1 Introduction to Biotechnology, 4e (Thieman) Chapter 1 The Biotechnology Century and Its Workforce 1) Scientists at the biotechnology company Genentech created the first recombinant DNA product for use in humans. Approved by the Food and Drug Administrat ion in 1982, this product was ________. A) a gene chip B) chymosin C) insulin D) human growth hormone E) erythropoietin Answer: C Section: 1.1 What Is Biotechnology and What Does It Mean to You? Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 2) Which a rea of biotechnology primarily involves using living organisms to process, degrade, and clean up environmental pollution? A) Genomics B) Bioinformatics C) Bioremediation D) Marine biotechnology E) Agricultural biotechnology Answer: C Section: 1.2 T ypes of Biotechnology Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 3) The use of computer science to analyze biological data, such as DNA sequence comparison data, is known as ________. A) genomics B) bioinformatics C) bioremediation D) nanotechnology E ) recombinant DNA technology Answer: B Section: 1.4 The Biotechnology Workforce Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 4) Studying the entire complement of DNA in an organism's cells is known as ________. A) genomics B) bioinformatics C) bioremed iation D) nanotechnology E) recombinant DNA technology Answer: A Section: 1.1 What Is Biotechnology and What Does It Mean to You? Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 2 5) Combining DNA from different sources is an example of ________. A) genom ics B) bioinformatics C) bioremediation D) nanotechnology E) recombinant DNA technology Answer: E Section: 1.2 Types of Biotechnology Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 6) ________ is customized medicine based on a person's genetics. A) G enomics B) Bioinformatics C) Bioremediation D) Pharmacogenomics E) Recombinant DNA technology Answer: D Section: 1.3 What Will the New Biotechnology Century Look Like? An Example from Medical Biotechnology Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 7) ________ involves farm - raising finfish, shellfish, algae, and other aquatic organisms. A) Biopharming B) Aquaculture C) Pharmacogenomics D) Bioremediation E) Transgenic technology Answer: B Section: 1.2 Types of Biotechnology Bloom's Taxonomy: Reme mbering/Understanding 8) ________ is the use of normal genes or the replacement of diseased genes for treating human genetic disorders. A) Genetics B) Genomics C) Pharmacogenomics D) Gene therapy E) Recombinant DNA technology Answer: D Section: 1.1 What Is Biotechnology and What Does It Mean to You? Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 3 9) Selective breeding involves ________. A) genetic engineering of animals and plants to improve growth characteristics B) mating organisms with desirable c haracteristics C) the use of fermentation to produce biotechnology products D) combining sperm and egg cells from different species to produce hybrid organisms E) none of these choices Answer: B Section: 1.1 What Is Biotechnology and What Does It Mean to You? Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 10) ________ is the use of living organisms or their products to clean up the environment, improve human health, and provide more nutritious and disease - free food. A) Bioremediation B) Biotechnology C) Genetic engineering D) Biodegradation E) Bioprocessing Answer: B Section: 1.1 What Is Biotechnology and What Does It Mean to You? Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 11) Subtle differences in DNA sequences that vary from person to person are called ________. A) genomics B) chromosomes C) DNA microarrays D) pharmacogenomics E) single - nucleotide polymorphisms Answer: E Section: 1.3 What Will the New Biotechnology Century Look Like? An Example from Medical Biotechnology Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 12) Explain at least two differences between a traditional pharmaceutical product and a biotechnology product. Answer: A traditional pharmaceutical product is typically a small molecule synthesized by chemists and made into a pill form, which can be orally administered to a patient. A biotechnology product is usually a large molecule that cannot be synthesized or taken orally. It must be produced in a cell line, purified from the cell line, and ultimately formulated to be admin istered to a patient by injection. Section: 1.1 What Is Biotechnology and What Does It Mean to You? Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing 4 13) Discuss some examples of different fields of biotechnology and what they study (e.g., bioremediation, which is used to assist in the clean - up of chemical spills, etc.). Answer: Answers can vary. Some answers include: • Microbial biotechnology, which is used to detect microbes for diagnostic purposes in humans, food samples, and other sources. • Animal biotechnolog y, which helps produce antibodies in the milk of the animal without doing harm to the animal. • Forensic biotechnology, which is useful in solving crimes and testing paternity. • Medical biotechnology, which involves producing products to diagnose, treat, or cure a disease. Section: 1.2 Types of Biotechnology Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing 14) What are some nonscience job opportunities in a biotechnology company? Why would it still be useful to have some science background for these positions? Answ er: Some nonscience biotechnology jobs include working in regulatory affairs, marketing, sales, and the legal department of the company. Because the company products are ultimately biological in nature, employees will better understand how to do their job s if they know the science as well. For example, if a sales representative does not understand any of the science behind the product they are selling, they cannot easily answer any questions the prescribing physician might ask them. Section: 1.4 The Biote chnology Workforce Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing 15) What are some of the advantages of a biosimilar drug versus a patented pharmaceutical product? What are the disadvantages? Answer: Advantages: Biosimilars can cut costs because they are often a pproved for use without having to undergo the same expensive safety and effects studies required for pharmaceutical product. Disadvantages: Biosimilars can still be more expensive to produce because biosimilars can be difficult to replicate exactly. Sectio n: 1.4 The Biotechnology Workforce Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing 16) ________ is an approach to genome editing that makes it possible to correct genetic diseases and create novel genetic modification of genomes. A) Synthetic genomes B) Gene cloni ng C) Gene therapy D) CRISPR - Cas E) High - throughput screening Answer: D Section: 1.1 What Is Biotechnology and What Does It Mean to You? Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 5 17) As of 2016, which of the following was the top selling biotechnolog y drug? A) Herceptin B) Rituxan C) Humira D) Enbrel E) Avastin Answer: C Section: 1.1 What Is Biotechnology and What Does It Mean to You? Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 18) Which of the following is the application of biotechnology to indu strial processes? A) Microbial biotechnology B) Animal biotechnology C) Forensic biotechnology D) Medical biotechnology E) Industrial biotechnology Answer: C Section: 1.3 What Will the New Biotechnology Century Look Like? An Example from Medical Biotechn ology Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 19) How can a physician use precision medicine to design a drug treatment strategy? A) Based on the genes involved in the disease, design a drug treatment strategy that is non - specific and applicable to a small population. B) Based on the genes involved in the disease, design a drug treatment strategy that is non - specific and somewhat effective. C) Based on the genes involved in the disease, design a drug treatment strategy that is specific and somewhat ef fective. D) Based on the genes involved in the disease, design a drug treatment strategy that is specific and most effective. E) Based on the genes involved in the disease, design a drug treatment strategy that is specific and not based on the patient's ge netic profile. Answer: D Section: 1.3 What Will the New Biotechnology Century Look Like? An Example from Medical Biotechnology Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing 20) What three locations account for approximately 95% of biotechnology countries? A) Eu rope, Japan, and South America B) Europe, Japan, and North America C) Europe, China, and Canada D) Canada, Japan, and South America E) China, Europe, and North America Answer: B Section: 1.4 The Biotechnology Workforce Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Unde rstanding 1 Introduction to Biotechnology, 4e (Thieman) Chapter 1 The Biotechnology Century and Its Workforce 1) Scientists at the biotechnology company Genentech created the first recombinant DNA product for use in humans. Approved by the Food and Drug Administrat ion in 1982, this product was ________. A) a gene chip B) chymosin C) insulin D) human growth hormone E) erythropoietin Answer: C Section: 1.1 What Is Biotechnology and What Does It Mean to You? Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 2) Which a rea of biotechnology primarily involves using living organisms to process, degrade, and clean up environmental pollution? A) Genomics B) Bioinformatics C) Bioremediation D) Marine biotechnology E) Agricultural biotechnology Answer: C Section: 1.2 T ypes of Biotechnology Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 3) The use of computer science to analyze biological data, such as DNA sequence comparison data, is known as ________. A) genomics B) bioinformatics C) bioremediation D) nanotechnology E ) recombinant DNA technology Answer: B Section: 1.4 The Biotechnology Workforce Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 4) Studying the entire complement of DNA in an organism's cells is known as ________. A) genomics B) bioinformatics C) bioremed iation D) nanotechnology E) recombinant DNA technology Answer: A Section: 1.1 What Is Biotechnology and What Does It Mean to You? Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 2 5) Combining DNA from different sources is an example of ________. A) genom ics B) bioinformatics C) bioremediation D) nanotechnology E) recombinant DNA technology Answer: E Section: 1.2 Types of Biotechnology Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 6) ________ is customized medicine based on a person's genetics. A) G enomics B) Bioinformatics C) Bioremediation D) Pharmacogenomics E) Recombinant DNA technology Answer: D Section: 1.3 What Will the New Biotechnology Century Look Like? An Example from Medical Biotechnology Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 7) ________ involves farm - raising finfish, shellfish, algae, and other aquatic organisms. A) Biopharming B) Aquaculture C) Pharmacogenomics D) Bioremediation E) Transgenic technology Answer: B Section: 1.2 Types of Biotechnology Bloom's Taxonomy: Reme mbering/Understanding 8) ________ is the use of normal genes or the replacement of diseased genes for treating human genetic disorders. A) Genetics B) Genomics C) Pharmacogenomics D) Gene therapy E) Recombinant DNA technology Answer: D Section: 1.1 What Is Biotechnology and What Does It Mean to You? Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 3 9) Selective breeding involves ________. A) genetic engineering of animals and plants to improve growth characteristics B) mating organisms with desirable c haracteristics C) the use of fermentation to produce biotechnology products D) combining sperm and egg cells from different species to produce hybrid organisms E) none of these choices Answer: B Section: 1.1 What Is Biotechnology and What Does It Mean to You? Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 10) ________ is the use of living organisms or their products to clean up the environment, improve human health, and provide more nutritious and disease - free food. A) Bioremediation B) Biotechnology C) Genetic engineering D) Biodegradation E) Bioprocessing Answer: B Section: 1.1 What Is Biotechnology and What Does It Mean to You? Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 11) Subtle differences in DNA sequences that vary from person to person are called ________. A) genomics B) chromosomes C) DNA microarrays D) pharmacogenomics E) single - nucleotide polymorphisms Answer: E Section: 1.3 What Will the New Biotechnology Century Look Like? An Example from Medical Biotechnology Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 12) Explain at least two differences between a traditional pharmaceutical product and a biotechnology product. Answer: A traditional pharmaceutical product is typically a small molecule synthesized by chemists and made into a pill form, which can be orally administered to a patient. A biotechnology product is usually a large molecule that cannot be synthesized or taken orally. It must be produced in a cell line, purified from the cell line, and ultimately formulated to be admin istered to a patient by injection. Section: 1.1 What Is Biotechnology and What Does It Mean to You? Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing 4 13) Discuss some examples of different fields of biotechnology and what they study (e.g., bioremediation, which is used to assist in the clean - up of chemical spills, etc.). Answer: Answers can vary. Some answers include: • Microbial biotechnology, which is used to detect microbes for diagnostic purposes in humans, food samples, and other sources. • Animal biotechnolog y, which helps produce antibodies in the milk of the animal without doing harm to the animal. • Forensic biotechnology, which is useful in solving crimes and testing paternity. • Medical biotechnology, which involves producing products to diagnose, treat, or cure a disease. Section: 1.2 Types of Biotechnology Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing 14) What are some nonscience job opportunities in a biotechnology company? Why would it still be useful to have some science background for these positions? Answ er: Some nonscience biotechnology jobs include working in regulatory affairs, marketing, sales, and the legal department of the company. Because the company products are ultimately biological in nature, employees will better understand how to do their job s if they know the science as well. For example, if a sales representative does not understand any of the science behind the product they are selling, they cannot easily answer any questions the prescribing physician might ask them. Section: 1.4 The Biote chnology Workforce Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing 15) What are some of the advantages of a biosimilar drug versus a patented pharmaceutical product? What are the disadvantages? Answer: Advantages: Biosimilars can cut costs because they are often a pproved for use without having to undergo the same expensive safety and effects studies required for pharmaceutical product. Disadvantages: Biosimilars can still be more expensive to produce because biosimilars can be difficult to replicate exactly. Sectio n: 1.4 The Biotechnology Workforce Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing 16) ________ is an approach to genome editing that makes it possible to correct genetic diseases and create novel genetic modification of genomes. A) Synthetic genomes B) Gene cloni ng C) Gene therapy D) CRISPR - Cas E) High - throughput screening Answer: D Section: 1.1 What Is Biotechnology and What Does It Mean to You? Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 5 17) As of 2016, which of the following was the top selling biotechnolog y drug? A) Herceptin B) Rituxan C) Humira D) Enbrel E) Avastin Answer: C Section: 1.1 What Is Biotechnology and What Does It Mean to You? Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 18) Which of the following is the application of biotechnology to indu strial processes? A) Microbial biotechnology B) Animal biotechnology C) Forensic biotechnology D) Medical biotechnology E) Industrial biotechnology Answer: C Section: 1.3 What Will the New Biotechnology Century Look Like? An Example from Medical Biotechn ology Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 19) How can a physician use precision medicine to design a drug treatment strategy? A) Based on the genes involved in the disease, design a drug treatment strategy that is non - specific and applicable to a small population. B) Based on the genes involved in the disease, design a drug treatment strategy that is non - specific and somewhat effective. C) Based on the genes involved in the disease, design a drug treatment strategy that is specific and somewhat ef fective. D) Based on the genes involved in the disease, design a drug treatment strategy that is specific and most effective. E) Based on the genes involved in the disease, design a drug treatment strategy that is specific and not based on the patient's ge netic profile. Answer: D Section: 1.3 What Will the New Biotechnology Century Look Like? An Example from Medical Biotechnology Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing 20) What three locations account for approximately 95% of biotechnology countries? A) Eu rope, Japan, and South America B) Europe, Japan, and North America C) Europe, China, and Canada D) Canada, Japan, and South America E) China, Europe, and North America Answer: B Section: 1.4 The Biotechnology Workforce Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Unde rstanding 1 Introduction to Biotechnology, 4e (Thieman) Chapter 2 An Introduction to Genes and Genomes 1) The complementary base that hydrogen bonds with thymine in a DNA double helix is ________. A) uracil B) thymine C) guanine D) adenine E) cytosine Answer: D Section: 2.2 The Molecule of Life Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 2) Which of the following is a structural feature of DNA but not RNA? A) Single - stranded B) Containing the nitrogenous base adenine C) Containing phosphate groups D) C ontaining deoxyribose sugars E) Containing the nitrogenous base uracil Answer: D Section: 2.2 The Molecule of Life Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 3) Which type of base - pair substitution mutation has no effect on the amino acid sequence o f a protein? A) Missense mutation B) Nonsense mutation C) Silent mutation D) Frameshift mutation E) None of these choices Answer: C Section: 2.6 Mutations: Causes and Consequences Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 4) Which of the followi ng is a characteristic of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) but not rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)? A) Protein synthesis B) Sending vesicles to the Golgi that contain proteins that are either secreted or become part of the plasma membrane C) Steroid synthesis D) Drug and alcohol detoxification E) Steroid synthesis and drug and alcohol detoxification Answer: E Section: 2.2 The Molecule of Life Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 2 5) Which of the following enzymes is a component of the la rge ribosomal subunit and catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds between an amino acid attached to a peptidyl - tRNA and an amino acid from an aminoacyl - tRNA? A) Reverse transcriptase B) DNA polymerase C) Peptidyl transferase D) DNA ligase E) β - galact osidase Answer: C Section: 2.4 RNA and Protein Synthesis Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 6) Addition of a poly(A) tail to an mRNA molecule ________. A) allows the mRNA to be recognized by ribosomes during translation B) allows mRNA molecu les to be more stable in the cytoplasm C) results in removal of introns D) only occurs in bacteria E) is an important step in translation Answer: B Section: 2.4 RNA and Protein Synthesis Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 7) What enzyme sep arates strands of DNA during DNA replication to make DNA single - stranded so it can be copied? A) DNA primase B) DNA polymerase C) DNA helicase D) DNA ligase E) Reverse transcriptase Answer: C Section: 2.4 RNA and Protein Synthesis Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 8) ________ bind to mRNA and tRNA during translation and allow for polypeptides to be synthesized. A) Chloroplasts B) Ribosomes C) Nuclei D) RNA polymerases E) Chromosomes Answer: B Section: 2.4 RNA and Protein Synthesis Bl oom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 3 9) ________ is the enzyme that copies DNA during DNA replication. Thermostabile forms of this enzyme are essential for PCR. A) RNA polymerase B) DNA ligase C) DNA polymerase D) RNA primase E) DNA helicase An swer: C Section: 2.4 RNA and Protein Synthesis Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 10) Which of the following is the typical start codon in most mRNA molecules? A) UGA B) AUG C) AAA D) GAA E) CAG Answer: B Section: 2.4 RNA and Protein S ynthesis Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 11) Which type of point mutation creates a stop codon in a gene? A) Nonsense B) Frameshift C) Silent D) Missense E) None of these choices Answer: A Section: 2.6 Mutations: Causes and Consequenc es Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 12) Nonprotein coding pieces of pre - mRNA that are removed during RNA splicing are called ________. A) introns B) exons C) SNPs D) promoters E) poly(A) tails Answer: A Section: 2.4 RNA and Protein Synthesi s Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 4 13) Which organelles form the site of ATP production by aerobic cellular respiration? A) Lysosomes B) Mitochondria C) Ribosomes D) Golgi E) Rough endoplasmic reticulum Answer: B Section: 2.1 A Review of Cell Structure Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 14) Which type of RNA molecules transport amino acids to the ribosome during translation? A) rRNA B) tRNA C) siRNA D) mRNA E) miRNA Answer: B Section: 2.4 RNA and Protein Synthesis Blo om's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 15) Which type of RNA molecule contains the genetic code of a gene that is read by ribosomes during translation? A) rRNA B) tRNA C) siRNA D) mRNA E) miRNA Answer: D Section: 2.4 RNA and Protein Synthesis B loom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 16) In a nucleotide of DNA, which carbon of the deoxyribose sugar binds to the base? A) 1' B) 2' C) 3' D) 4' E) 5' Answer: A Section: 2.2 The Molecule of Life Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 5 17) Which of the following sequences is most commonly found at eukaryotic promoters? A) TATAAAA B) Poly(A) tail C) 7 - methyl G cap D) 5' - GU . . . AG - 3' E) Shine - Dalgarno sequence Answer: A Section: 2.5 Regulation of Gene Expression Bloom's Taxonomy : Remembering/Understanding 18) Which of the following is a commonly used stop codon in most mRNA molecules? A) UGA B) AUG C) AAA D) GAA E) CAG Answer: A Section: 2.4 RNA and Protein Synthesis Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 19) Wha t is synthesis of RNA from a DNA template called? A) Transformation B) Reverse transcription C) Transcription D) Translation E) None of these choices Answer: C Section: 2.4 RNA and Protein Synthesis Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 20) Synthesis of a protein from an mRNA molecule is called ________. A) transcription B) translation C) transformation D) polymerization E) polyadenylation Answer: B Section: 2.4 RNA and Protein Synthesis Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding