Our personality disposition affects our choices.B. Our inherited human nature predisposes us to react in certain ways.C. Our political attitudes influence our voting behavior.D.Our standards regarding promptness, beauty, and equality vary with our culture.Bloom's Taxonomy: ComprehensionDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Goals: Identify and describe the central concepts behind social psychology.Myers - Chapter 01 #89.(p. 4)Which of the following is FALSE?A. Social psychologists use experimentation more than sociologists.B. Social psychologists focus less on individual differences than personality psychologists.C. Sociologists focus more on groups than social psychologists.D.Personality psychologists use experimentation more than social psychologists.Bloom's Taxonomy: AnalysisDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Goals: Define social psychology and explain what it does.Myers - Chapter 01 #910.(p. 8)When explaining topics such as dating and mating, evolutionary psychologists consider how naturalselection mightA.predispose our attitudes.B. change our attitudes.C. account for similarities in our attitudes.D. reinforce our attitudes.Bloom's Taxonomy: KnowledgeDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Goals: Identify and describe the central concepts behind social psychology.Myers - Chapter 01 #1011.(p. 9)Those who consider under-the-skin (i.e., biological) and between the skins (i.e., social) influences ontopics such as love and hate are referred to asA. social biologists.B.social neuroscientists.C. social sociologists.D. social anthropologists.Bloom's Taxonomy: KnowledgeDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Goals: Identify and describe the central concepts behind social psychology.Myers - Chapter 01 #11

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12.(p. 9)Myers points out that our social behavior is shaped byA. our intelligence and learning.B. our personal preferences.C. how we were nurtured by our parents.D.other people, our attitudes and personality, and our biology.Bloom's Taxonomy: KnowledgeDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Goals: Identify and describe the central concepts behind social psychology.Myers - Chapter 01 #1213.(p. 10)What is NOT true about how values affect social psychology?A. Values influence the topics that are researched.B. The values that people hold influence those entering the field of study.C.Social psychology research shows us what to value.D. Social psychologists are very interested in studying values.Bloom's Taxonomy: KnowledgeDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Goals: Identify the ways that values penetrate the work of social psychologists.Myers - Chapter 01 #1314.(p. 11)Social representations areA. value commitments within a culture.B. intuitive ideas that prove to be true.C.socially shared beliefs, including our assumptions and cultural ideologies.D. stereotypes that are rooted in racism rather than in reality.Bloom's Taxonomy: KnowledgeDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Goals: Identify the ways that values penetrate the work of social psychologists.Myers - Chapter 01 #1415.(p. 10)According to the text, values enter the work of social psychology when researchersA. collect data for their studies.B. present the results of their studies.C. summarize their studies.D.choose the topics of their studies.Bloom's Taxonomy: KnowledgeDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Goals: Identify the ways that values penetrate the work of social psychologists.Myers - Chapter 01 #1516.(p. 5, 11)Hastorf and Cantril (1954) found that Princeton students identified twice as many Dartmouthviolations as Dartmouth students did when each watched the game. This emphasizesA.humans' tendency to prejudge reality based on expectations.B. humans' inability to be objective when watching sports.C. football players' brutality.D. that humans are objective when watching sports.Bloom's Taxonomy: KnowledgeDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Goals: Identify and describe the central concepts behind social psychology.Learning Goals: Identify the ways that values penetrate the work of social psychologists.Myers - Chapter 01 #1617.(p. 11)The enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, and traditions shared by a large group of people andtransmitted from one generation to the next is referred to asA. nationality.B. race.C. social representations.D.culture.Bloom's Taxonomy: KnowledgeDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Goals: Identify the ways that values penetrate the work of social psychologists.Myers - Chapter 01 #17

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18.(p. 11)Socially shared beliefs are widely held ideas and values, which include our assumptions and culturalideologies. This is a definition ofA. nationality.B. race.C.social representations.D. culture.Bloom's Taxonomy: KnowledgeDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Goals: Identify the ways that values penetrate the work of social psychologists.Myers - Chapter 01 #1819.(p. 12)Myers discusses how Maslow's description of "self-actualized" people was based on a sample hepersonally selected. Had he selected other people to describe, his ensuing list of self-actualizationcharacterizations may have been different. This is an example of how values can influenceA. data.B. results.C.concepts.D. methodology.Bloom's Taxonomy: KnowledgeDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Goals: Identify the ways that values penetrate the work of social psychologists.Myers - Chapter 01 #1920.(p. 12)You ask your academic advisor what to major in, as you can't seem to decide. She suggestspsychology; however, it is important to remember that this answer likely reflects herA. training.B. education.C. belief that you would make a good psychologist.D.values.Bloom's Taxonomy: ApplicationDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Goals: Identify the ways that values penetrate the work of social psychologists.Myers - Chapter 01 #2021.(p. 12)Whether we label a woman as "ambitious" or "aggressive" is a reflection of ourA. gender.B.values.C. culture.D. age.Bloom's Taxonomy: KnowledgeDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Goals: Identify the ways that values penetrate the work of social psychologists.Myers - Chapter 01 #2122.(p. 12)Your decision to call someone a "terrorist" rather than a "freedom fighter" depends on your view ofthe cause. This is an example of how values can influence not only social psychology, but alsoA. emotions.B. actions.C. intuitions.D.everyday language.Bloom's Taxonomy: KnowledgeDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Goals: Identify the ways that values penetrate the work of social psychologists.Myers - Chapter 01 #2223.(p. 14)Another name for the "I-knew-it-all-along phenomenon" is theA. retrospective bias.B. information bias.C. prediction bias.D.hindsight bias.Bloom's Taxonomy: KnowledgeDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Goals: Explore how social psychology's theories provide new insight into the human condition.Myers - Chapter 01 #23

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24.(p. 14)When asked who you think will win the next presidential election, you reply that you do not know.However, after the election results are reported, you claim that it was obvious all along. This is anexample of theA. retrospective bias.B. information bias.C. prediction bias.D.hindsight bias.Bloom's Taxonomy: KnowledgeDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Goals: Explore how social psychology's theories provide new insight into the human condition.Myers - Chapter 01 #2425.(p. 16)The difficult 2008 world financial crisis due to lack of regulations and safeguards seems obvious now.This is an example ofA. information bias.B.hindsight bias.C. prediction bias.D. retrospective bias.Bloom's Taxonomy: KnowledgeDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Goals: Explore how social psychology's theories provide new insight into the human condition.Myers - Chapter 01 #2526.(p. 17)Theories help social psychologists _____ their observations and _____ their hypotheses.A. test; organizeB.organize; testC. objectify; refuteD. refute; objectifyBloom's Taxonomy: KnowledgeDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Goals: Examine the methods that make social psychology a science.Myers - Chapter 01 #2627.(p. 17)A theoryA. is an agreed-upon statement.B.summarizes and explains facts.C. cannot be tested.D. is less than fact.Bloom's Taxonomy: KnowledgeDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Goals: Examine the methods that make social psychology a science.Myers - Chapter 01 #2728.(p. 17)A _____ is an integrated set of principles that can explain and predict observed events.A.theoryB. hypothesisC. factD. correlationBloom's Taxonomy: KnowledgeDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Goals: Examine the methods that make social psychology a science.Myers - Chapter 01 #2829.(p. 17)The difference between facts and theories is thatA. facts explain theories.B.theories explain facts.C. facts are ideas.D. theories are statements.Bloom's Taxonomy: KnowledgeDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Goals: Examine the methods that make social psychology a science.Myers - Chapter 01 #29

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30.(p. 17)A testable proposition that describes a relationship which may exist between events is aA. statement.B. bias.C. correlation.D.hypothesis.Bloom's Taxonomy: KnowledgeDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Goals: Examine the methods that make social psychology a science.Myers - Chapter 01 #3031.(p. 17)Which one of the following is one of the purposes of a hypothesis according to the text?A.Hypotheses allow us to test a theory.B. Hypotheses provide explanations for research results.C. Hypotheses prove theories.D. Hypotheses communicate the results of research studies.Bloom's Taxonomy: KnowledgeDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Goals: Examine the methods that make social psychology a science.Myers - Chapter 01 #3132.(p. 18)The analogy used in the text to describe what happens when old theories are discarded employs adiscussion of howA. old cars are kept as antiques.B.old cars are replaced by newer and better models.C. new cars are often not built as well as older models.D. new cars are frequently more fuel efficient than older models.Bloom's Taxonomy: KnowledgeDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Goals: Examine the methods that make social psychology a science.Myers - Chapter 01 #3233.(p. 18)Research done in natural, real-life settings outside the laboratory is referred to asA. correlational research.B. experimental research.C. laboratory research.D.field research.Bloom's Taxonomy: KnowledgeDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Goals: Examine the methods that make social psychology a science.Myers - Chapter 01 #3334.(p. 18)Asking students to come to a laboratory at 3 p.m. in order to participate in a study on universitystudents' usage of cellular phones is an example of what type of research?A. correlational researchB. experimental researchC.laboratory researchD. field researchBloom's Taxonomy: ComprehensionDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Goals: Examine the methods that make social psychology a science.Myers - Chapter 01 #3435.(p. 18)Standing in the campus courtyard with a clipboard to record your observations of university students'usage of cellular phones is an example of what type of research?A. correlational researchB. experimental researchC. laboratory researchD.field researchBloom's Taxonomy: ComprehensionDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Goals: Examine the methods that make social psychology a science.Myers - Chapter 01 #35

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36.(p. 18)The study of naturally occurring relationships among variables is referred to asA.correlational research.B. experimental research.C. laboratory research.D. field research.Bloom's Taxonomy: KnowledgeDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Goals: Examine the methods that make social psychology a science.Myers - Chapter 01 #3637.(p. 18)In order to determine whether or not changing one variable (such as education) will produce changesin another (such as income), one needs to conduct _______ research.A. surveyB. correlationalC.experimentalD. statisticalBloom's Taxonomy: KnowledgeDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Goals: Examine the methods that make social psychology a science.Myers - Chapter 01 #3738.(p. 18)Studies that seek clues to cause-effect relationships by manipulating one or more factors whilecontrolling others describes what type of research?A. correlational researchB.experimental researchC. laboratory researchD. field researchBloom's Taxonomy: KnowledgeDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Goals: Examine the methods that make social psychology a science.Myers - Chapter 01 #3839.(p. 18)A psychiatrist tells you that she is interested in determining if the condition of individuals who areclinically depressed improves with either 20 or 40 milligrams of Prozac. She decides to administer20 milligrams to a random half of her clients, and 40 milligrams to the other half. She finds that aftersix months, the clients who took 40 milligrams of Prozac are significantly less depressed than thoseclients who took 20 milligrams of Prozac. Which type of study did the psychiatrist conduct?A. correlational researchB.experimental researchC. controlled researchD. hypothetical researchBloom's Taxonomy: ComprehensionDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Goals: Examine the methods that make social psychology a science.Myers - Chapter 01 #3940.(p. 18-19)You've noticed that as the temperature drops outside, you see more students wearing sweaters andheavy coats. Your observation is most similar toA.correlational research.B. experimental research.C. controlled research.D. hypothetical research.Bloom's Taxonomy: ComprehensionDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Goals: Examine the methods that make social psychology a science.Myers - Chapter 01 #4041.(p. 18-19)Variable X is correlated with Variable Y. Which of the following could explain this correlation?A. X causes Y.B. Y causes X.C. A third variable causes or influences both X and Y.D.All of these are possible explanations.Bloom's Taxonomy: KnowledgeDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Goals: Examine the methods that make social psychology a science.Myers - Chapter 01 #41

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42.(p. 18)You are interested in finding out the effect that crowding has on people's moods. You conduct astudy in a psychology research lab using two types of participants - participants who have to wait ina crowded waiting room before completing a measure of their mood, and participants who wait in anempty room before completing the same measure. Which type of research did you conduct?A. correlational researchB. experimental researchC. laboratory researchD.both experimental and laboratory researchBloom's Taxonomy: ApplicationDifficulty Level: DifficultLearning Goals: Examine the methods that make social psychology a science.Myers - Chapter 01 #4243.(p. 19)Your psychology professor tells you that she is collecting data on the amount that students study andtheir grades (i.e., she is asking each student to report how many hours he/she studies each week, sothat she can determine if there is a relationship between hours spent studying and grades). Which typeof research is this?A.correlational researchB. experimental researchC. controlled researchD. hypothetical researchBloom's Taxonomy: ApplicationDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Goals: Examine the methods that make social psychology a science.Myers - Chapter 01 #4344.(p. 18)Which of the following is a disadvantage of correlational research?A. It involves important variables in natural settings.B.It provides ambiguous interpretations of causes and effects.C. It assists in reading newspapers and magazines.D. It takes place in a laboratory.Bloom's Taxonomy: KnowledgeDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Goals: Examine the methods that make social psychology a science.Myers - Chapter 01 #4445.(p. 18)The study by Carroll, Smith, and Bennett (1994) that is described in the text examined the linkbetween socioeconomic status and health using grave markers. Which type of research was this?A.correlational researchB. experimental researchC. controlled researchD. hypothetical researchBloom's Taxonomy: KnowledgeDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Goals: Examine the methods that make social psychology a science.Myers - Chapter 01 #4546.(p. 18)Carroll, Smith, and Bennett (1994) found that the height of graveyard markers in a Glasgow cemeterywas positively correlated withA. gender.B. race.C. affluence.D.longevity.Bloom's Taxonomy: KnowledgeDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Goals: Examine the methods that make social psychology a science.Myers - Chapter 01 #46

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47.(p. 18)According to the text, the postal code areas of Scotland that have the least overcrowding and the leastamount of unemployment also have theA.greatest longevity.B. least longevity.C. greatest loneliness.D. least loneliness.Bloom's Taxonomy: KnowledgeDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Goals: Examine the methods that make social psychology a science.Myers - Chapter 01 #4748.(p. 18)According to the text, studies have shown that in Britain, occupational status is _____ correlated withlongevity.A.positivelyB. negativelyC. inverselyD. notBloom's Taxonomy: SynthesisDifficulty Level: DifficultLearning Goals: Examine the methods that make social psychology a science.Myers - Chapter 01 #4849.(p. 18)A serious shortcoming of a correlational study is that it cannotA. predict one variable from another.B. determine when there is a lack of a relationship between two variables.C.identify which variable causes the other variable.D. show relationships between naturally occurring factors.Bloom's Taxonomy: ComprehensionDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Goals: Examine the methods that make social psychology a science.Myers - Chapter 01 #4950.(p. 19-20)Myers' discussion of the relationship between self-esteem and academic achievement concludesthatA. self-esteem causes academic achievement.B. academic achievement causes self-esteem.C.both self-esteem and academic achievement are likely caused by a third variable.D. None of the aboveBloom's Taxonomy: KnowledgeDifficulty Level: DifficultLearning Goals: Examine the methods that make social psychology a science.Myers - Chapter 01 #5051.(p. 19)Correlational research allows us toA. infer cause and effect.B.make predictions.C. uncover independent variables.D. control variables.Bloom's Taxonomy: KnowledgeDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Goals: Examine the methods that make social psychology a science.Myers - Chapter 01 #5152.(p. 20)Time-lagged correlations, according to the text, are an advanced correlational technique that canreveal the _______ variables or events, such as achievement and self-esteem.A. relationship betweenB. differences betweenC.sequence ofD. confoundingBloom's Taxonomy: KnowledgeDifficulty Level: DifficultLearning Goals: Examine the methods that make social psychology a science.Myers - Chapter 01 #52

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53.(p. 20)Myers argues that the major strength of correlational research is theA. cause-effect sequencing of events.B. ambiguity of the results.C. ability to extract the influence of confounded variables.D.fact that it occurs in real-world settings.Bloom's Taxonomy: ComprehensionDifficulty Level: DifficultLearning Goals: Examine the methods that make social psychology a science.Myers - Chapter 01 #5354.(p. 21)A sample in which every person in the population being studied has an equal chance of inclusion iscalled a _____ sample.A. mixedB. diverseC. fairD.randomBloom's Taxonomy: KnowledgeDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Goals: Examine the methods that make social psychology a science.Myers - Chapter 01 #5455.(p. 21)To get information from a survey that you can generalize to the whole country, you will need to getinformation from _____ people.A. 150B.1,200C. 5,000D. 10,000Bloom's Taxonomy: KnowledgeDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Goals: Examine the methods that make social psychology a science.Myers - Chapter 01 #5556.(p. 25-26)The major purpose of random assignment in an experiment is toA. maximize the differences between groups.B.minimize the differences between groups.C. control the independent variable.D. control the dependent variable.Bloom's Taxonomy: KnowledgeDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Goals: Examine the methods that make social psychology a science.Myers - Chapter 01 #5657.(p. 21)An important factor in survey research is how closely the sample reflects the population under study.This is referred to as sampleA. fairness.B. strategy.C. size.D.representativeness.Bloom's Taxonomy: KnowledgeDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Goals: Examine the methods that make social psychology a science.Myers - Chapter 01 #5758.(p. 21)Suppose you ask all the students who are failing a class if they believe the course is too difficult, andyou find that they indeed think it is. Although you have conducted a basic survey, the results of it arelimited because of your sampleA. fairness.B. strategy.C. size.D.representativeness.Bloom's Taxonomy: ApplicationDifficulty Level: DifficultLearning Goals: Examine the methods that make social psychology a science.Myers - Chapter 01 #58

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59.(p. 21)If you ask conservative, liberal, independent, and green party voters their opinions of politicalcandidates, rather than just conservative voters, you are attempting to ensure that your sample isA. fair.B. large enough.C.representative.D. random.Bloom's Taxonomy: ApplicationDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Goals: Examine the methods that make social psychology a science.Myers - Chapter 01 #5960.(p. 21)Ann Landers' 1984 survey of women readers' opinions about romantic affection and sex wasprobablyA. not valid because it did not include men.B.flawed because it was not representative of the population.C. worthless because the sample size was too small.D. as valid and informative as other more "scientific" surveys.Bloom's Taxonomy: KnowledgeDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Goals: Examine the methods that make social psychology a science.Myers - Chapter 01 #6061.(p. 22)In 1936, the news magazineLiterary Digestobtained the opinions of over two million Americansregarding the presidential election. The results suggested that Landon would win in a landslide overFranklin D. Roosevelt. A few weeks later, FDR won in a landslide. The results of the survey were notvalid, and this was due toA. a lack of random assignment.B.a sampling bias.C. poor wording of questions' variables.D. a lack of experimental control.Bloom's Taxonomy: KnowledgeDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Goals: Examine the methods that make social psychology a science.Myers - Chapter 01 #6162.(p. 23)There is an example discussed in the text about how the meat lobby rejected a new U.S. food labelinglaw that required declaring meat as "30 percent fat" rather than "70 percent lean, 30 percent fat." Thisis an example of how ____ may influence human decisions and expressed opinions.A.framing of questionsB. order of questionsC. wording of questionsD. response optionsBloom's Taxonomy: KnowledgeDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Goals: Examine the methods that make social psychology a science.Myers - Chapter 01 #6263.(p. 23)Research on the wording of survey questions suggests thatA.how questions are framed can influence how they are answered.B. how questions are framed has very little influence on how they are answered.C. wording is an unimportant element of survey research.D. framing the questions differently will not influence the results.Bloom's Taxonomy: KnowledgeDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Goals: Examine the methods that make social psychology a science.Myers - Chapter 01 #6364.(p. 23)Research indicates that survey results often depend on theA. number of questions asked.B. gender of the surveyor.C. gender of the respondent.D.wording and order of the questions.Bloom's Taxonomy: KnowledgeDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Goals: Examine the methods that make social psychology a science.Myers - Chapter 01 #64

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65.(p. 23)If you wanted more people to donate organs upon their death, you wouldA. put nothing on their drivers' license about organ donation.B.give a default option of ‘yes' and a space to check to "opt out."C. give a default option of ‘no' and a space to check to donate.D. give them a ‘yes' or ‘no' choice to check.Bloom's Taxonomy: KnowledgeDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Goals: Examine the methods that make social psychology a science.Myers - Chapter 01 #6566.(p. 24)The experimental factor that a researcher manipulates in a study is called the ______ variable.A. controlB.independentC. dependentD. correlationalBloom's Taxonomy: KnowledgeDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Goals: Examine the methods that make social psychology a science.Myers - Chapter 01 #6667.(p. 24)A study of _____ women, by Gortmaker and colleagues (1993), found that these women were lesslikely to be married and less likely to earn high salaries than women in a comparison group.A. racial minorityB. sexual minorityC.obeseD. disabledBloom's Taxonomy: KnowledgeDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Goals: Examine the methods that make social psychology a science.Myers - Chapter 01 #6768.(p. 24)The finding that obese women earned lower salaries than women in a non-obese comparison groupwas the result of which type of research study?A. experimentalB.correlationalC. laboratoryD. fieldBloom's Taxonomy: KnowledgeDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Goals: Examine the methods that make social psychology a science.Myers - Chapter 01 #6869.(p. 26)As a result of random assignment, the people in both groups of an experimentA. differ in important ways.B. do not know which group they are in.C. are less likely to be alike.D.are more likely to be about the same in every way.Bloom's Taxonomy: KnowledgeDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Goals: Examine the methods that make social psychology a science.Myers - Chapter 01 #6970.(p. 24)In Snyder and Haugen's research on obesity and social status (1994; 1995), male students were showna picture of a normal or obese woman before having a conversation with a female student. In thisstudy, the independent variable was theA.normal or overweight woman's picture.B. social skills of the woman being interviewed.C. conversation topic chosen by the students.D. status of the male student.Bloom's Taxonomy: KnowledgeDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Goals: Examine the methods that make social psychology a science.Myers - Chapter 01 #70

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71.(p. 24)In Snyder and Haugen's research on obesity and social status (1994; 1995), male students were showna picture of a normal or obese woman before having a conversation with a female student. In thisstudy, the dependent variable was theA. woman's side of the conversation.B.man's response to the woman.C. man's response to the picture.D. woman's weight status.Bloom's Taxonomy: KnowledgeDifficulty Level: DifficultLearning Goals: Examine the methods that make social psychology a science.Myers - Chapter 01 #7172.(p. 24-25)In Boyatzis' (1995) study of the influence television has on aggressive behavior in children, the resultsindicated that the viewers ofPower Rangerscommitted ____ aggressive acts per two-minute intervalcompared to those children who did not watch this program.A. slightly lessB.significantly moreC. about the same number ofD. significantly lessBloom's Taxonomy: KnowledgeDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Goals: Examine the methods that make social psychology a science.Myers - Chapter 01 #7273.(p. 24-25)The results of Boyatzis' (1995) research indicated that _____ can be one cause of children's aggressivebehavior.A. sugar consumptionB. poor impulse controlC. lack of parental guidanceD.television viewingBloom's Taxonomy: KnowledgeDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Goals: Examine the methods that make social psychology a science.Myers - Chapter 01 #7374.(p. 24-25)Which of the following was the dependent variable in Boyatzis' (1995) research study on the effects oftelevision viewing on children?A. lying to parentsB.aggressive behaviorC. poor academic performanceD. early sexual promiscuityBloom's Taxonomy: KnowledgeDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Goals: Examine the methods that make social psychology a science.Myers - Chapter 01 #7475.(p. 24-25)Which of the following was the independent variable in Boyatzis' (1995) research study on the effectsof television viewing on children?A. aggressive behaviorB. poor academic performanceC.television viewingD. early sexual promiscuityBloom's Taxonomy: KnowledgeDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Goals: Examine the methods that make social psychology a science.Myers - Chapter 01 #75

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76.(p. 25)The variable being measured in an experiment, so called because it may depend on manipulations ofanother variable, is called the ______ variable.A. experimentalB. controlC. independentD.dependentBloom's Taxonomy: KnowledgeDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Goals: Examine the methods that make social psychology a science.Myers - Chapter 01 #7677.(p. 25)An experimenter exposed participants to different room temperatures to determine their effects onaggression. Aggression was theA. independent variable.B.dependent variable.C. control variable.D. confounding variable.Bloom's Taxonomy: ApplicationDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Goals: Examine the methods that make social psychology a science.Myers - Chapter 01 #7778.(p. 25)An experimenter exposed participants to different room temperatures to determine their effects onaggression. The room temperatures were theA.independent variable.B. dependent variable.C. control variable.D. confounding variable.Bloom's Taxonomy: ApplicationDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Goals: Examine the methods that make social psychology a science.Myers - Chapter 01 #7879.(p. 25)Two essential ingredients in a social-psychological experiment areA. deception and payment for participation.B. the use of surveys and the use of deception.C. framing and biases.D.control and random assignment.Bloom's Taxonomy: KnowledgeDifficulty Level: DifficultLearning Goals: Examine the methods that make social psychology a science.Myers - Chapter 01 #7980.(p. 26)The process of assigning participants to the conditions of an experiment such that all persons have thesame chance of being in a given condition is referred to asA. random sampling.B.random assignment.C. random surveying.D. representativeness.Bloom's Taxonomy: KnowledgeDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Goals: Examine the methods that make social psychology a science.Myers - Chapter 01 #8081.(p. 26)Putting participants in one of two conditions by flipping a coin illustratesA. random sampling.B. sampling bias.C.random assignment.D. representative sampling.Bloom's Taxonomy: ApplicationDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Goals: Examine the methods that make social psychology a science.Myers - Chapter 01 #81

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82.(p. 26)Random sampling helps researchers _______, while random assignment helps researchers_______.A. who are conducting correlations; who are conducting surveysB. infer cause and effect; generalize to a populationC.generalize to a population; infer cause and effectD. determine cause and effect; develop correlationsBloom's Taxonomy: KnowledgeDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Goals: Examine the methods that make social psychology a science.Myers - Chapter 01 #8283.(p. 26)_____ helps researchers generalize to a population.A.Random samplingB. Random assignmentC. Random surveyingD. Informed consentBloom's Taxonomy: KnowledgeDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Goals: Examine the methods that make social psychology a science.Myers - Chapter 01 #8384.(p. 26)You conduct a study that examines the role of exercise on depression alleviation. You assign the first50 people who are motivated to sign up to the experimental group, and the second group of 50 people,who sign up much later, to the control group. After one month, you find that the experimental group(who exercised three times a week on average) is significantly less depressed than the control group(who exercised one time a week on average). Although you may be tempted to conclude that exercisehelps stave off depression, you cannot because of a lack of ____ in your study.A. random samplingB.random assignmentC. random surveyingD. objectivityBloom's Taxonomy: ApplicationDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Goals: Examine the methods that make social psychology a science.Myers - Chapter 01 #8485.(p. 26)The degree to which an experiment is superficially similar to everyday situations refers toA. realistic experimentation.B. televised reality.C.mundane realism.D. experimental realism.Bloom's Taxonomy: KnowledgeDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Goals: Examine the methods that make social psychology a science.Myers - Chapter 01 #8586.(p. 26)The degree to which an experiment absorbs and involves its participants in real psychologicalprocesses refers toA. realistic experimentation.B. televised reality.C. mundane realism.D.experimental realism.Bloom's Taxonomy: KnowledgeDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Goals: Examine the methods that make social psychology a science.Myers - Chapter 01 #86

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87.(p. 26)According to the text, _______ realism is not as important in social psychological research as_______ realism is.A.mundane; experimentalB. social; psychologicalC. experimental; mundaneD. psychological; socialBloom's Taxonomy: KnowledgeDifficulty Level: DifficultLearning Goals: Examine the methods that make social psychology a science.Myers - Chapter 01 #8788.(p. 26)The use of deception in social-psychological research occurs when the researchers require _____ intheir study.A. realistic experimentationB. televised realityC. mundane realismD.experimental realismBloom's Taxonomy: KnowledgeDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Goals: Examine the methods that make social psychology a science.Myers - Chapter 01 #8889.(p. 27)You are participating in a social-psychological research experiment, and the researcher reads theinstructions to you and the other participants so that each of you hears exactly the same instructions.By standardizing the instructions, the researcher is attempting to control theA. dependent variable.B. experimental outcome.C.demand characteristics.D. framing effect.Bloom's Taxonomy: ApplicationDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Goals: Examine the methods that make social psychology a science.Myers - Chapter 01 #8990.(p. 26)_____ occur(s) in research when participants are misinformed or misled about the method andpurposes of the study.A. Nonrandom samplingB. Nonrandom assignmentC.DeceptionD. Demand characteristicsBloom's Taxonomy: KnowledgeDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Goals: Examine the methods that make social psychology a science.Myers - Chapter 01 #9091.(p. 27)The cues in an experiment that tell the participants what behavior is expected are calledA. subliminal messages.B.demand characteristics.C. deception tactics.D. confounding variables.Bloom's Taxonomy: KnowledgeDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Goals: Examine the methods that make social psychology a science.Myers - Chapter 01 #91

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