Test Bank for Mosaics: Reading and Writing Paragraphs, 8th Edition

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Test BankforMosaics:Reading and Writing ParagraphsEighth EditionKim Flachmann,California State University, Bakersfield

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Dedicated to students—our motivation and inspirationto continuedoing what we love to dodespite budgets, politics, and the economy.We teach for you.

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CONTENTSPreface........................................................................................................................……...........viiAcknowledgments.......................................................................................................................viiiInstructor Resource Center..........................................................................................................ixI: GETTING READY TO TEACHPart I:Statement of Purpose……...............................................................................2Part II:Some Basic Commitments...............................................................................4Your Role in Your Writing Class..............................................................4Helping Students Join the Academic Community.....................................5Your Students’ Learning Styles................................................................5Multiple Intelligences and Your Students…………………...................10Part III:More PracticalSuggestions………………………………………................16Frequently Asked Questions...................................................................16Classroom Management..........................................................................20The First Day of Class.............................................................................22Service Learning.....................................................................................32Teaching Revising and Editing………...................................................33Handling the Paper Load.........................................................................34Part IV:Syllabuses......................................................................................................39Preliminaries............................................................................................39CourseRequirements and Guidelines.....................................................40Suggested Weekly Schedules..................................................................41Part V:Mosaicsand MyLabWriting……………………….....................................47Why Use MyLabWritingto ComplementMosaics?..............................47Pedagogical Advantages of MyLab Writing……………………………47How MyLabWritingIs Integrated intoMosaics....................................48Instructional Features ofMyLabWriting................................................49Helpful Tips and Frequently Asked Questions.......................................50Suggested Weekly MyLabWritingSchedules........................................53II: ADDITIONAL PRACTICES AND ASSIGNMENTSPart I:Reading and Writing forSuccess in College(Chaps 1-4).............................56Teaching Strategies.................................................................................56Journal Entries.........................................................................................56Quizzes....................................................................................................56Part II:Essays: Paragraphs in Context.......................................................................58Chapter 5:How to Readan Essay...........................................................58Teaching Strategies...........................................................................58Journal Entries..................................................................................58Quizzes.............................................................................................59

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iiChapter 6: How toWrite an Essay..........................................................62Teaching Strategies...........................................................................62Journal Entries..................................................................................63Quizzes.............................................................................................63Chapter7: Writing Workshop.................................................................66Teaching Strategies...........................................................................66Journal Entries..................................................................................66Part III:Reading and Writing Effective Paragraphs....................................................67Chapter8: Describing..............................................................................67Teaching Strategies...........................................................................67Journal Entries..................................................................................67Quizzes.............................................................................................67Practicing Description.......................................................................70Chapter9: Narrating................................................................................77Teaching Strategies...........................................................................77Journal Entries..................................................................................77Quizzes.............................................................................................77Practicing Narration..........................................................................80Chapter10: Illustrating............................................................................85TeachingStrategies...........................................................................85Journal Entries..................................................................................85Quizzes.............................................................................................85Practicing Illustration........................................................................89Chapter11: Analyzing a Process.............................................................97Teaching Strategies...........................................................................97Journal Entries..................................................................................97Quizzes.............................................................................................97Practicing Process Analysis............................................................100Chapter 12: Comparing and Contrasting...............................................107Teaching Strategies.........................................................................107Journal Entries................................................................................107Quizzes...........................................................................................107Practicing Comparison/Contrast.....................................................110Chapter 13: Dividing and Classifying...................................................117Teaching Strategies.........................................................................117Journal Entries................................................................................117Quizzes...........................................................................................117PracticingDivision/Classification..................................................120Chapter 14: Defining.............................................................................127Teaching Strategies.........................................................................127Journal Entries................................................................................127Quizzes...........................................................................................127Practicing Definition.......................................................................130Chapter 15: Analyzing Causes and Effects...........................................137Teaching Strategies.........................................................................137Journal Entries................................................................................137Quizzes...........................................................................................137Practicing Cause/Effect...................................................................140Chapter 16: Arguing..............................................................................147Teaching Strategies.........................................................................147

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iiiJournal Entries................................................................................147Quizzes...........................................................................................147Practicing Argument.......................................................................151Part IV:The Handbook.......................................................................................162Unit 1: THE BASICS.............................................................................162Chapter 17: Parts of Speech..................................................................163Teaching Parts of Speech...............................................................163Practices..........................................................................................163Chapter Review...............................................................................171Quizzes...........................................................................................172Chapter 18: Phrases and Clauses...........................................................174Teaching Phrases............................................................................174Practices..........................................................................................174Teaching Clauses............................................................................175Practices..........................................................................................176Chapter Review...............................................................................177Quizzes...........................................................................................178Unit 2:SENTENCES.............................................................................181Chapter19: Subjects and Verbs............................................................182Practices..........................................................................................182Chapter Review...............................................................................184Quizzes...........................................................................................185Chapter 20: Fragments..........................................................................188Teaching Fragments........................................................................188Practices..........................................................................................188Chapter Review...............................................................................194Quizzes...........................................................................................195Chapter 21: Fused Sentences andComma Splices................................198Teaching Fused Sentences and Comma Splices.............................198Practices..........................................................................................198Chapter Review...............................................................................202Quizzes...........................................................................................203Unit 3: VERBS.......................................................................................206Chapter 22: Regular and Irregular Verbs..............................................207Practices..........................................................................................207Chapter Review...............................................................................210Quizzes...........................................................................................211Chapter 23:Verb Tense.........................................................................214Teaching Verb Tense......................................................................214Practices..........................................................................................214Chapter Review...............................................................................223Quizzes...........................................................................................224Chapter 24: Subject-Verb Agreement...................................................227Teaching Subject-Verb Agreement.................................................227Practices..........................................................................................227Chapter Review...............................................................................233Quizzes...........................................................................................233Chapter 25: More onVerbs...................................................................236Teaching More on Verbs................................................................236Practices..........................................................................................236

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ivChapter Review...............................................................................238Quizzes...........................................................................................239Unit 4: PRONOUNS..............................................................................242Chapter 26: Pronoun Problems..............................................................243Teaching Pronoun Problems...........................................................243Practices..........................................................................................243Chapter Review...............................................................................248Quizzes...........................................................................................248Chapter 27:Pronoun Reference and Point of View..............................252Practices..........................................................................................252Chapter Review…...........................................................................254Quizzes...........................................................................................255Chapter 28: Pronoun Agreement...........................................................258Teaching Pronoun Agreement........................................................258Practices..........................................................................................258Chapter Review...............................................................................260Quizzes...........................................................................................261Unit 5: MODIFIERS.............................................................................264Chapter29: Adjectives..........................................................................265Teaching Adjectives.......................................................................265Practices..........................................................................................265Chapter Review...............................................................................269Quizzes...........................................................................................270Chapter 30: Adverbs..............................................................................275Teaching Adverbs...........................................................................275Practices..........................................................................................275Chapter Review...............................................................................279Quizzes...........................................................................................279Chapter 31: Modifier Errors..................................................................282TeachingModifier Errors...............................................................282Practices..........................................................................................282Chapter Review...............................................................................284Quizzes...........................................................................................285Unit 6: PUNCTUATION.......................................................................288Chapter 32: End Punctuation.................................................................289Teaching End Punctuation..............................................................289Practices..........................................................................................289Chapter Review...............................................................................292Quizzes...........................................................................................295Chapter 33:Commas.............................................................................296Teaching Commas..........................................................................296Practices..........................................................................................296Chapter Review...............................................................................302Quizzes...........................................................................................303Chapter 34: Apostrophes.......................................................................306Teaching Apostrophes....................................................................306Practices..........................................................................................306Chapter Review...............................................................................309Quizzes...........................................................................................310Chapter 35: Quotation Marks................................................................313TeachingQuotation Marks.............................................................313

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vPractices..........................................................................................313Chapter Review...............................................................................316Quizzes...........................................................................................317Chapter 36: Other Punctuation Marks...................................................320Teaching Other Punctuation Marks................................................320Practices..........................................................................................320Chapter Review...............................................................................323Quizzes...........................................................................................324Unit 7: MECHANICS............................................................................327Chapter 37:Capitalization.....................................................................328Teaching Capitalization..................................................................328Practices..........................................................................................328Chapter Review...............................................................................329Quizzes...........................................................................................332Chapter 38: Abbreviations and Numbers..............................................333Teaching Abbreviations and Numbers............................................333Practices..........................................................................................333Chapter Review...............................................................................335Quizzes...........................................................................................336Unit 8:EFFECTIVE SENTENCES.......................................................339Chapter39: Varying Sentence Structure...............................................340Teaching Varying Sentence Structure............................................340Practices..........................................................................................340Chapter Review...............................................................................344Quizzes...........................................................................................345Chapter 40: Parallelism.........................................................................348Practices..........................................................................................348Chapter Review...............................................................................349Quizzes...........................................................................................350Chapter 41: Combining Sentences........................................................353Practices..........................................................................................353Chapter Review...............................................................................357Quizzes...........................................................................................358Unit 9: CHOOSING THE RIGHT WORD............................................361Chapter 42: Standard and Nonstandard English....................................362Practices..........................................................................................362Chapter Review...............................................................................364Quizzes...........................................................................................365Chapter 43: Easily Confused Words.....................................................368Practices..........................................................................................368Chapter Review...............................................................................370Quizzes...........................................................................................371Chapter 44: Spelling..............................................................................374Teaching Spelling...........................................................................374Practices..........................................................................................378Chapter Review...............................................................................382Quizzes...........................................................................................382UNIT QUIZZES.....................................................................................386

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viIII: REFERENCE MATERIALPart I:Readability Levelsfor Professional Essays.................................................451Part II:Grading Guides............................................................................................453Part III:Answers to Practices and Quizzes...............................................................464Section II: Part I....................................................................................464Section II: Part II...................................................................................465Section II: Part III..................................................................................467Section II: Part IV: The Handbook........................................................492Unit Quizzes..........................................................................................560Part IV:Selected Reading..........................................................................................587

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viiPREFACEThis resource manual is intended to help you live a better life. By that we mean it will help youprepare for and teach your classes so that you will not only use your class time as effectively as possiblebut will also actually have a life beyond the classroom that is not entirely consumed by course planningand paper grading.To help you achieve this goal, our manual is divided into three sections:I: Getting Ready to Teach,which includes specific time-saving information for preparing your classes;II: Additional Practices andAssignments,which is filled with teaching ideas and more exercises for each section of the student book;andIII: Reference Material,which provides some additional useful resources for your teaching.Here is a more specific outline of each section:I: Getting Ready to Teachcontains five parts that will help you prepare for your writing classes:Part Iis a statement of purpose for theMosaicsseries.Part IIgives you some guidelines for definingyour role in relation to your students.Part IIIoffers answers to frequently asked questions, ideas for classroom management, andmethods for handling the paper load in a typical writing class.Part IVsuggests several specific ways of organizing thematerial inMosaicsto achieve yourvarious course goals.Part Vexplains the useful supplementary material.II:AdditionalPracticesandAssignmentsprovidessuggestedteachingstrategies,journalassignments, and more practice for each segment of thetext.III: Reference Materialcontains resources that you can include in teaching your writing course(s),such as readability levels for the professional essays, grading guidelines for marking essays, answersto the additional exercises in this resource manual, and suggestions for additional reading.Our intention in thisInstructor’sResource Manualis to give you concrete guidelines for using yourtime with your students as efficiently as possible. In its own way, this manual will help you achieve yourcourse objectives and make your teaching life effective and profitable. With the time-saving strategies weoffer here, we believe you will not only enjoy your classes more but also increase the time you have foryourself and your personal life.

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viiiACKNOWLEDGMENTSWe are deeply indebted to our students, who have taught us a great deal about writing and about theteaching of writing. They continually help us assess and reassess what we do in the classroom and why wedo it.Our special thanks go toTiffany Wong,Brooke Hughes, Randi Brummett-DeLeon, Valerie Turner,Cheryl Smith, Li’i Pearl, Monique Idoux, Matt Woodman, Victoria Bockman, Thomas Board, and MistyKuykendall for helping us create a manual that will be useful to faculty members from different parts ofthe country with divergent instructional needs.We are also grateful toPearson Higher Education for the guidance and inspiration for this projectthat they provided throughthe enduring wisdom of Matt Wright, CraigCampanella, and Maggie Barbieri,previous editors of developmental English at Pearson and Prentice Hall; the thoughtful leadership of ChrisHoag, vice president and executive portfolio manager of developmental English, Karon Bowers, directorand courseware portfolio manager, and Matt Summers, portfolio manager;andthe special inspiration ofMike Coons and Erin Rush, marketing managers.Wealsogreatlyappreciate the wisdom provided byOhlinger Studios through the creative guidance ofNoelle Bauman, Supplements Project Manager.We also want to thank the following individuals and publishers for giving us permission to printmaterial that has appeared previously in other sources:“Multiple Intelligences and Your Students,” adapted from Carol Carter, JoyceBishop, and Sarah LymanKravits (Keys to Success, Prentice Hall, 2001) and based on Howard Gardner’sFrames of Mind: TheTheory of Multiple Intelligences, 1983, and David Lazear’sSeven Pathways of Learning, 1994.Kathleen Hudson, “Basic Interview Format,” from a workshop by Kathleen Hudson,Schreiner College,Kerrville, Texas.National Institute of Education, “Students’ Perceptions of Themselves as Writers,”Research in theEffective Teaching of Writing, Final Report, NIE-G-91-0011, July 1986.James Peck, “Learning Style Preference Form.” Reprinted with permission of James Peck, LD Specialist,West Valley College, Saratoga, CA.Kim FlachmannCody Ganger

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ixInstructor Resource CenterDOWNLOADING RESOURCES1.Go tohttps://www.pearson.com/us/higher-education.html, andcreate an account using your campusemail address.2.After logging in to the site, use the search bar at the top right corner of thepage,and type in“Mosaics Paragraphs.”3.After being directed to the catalog page for your text, click the “Instructor Resources”link locatedunder the “If You’re an Educator” tab.4.Click on theDownloadlinkunderthe resource you want to download.

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1I: Getting Ready to Teach

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2PARTIStatement of PurposeTeaching people how to write good essays is like helping them piece together various visual imagesinto a beautiful, vivid, coherent mosaic artwork. It is anarduous but satisfying process that, for some ofus, is our entire life’s work. We wake up and go to bed thinking of ways to do our jobs better, reach ourstudents more consistently, and be more efficient in the process. What we have chosen to do for a livingis compelling, frustrating, exciting, and exasperating—occasionally all at the same time. What we need isa way to do what has to be done in a more effective manner. That is what we believe we have developedin this series of books: a new, refreshing way to carry out the goals that we all believe in;a way to put themosaic together that works for all of our students, while allowing for individual differences in their writingprocesses.T H EM O S A I C SS E R I E STheMosaicsseries consists of three books, eachwith a different emphasis:Reading and WritingSentences,Reading and Writing Paragraphs,andReading and Writing Essays.The first book highlightssentence structure, the second book paragraph development, and the third the composition of essays. Eachbook introduces the writing process as a unified whole and asks students to begin writing in the very firstchapter. Each volume also moves from personal to more academic writing. The books differ in the lengthand level of their reading selections, the complexity of their writing assignments, the length and level oftheir student writing samples, and the level of the handbook instruction.Mosaics: Reading and Writing Paragraphsis the second in this series of three books that teachesthe basic skills so necessary to all good academic writing. By focusing on eight primary purposes forwriting in each book,this series illustrates how the companion skills of reading and writing are parts of alarger process that moves back and forth through the tasks of prereading/reading, prewriting/writing, andrevising/editing. In other words, theMosaicsseries shows how these tasks are integrated at every stage ofthe writing process.O U RC O M M O NG O A L SOur main goal behind this project is to help students respond to the varying intellectual demandsplaced on them throughout the college curriculum so that ultimately they have an excellent chance ofsucceeding in higher education. As a result, this series of three books teaches the processes and skillscommon to all good academic writing.Achieving this goal is based on the following assumptions about the teaching of writing:•Students must thinkcritically and analytically to succeed in college.•Students build confidence in their ability to read and write by reading andwriting.•Students learn best from discovery and experimentation rather than from instruction and abstractdiscussions.

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