Test Bank for Mosaicos: Spanish as a World Language, 7th Edition

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Club cultura1Club cultura, VideoscriptBienvenidos a Club culturaWelcome toClub cultura, an exciting journey that will introduce you to the richdiversity, breathtaking beauty, language, history, traditions, and modern-day vibrancy oftheSpanish-speaking world.Together we’ll explore El mundo hispano, or the Hispanic World, aswe visit LatinAmerica, Spain,the Caribbean, Africa, and the United States.Throughout the program, you will meet six international hosts, as well as countlessfriends and acquaintances, who will guide you on a unique journey through each country.You will join Horacio, Laura, Gerardo, Ana, Sharinna, and Mariano as they visit manyexciting destinations, meet the local inhabitants, engage in some exhilarating culinaryadventures, take part in ancient rituals, learn about new customs, and find some veryexciting things to do!From one side of the globe to the other, it’s going to be a real adventure! For example,did you know that Spanish is spoken today in parts of Africa?With Mariano, we’ll visit Equatorial Guinea and learn how this central African country, aformer Spanish colony, still retains the language and many cultural traditions from itscolonial past.In Spain, or España, you’ll walk side-by-side with the stars at the San SebastiánInternational Film Festival, and see what life is like for over 80,000 students at thecountry’s largest university, la Complutense.Throughout the Americas, where the majority of the world’s Spanish-speakingpopulation resides, you will learn about a wide variety of old and new traditionsstemming from the unique blend of indigenous, African, and European cultures.For example, we’ll see how some unique national fiestas, or holidays, are celebrated,taste amazing cuisinesthatblend old and new world culinary practices, and listen to theunique rhythms of each country.From the Afro Caribbean beats in Cuba, to the mariachi of Mexico, to the Argentinetango, you will witness a wealth of cultural diversity across this vastlandscape.It’s a landscape that’s as beautiful and diverse as the people who live here.From the soaring peaks of the Andes to the vast plains of the Pampas, from the densegreen rainforests of the Amazon to the pristine white beaches and crystal clear waters ofthe Caribbean, there is an incredible diversity of landscapes to explore.

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Club cultura2Beyond the open landscapes, we’ll dive into the bustling urban lifestyle of some of thelargest metropolitan areas, including Mexico City, Lima, and Bogotá; then go off thebeaten path for some adventure sports in the highlands of Paraguay, surf the perfect waveoff the coast of El Salvador, hike the Andes along the eastern Chilean border, visit acoffee plantation in the highlands of Colombia, learn from expert Mayan weavers at theopen-air market in Chichicastenango, Guatemala, help prepare a meal with the Emberácommunity in southern Panamá, go to a baseball academy in the Dominican Republic,and a soccer match in New York’s famous Yankee Stadium.While Yankee Stadiumitself may not be so far off the beaten path, have you ever comehere to watch a soccer game between the New York City Fútbol Club and D.C. United?With the Hispanic population growing more quickly than any other ethnic group in thiscountry,we are seeing the incredible influence that the Hispanic population is having onso many aspectsof American culture today.In each segment, you will hear a variety of regional accentsand meet a wide range ofpeoplethat come from all partsof the Spanish-speaking world,each with a unique dialectand engaging personality.Listening to these different dialectswill helpmake you feel more comfortablewith themany linguistic variations of Spanish,and serve as an excellent model to followas youcontinue to increase your own ability to communicate in the language.So, as we say in Spanish,felicidades, or congratulations,on yourdecision to study thelanguageand cultures of the Spanish-speaking world.Wehope thatClub culturaprovides you with an enjoyableand enticing virtualvoyagethroughout el Mundo hispano.Good luck and have a good trip! Or, in your new language:¡Buena suerte!, y ¡Buen viaje!

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Club cultura1Club cultura,VideoscriptArgentinaIntroducciónHello, I'm Horacio, your Spanish presenter.I'm in Buenos Aires,the capital of Argentina.Right now, I'm at the Obelisco,one of the most important landmarks of the city.I also should tell youthatArgentina is the second biggest country in South America.Come with me!There are 1,300 miles from here to La Quiaca,the northernmost town in the country, onthe border with Bolivia.There are 1,900 miles from here to Ushuaia in Tierra del Fuego,the southernmost city in the world.There’s the same distancefrom Ushuaia to La Quiacaasfrom New York toFairbanksin Alaska.There are all kinds of landscapesin Argentina.The glaciers of Patagoniaon thesoutheast.The deserts in the plateaus of La Punaonthe northeast.The Iguazú falls on thenortheast,on the border with Brazil.La Pampa, the most fertile area of the country.Andthe tallest mountain in the Americas: El Aconcagua,on the border with Chile.All of this natural diversity and beautyarespread over 23 provinces,and the autonomouscity of Buenos Aires.But there's so much more to seein Argentina.I'll show you!La vida cultural de Buenos AiresHere, at theObeliscoin Buenos Aires,is the intersection of two major thoroughfares:Avenida 9 de Julio,which is the widest in the world.AndAvenida Corrientes,which isalwaysfull of people, day and night.Here, youcan discover Argentinians’ love ofculture.Thisavenue features many theaters,concert halls and bookstores.This is probably the most famous bookstorein Buenos Aires:El Ateneo.Argentina has abig literary traditionand is the most well-read country in Latin America.This is an oldtheater turned into a book store and coffee shop.I am waiting for an Argentinian friendwho willshow us this part of the city.

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Club cultura2Horacio:Hello. Yanina, what's up?Look, did you know that this metro stationis alsocalled Callao in Madrid?Yanina:Yes, I did.But there’s onedifference: here in Argentina,we don't call it"metro",we call it"subte".Horacio:"Subte"?Yanina:Shall we?Horacio:Let's go.This avenue is very similartoGran Viain Madrid, right?Yanina:Yes, this isAvenida de Mayo.It wasbuiltat the end of the XIX century.It wasinspired by theboulevards of Paris. However, there are many places that do resembleSpain. Because when it was built,manySpanish immigrants lived here.It's one of theliveliest avenues in all of Buenos Aires.There are cafes, theaters and restaurants. All witha certain feel andespecially with a Spanish flair.Horacio:Of course,that is why the most universalSpanish symbol is found here: thestatue of Don Quixote.Yanina:One of the mostimportantsquares in Argentinais located at the end ofAvenida de Mayo:ThePlaza de Mayo.But there’s so much more in this area.You've gotthe government's headquarters:theCasa Rosada(Pink House),which is like the WhiteHouse in the U.S.Horacio:So thepresident of Argentina lives here?Yanina:No, this isjust where the president works.The president usually lives inOlivos,inthe outskirts of Buenos Aires. Here's the cathedralwhere José de San Martín isburied. Many people call himthe "Father of the Nation".La inmigración y otras influencias culturalesI am in the place where modern Argentina was born. Not this neighborhood,but there, inthe Puerto de la Boca.Do you see that river? Boats used to dock here,packed withimmigrants.Sinceitsindependence from Spain,Argentina became one of the countries with thehighest percentage of immigration in the world.In Buenos Aires, for example, there weretimeswhen there were more immigrants than locals.

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Club cultura3There's a popular saying herethat Argentinians were not born in Argentina,but ratherarrived here by boat.Interviewee:Well, they came from Guipúzcoa in the north of Spain,on the border withFrance.Horacio:So were you born there or in Argentina?Interviewee:Iwas born 19 days after my family arrived here.Horacio:As we saw in theAvenida de Mayo,Argentina received many Spanishimmigrants.But there's another important immigrant group:Italians.Interviewee:Italy.Horacio:Italy?Some say that Argentiniansare Italians that speak Spanish,due to their influence on theirvocabulary,such as"gamba"instead of"pierna"("leg")or"birra"instead of"cerveza"("beer").In addition toSpanish and Italian immigrants,lots of Eastern Europeans came toArgentina, such as Syrians, Lebanese, Turks, Asians…people from all over the world.El baile y la músicaYou may be wondering what Argentinians’ favorite music is. The truth is that there's awide variety. For example... Tango?Most people identifyArgentina with tango.But the truth is that tangois mostcharacteristic of the capital: Buenos Aires. In Argentina’s countryside,such as in Saltaorin Tucumán up north, folk music is more widespread,like thezamba, thechacareraorthemalambo.Look, here's the Peña de Mataderos.Let's see if they can teach me how to dance.But one genre that is equally liked by people in Buenos Aires and therest of ArgentinaisArgentinian rock.In fact, I'm ready to go to a concert tonight.You may be wonderingwhy I’m wearing pajamas to a rock concert.Because one of the most famous rock bandsin Argentina,the Bersuit Vergarabat, performs in pajamas.And so do their fans!La Argentinidaaad...¡Al palo!

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Club cultura4La gastronomía argentinaThe day after a concert,there's nothing better than a good Argentinianasado.It's theArgentinian food par excellence.Horacio: Yanina, how are you?Yanina:Hey, how was the concert?Horacio:Wow.Asadosare equivalent to gatherings.Family and friends cometogether at the grill.InArgentina, almost all celebrations, parties and holidaysgo together with a goodasado.Butasadosare not justfor weekends,you canalso enjoy one during the week. But you'llneed a lot of time.Bon appétit!Horacio: A toast to the cookand to family and friends.To doing this again,in Peking or wherever it may be.All:Cheers!Horacio:After anasadowith the family,hanging out with friends is the best.And it'seasy to get Argentinians together.How? Withmate.Mateisone of the most popular drinks in Argentina.It is a social custom that representsunion and sharing.When you get coffee with friends, you each have a cup.But not if youdrinkmate.Mateis shared by everyoneand is passed around from one person to the next.It's like tea buta bit more bitter.When a group of people invites you to drinkmate,they are inviting you to become part ofit.Mateis the first step toward a great friendship.Mateis a good excuse tohave aconversation or debate.It's now dinner time. You can seethe influence of Italian immigration on Argentinain thegreatnumber of pizza parlors around.In Buenos Aires alone, there are said to be morethan 11,000 pizza parlors.Pizza parlors are also wherepeople go to watch soccer games.Soccer is the most popularsport.9 out of 10 Argentinians are fans. Or as they say here:they are"hinchas"of a team.Soccer isa passion for many Argentinians,especially when the national team plays.Argentina won the World Cup twice.And three of the top five best soccer players inhistory are Argentinians.Pizza isnot the only thing you can eat at an Argentinian pizza parlor.And theempanadais, without a doubt, the most popular.Empanadasare pastriesstuffed with chicken, beef,ham and cheese…sometimes corn... and they are one of the tastiest Argentinian dishes.

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Club culturaClub cultura, VideoscriptArgentinaIntroducciónHola, soy Horacio, tu presentador de España.Y estoy en Buenos Aires, la capital de Argentina.Ahora mismo me encuentro en el Obelisco, uno de los símbolos más importantes de laciudad.Tambiéntengo que decirte que Argentina es el segundo país más grande de Sudamérica.¡Vente conmigo!Desde aquí, hay 1.300 millas hasta La Quiaca, el pueblo más al norte en la frontera conBolivia. Y 1.900 millas hasta Ushuaia, en Tierra del Fuego, la ciudad másal sur delplaneta. Desde Ushuaia hasta La Quiaca hay la misma distancia que de New York aFairbanks, en Alaska.En Argentina, encontramostodo tipo de paisajes: Los glaciares de la Patagonia al suroeste. Los desiertos del altiplanode La Puna al noroeste. Las cataratas del Iguazú al noroeste en la frontera con Brasil. LaPampa, que es la región más fértil del país. Y la montaña más alta de todo el continenteamericano: el Aconcagua, en la frontera con Chile.Pero toda esta diversidad y belleza naturalestá repartida en 23 provincias y la CiudadAutónoma de Buenos Aires. Pero hay muchas más cosas que ver en Argentina.¡Te las voy a mostrar!La vida cultural de Buenos AiresAquí, en el Obelisco de Buenos Aires, se cruzan las dos avenidas principalesde laciudad: La Avenida 9 de Julio, que es la avenida más ancha del mundo, y la AvenidaCorrientes, que siempre está llena de gente de día y de noche.Aquí puedes descubrir el gusto argentino por la cultura. Es una avenida llena de teatros,salas deconciertos y librerías. Ésta es probablemente la librería más famosa de BuenosAires: El Ateneo. Argentina tiene una gran tradición literaria y es el país latinoamericanodónde más se lee. Es un antiguo teatro reconvertido en librería y en cafetería.Estoy esperando a una amiga argentina que nos va a enseñar esta parte de la ciudad.

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Club culturaHoracio: ¡Hola! Yanina, ¿qué tal? Mira, ¿sabías que esta estación de metro en Madridtambién se llama Callao?Yanina: Sí sabía. Pero con una diferencia: acá en Argentina no decimos "metro",nosotros decimos "subte".Horacio: ¿Subte?Yanina: ¿Vamos?Horacio: Vamos.Esta avenida se parece mucho a la Gran Vía de Madrid, ¿no?Yanina: Sí, esta es la Avenida de Mayo. Es una avenida de finales del siglo XIX. Fueinspirada en los bulevares de París. Pero igualmente hay muchos lugares que recuerdan aEspaña porque cuando se construyó, acá vivían muchos inmigrantes españoles. Es unadelas avenidas con más ambientes de todo Buenos Aires. Tenés cafés, teatros, restaurants.Y todo con mucho acento,y sobre todo mucho sabor español.Horacio:Ah claro, por eso está aquí el símbolo español más universal: la estatua del DonQuijote.Yanina:Al final de la Avenida de Mayo, está una de las plazas más importantes deArgentina:La Plaza de Mayo.Pero acá hay muchas más cosas.Tenés la sede delgobierno:la Casa Rosada,que es como la Casa Blancade Estados Unidos.Horacio:¿Y aquí vive el presidente de Argentina?Yanina:No, solamente es su lugar de trabajo.Normalmente vive en Olivos,en las afuerasde Buenos Aires.Y acá está la Catedraldonde está enterrado José de San Martín,al quemuchos llaman"el Padre de la Patria".Lainmigración y otras influencias culturalesEstoy en el lugar donde nació la Argentina moderna. No en ese barrio, sino ahí, en elPuerto de La Boca. ¿Puedes ver ese río? Por ahí, llegaban los barcos llenos deinmigrantes hasta atracar en este puerto.Desde su independencia de España, Argentina se convirtió en uno de los países delmundo con mayor porcentaje de inmigración. En Buenos Aires, por ejemplo, huboépocas en las que había más población inmigrante que población local. Hay un dicho

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Club culturapopular argentinoque dice que los argentinos no nacieron en Argentina, sino que llegaronen los barcos.Horacio: ¿De dónde vino su familia?Entrevistado:Bueno, vino de Guipúzcoa en el norte de España, en el límite con Francia.Horacio:¿Pero tú naciste allí o enArgentina?Entrevistado:Por 19 días he nacido aquí en Argentina.Como hemos visto en la Avenida de Mayo,llegaron muchos inmigrantes desde España.Pero enArgentina, hay otra comunidadinmigrante de mucha importancia:la italiana.Horacio: ¿De dónde vino su familia?Entrevistado:Italia.Horacio:¿De Italia?Algunos dicen, que los argentinosson italianos que hablan castellanopor su influencia enel vocabulario.Como "gamba" en vez de "pierna"o "birra" en vez de "cerveza".Además de los inmigrantes españoles e italianostambién llegaron muchos europeos deleste,sirios, libaneses, turcos, asiáticos...gente de todo el mundo.El baile y la música¿Pero te estarás preguntando cuál es la música que más les gusta a los argentinos?Y esque haytanta variedad.Por ejemplo...¿El tango?Mucha gente identifica aArgentina con el tango.Pero en realidad, el tango es máscaracterístico de la capital: Buenos Aires.En el interior de Argentina,como por ejemploen Saltao en Tucumán al norte, es mucho mástradicional la música folclóricacomo lazamba, la chacarerao el malambo.Mira, aquí está la Peña de Mataderos.Voy a ver si me enseñan a bailar.Pero una de las músicas que tienen en común Buenos Aires y el resto de Argentinaes elrock nacionalargentino.Es más, yo ya estoy preparadopara irme esta noche a un concierto.Te estaráspreguntando ¿Por qué voy vestido de pijama a un concierto de rock?Y es que uno de los

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Club culturagruposde rock más famosos de Argentina,la Bersuit Vergarabat, actúa en sus conciertosvestido de pijama.Y sus fans, ¡también!La argentinidaaad…¡Al palo!La gastronomía argentinaAl día siguiente de un concierto no hay nada mejor que un buen asado argentino.Es lacomida argentina por excelencia.Horacio:Yanina, ¿quétal? ¡Hola! ¿Todo bien?Yanina:Bien. ¿Qué tal el concierto?Horacio: UffEl asadosignifica reunión. La carne ala parrilla reúne a la familia y a los amigos.Casitodas las celebraciones, fiestas y conmemoraciones que se celebran en Argentinaestánacompañadas de un buen asado.Pero no sólo puedes hacer un asado los fines de semana,sino entre semana también.Pero vas a necesitar mucho tiempo.¡Que aproveche!Horacio:Bueno, vamoshacer un brindis por el asador,y por toda la familia y losamigos.Porque se repita esto aquí o en Pekín, donde sea.Todos:¡Salud!Horacio:Después de un asado con la familialo mejor es reunirse con amigos.Y es fácilreunir a los argentinos.¿Cómo? Con un mate.Elmate es una de las bebidas máspopulares de la cultura argentina.Es una costumbresocial que significaunión y momento para compartir.Cuando tomas café con los amigos,cada uno tiene su taza.Pero si tomas mate, no.El mate se comparte entre todosy vapasando de mano en mano.Es cómo un té peroun poco más amargo.Cuando un grupo te invita a compartir matequiere decir que te invita a integrarte conellos.Es el primer paso para una gran amistad.El mate es una buena excusaparaconversar y para debatir.Ya es hora de cenar. La influencia italiana en Argentina también se vepor la grancantidad de pizzerías.Dicen que hay más de 11.000 pizzerías solo en Buenos Aires.Una pizzería es también un lugar dondemucha gente se junta para ver el fútbol,eldeporte más popular. 9 de cada 10 argentinos son aficionadoso cómo dicen aquí son"hinchas" de algún equipo.El fútbol es una pasión para muchos argentinos,especialmente cuando juega la selecciónnacional.Argentina ganó dos veces la Copa del Mundo.Y hay tres argentinos entre los 5jugadores de fútbol de la historia.

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Club culturaEn las pizzerías argentinas hay muchas más cosas para comer además de pizza.La máspopular es sin duda la empanada.Las empanadas son pequeñas masas de hojaldrerellenas de pollo, deternera, de jamón y queso,de maíz... y es una de lascomidas más ricas de Argentina.

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Club cultura1Club cultura,VideoscriptBoliviaIntroducciónWelcome to Bolivia!I just welcomed you in Aimara,in Guaraní and in Spanish.Theseare just three of the many official languagesthat are spoken here.Later, I'll tell you howmany. You won’t believe it!Bolivia is an extraordinarily diverse country.Geographically, Bolivia is located in theheart of the South American continent,so it has no coast.An interesting fact is thatherein Boliviathe different altitudes determinethe wide array of climate andtemperatures.There are places at 20,000 feet above sea levelin the Andes,and others at 300 feet,likeLos Llanos.And several in between, places like the high plateau,the Amazon regionandEl Chaco.This makes Bolivia one of the mostbio-diverse countries in the world.It has15 different eco regions.Without a doubt, Bolivia is a country of extremes.I just landed at the airportEl Alto,the highest international airport in the world.It islocated near La Paz,at 3,550 meters above sea level.It's the highest capital in the world.Due to its high altitude, the oxygen level is so lowthat many visitors feel lightheadedwithin the first days of arrival.Near La Paz is Lake Titicaca, thehighest navigable lake in the world.If you don't likefrogs, don't get too close to this shorebecause they say the largest in the world live here.On the south, there is theSalar de Uyuni,the largest salt desert in the world.It’s theworld's largestreserve of lithium.Usually, when people think of Bolivia,they imagine a country with mountains.However,60% of the Bolivian territoryis in the Amazon region.Here you'll find the economiccapital of the country:the tropical city ofSanta Cruz de la Sierra,the largest in Bolivia.With 2.5 million inhabitantsit provides 80% of thecountry's agriculture.Civilizaciones antiguas de BoliviaRemember I was going to give you more information about Bolivia's languages? Thereare 37 and since the 2009 constitution they're all official. This multitude of languagesrepresents the diversity of cultures. Here, inTiahuanaco,there used to be one of them:thetiahuanacotaculture, the oldest in Bolivia. Or the Incas, who built this path. From allthese cultures an extremely multiethnic and multicultural country was born. In fact, thiscountry's official name is"Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia".

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Club cultura2In one household,there can be two different calendars:The linear calendar we all know,and the circular Inca calendar.I'm going to give you an interesting fact:In Aimaraculture, the past is in front of them and the future is behind. Look, do you see that clock?It goes backwards because that’s how time passes according to the Andean world view.You may also see two religions together:Christianityand the one that worships theAndean goddess Pachamama."Pachamama"means"Mother Earth"and is thereforerelated to the earth, fertility, motherhood and femininity.The Pachamama is verypowerful; if you don't respect her, she can cause illness.La comida tradicional y la comida moderna en BoliviaPerhaps you did not understand the two views of time and space that exist in Bolivia. I'llexplain them to you through food. Will you join me?First, I want you to see the most traditional part of La Paz. This isMercado Rodríguez,which opens two days aweek. Traffic is stopped and there are thousands of peoplebuying and selling. This is very different from a supermarket. There are no fixed priceshere. You have to haggle. That's why it's important to have a good relationship with the"caserita".Look,she is the"caserita", the person who will help me get the best price. And I am the"casero". It's important that you have a good relationship with her so she'll advise youonthe best products she has to offer.Horacio:Hellocaserita......howmuch are the cucumbers?Caserita:I have cucumbers for 5 and also for 15...Or also 3 for 10.Horacio:Last offer? Maybe a bit cheaper? And I'll take 5.Look, this food is originally from Bolivia and Peru.In Bolivia and in all of Latin Americathisbasic food is called"papa".When the Spanish took it to Europethey called it"patata".The word"papa"comes from the Quechua language.Did you have any ideathat the word"potato"comes from the Quechua language?In Bolivia, there are more than 200 varieties of potato.And the"chuño", an Andean wayof preserving potatoes.Quinoa is another important food,a very nutritious grain that'spopular all over the world,including in the US.At the market, we saw one of the mosttraditional aspects of Boliviangastronomy.

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Club cultura3However, there are modern and sophisticated placeslike the restaurantGustu."Gustu", inQuechua means"taste".Gustuis more than just a restaurant:it's a gastronomicalmovement. And a social one.The movement's hope is that revitalizing Boliviangastronomywill contribute to other aspects such as the economy,education and health.Also, chefs and gastronomy studentswork exclusively with Bolivian products.This is afish from the Amazon River:Surubí.Gustuwants to demonstrate the potentialof Bolivian gastronomical cultureand helpposition the country as a tourist destinationfor first-rate gastronomy.La medicina tradicional y la medicina moderna en BoliviaYou've seen the coexistence of the traditional and the modern in gastronomy. You canalso see it in medicine. For example, in this hospital,Hospital Materno Infantil, peoplehave access to modern medicine and cutting edge technology.As is the case in most countries around the world, there's a public and a private system ofhealthcare. The Bolivian public healthcare system covers more than half of the Bolivianpopulation and provides coverage for people in rural areas.The private system serves10% of thepopulation.Buta big part of the population in Boliviaprefers what they calltraditional medicinedeveloped by indigenous culturesaround the country.Traditional medicine sometimes uses ritualsto restore individual and collective balance.The most sought-after ingredientis desiccated llama fetus.This fetus is buriedunderneath a new constructionas a gift to thePachamama.And where can you findthese?Here, in La Paz, inMercado de las Brujas.Here, you will also find spiritual guideswho have great knowledgeof herbs and minerals to cure disease. I'd like to know aboutmy health...Horacio:Will I be ok?Spiritual guide:What's your name?Horacio:My name is Horacio.TheKallawayasread coca leavesand the back of the eyes in the same waythat aradiologist interprets an X-ray.In this market you can also buy a verycommon product inBolivia:The coca leaf.Despite the negative imagethe coca leaf has around the world,inthe Andean territorythe tradition of"pijchar"is respected."Pijchar"means putting cocaleavesin one’s mouth and chewing but without ever swallowing them.This old Incancustomis practiced to this day in all of the Andean territory.Why?Because it reliveslightheadedness, fatigue and hunger.Also, all over Bolivia, we can findcoca leaves in themate de coca.That is, an infusion with coca leavesthat is served in every restaurant inthe country.That'sBolivia, a country of contraststhat coexist in the same spaceand at the same time.Look at the view!

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Club cultura1Club cultura, VideoscriptBoliviaIntroducción¡Bienvenido a Bolivia!Te acabo de saludar en aimara,en guaraní y en español.Son solotres de las muchas lenguasoficiales que se hablan aquí.Luego te voy a contar cuántas.¡No te lo vas a creer!Bolivia es un país sumamente multicultural.Geográficamente, Bolivia está en elcentrodel continente sudamericano,y por lo tanto no tiene costa.Un factor muy interesante,esque aquí en Bolivialas diferentes altitudes determinan la gran diversidad declimas ytemperaturas.Hay lugares a 20.000 pies de alturaen la Cordillera de los Andes,y otros a 300 pies,como Los Llanos.Y muchos lugares intermedios como el altiplano,laAmazonía,y ElChaco.Esto hace de Bolivia uno de los paísescon mayorbiodiversidad del mundo.Tiene15 ecoregiones diferentes.Sin duda, Bolivia es un país de extremos.Acabo de aterrizar en el aeropuerto El Alto,el aeropuerto internacional más alto delmundo.Está situado junto a La Paz,a 3.550 metros sobre el nivel delmar.Es la capitalmás alta del mundo.Debido a su altura, el nivel de oxígeno es tan bajoque muchos de losvisitantes se sientenmareados los primeros días al llegar.Cerca de La Paz está el lago Titicaca,el lago navegable más alto del mundo.Si no tegustan los sapos, no te acerques mucho a esta orillaporque dicen que aquí viven los másgrandes del mundo.Al sur del país, está el Salar de Uyuni,el mayor desierto de sal delmundo.La mayor reserva mundial de litio.Generalmente, cuando la gente piensa en Bolivia,se imagina un país de montañas.Sinembargo, el 60% del territorio Bolivianoestá en la región amazónica.Y aquí, seencuentra la capital económica del país:la ciudad tropical de Santa Cruz de la Sierra,lamás grande de Bolivia.Con 2millones y medio de habitantesy que provee el 80% de laagricultura del país.Civilizaciones antiguas de Bolivia¿Te acuerdas que te iba a dar más informaciónacerca de las lenguas que se hablan enBolivia?Pues son 37 y desde la Constitución del 2009 son todas oficiales.Estamultiplicidad de lenguasrepresenta la diversidad de culturas.Aquí, en Tiahuanaco,estaba una de ellas:la cultura tiahuanacota,la más antigua de Bolivia.O la culturaincaica, que construyó este camino.De todas esas culturas nació un país multiétnico ypluricultural.De hecho, el nombre oficial de este país es el "Estado Plurinacional deBolivia".

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