The Impact of Study Environment and Gender on GPA Improvement: A 2 � 3 Between-Subjects Factorial ANOVA

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The Impact of Study Environment and Gender on GPA Improvement: A 2 × 3Between-Subjects Factorial ANOVA2×3 Between-Subjects Factorial ANOVA: Study Environments by GenderThis study investigates whether study environment affects academic performance. In addition, this studyinvestigates whether sex of student "moderates" the effect of study environment on academicperformance (that is, do males and females differ in how much benefit they get from studying in certainenvironments).During the first half of the spring semester, 120 male students and 120 female students in grade 10 at apublic high school in a large metropolitan area in the southwestern region of the United States wererandomly assigned to one of three study environment: study in front of the TV, at the library, or in thefood court. The students could ONLY study in the environment to which they were assigned during theresearch period. At the end of the 7-week research period, mid-term GPA was computed for eachstudent. A change score was computed for each student: each student's spring midterm GPA wassubtracted from his or her GPA for the preceding fall semester. The difference was each student's GPAImprovement score. The GPA improvement score was used to measure academic performance.Directions:Using the SPSS 2 × 3 ANOVA data file for Module 4 (located in Topic Materials), answer the followingquestions. NOTE: Helpful hints are provided here for you to use while answering these questions. Thereis no separate answer sheet/guide touse while doing this assignment.What are the two independent variables in this study?What is the dependentvariable?The dependent variable is GPA Improvement.Theindependent variables are Environment and Gender.Why is a two-way between-subjects factorial ANOVA the correct statistic to use forthis research design?Because there are 2 levels of Genderfactorand 3 levels of Environmentfactorsthat is why this isa two-way between-subjects factorial ANOVA.Did you find any errors that the researcher made when setting up the SPSS data file(Remember to check the variable view)?If so, what did you find? How did youcorrect it?The data was entered correctlyin SPSSbutmeasure of a variable is not defined in proper order.For gender variable, the measurement should be“Nominal” but it is defined as “Scale”.

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Run Descriptive Statistics on the dependent variable data. What dothe skewness andkurtosis values tell you about whether the data satisfy the assumption of normality?From the above descriptive statistics of GPA Improvement variable, we can see that the mean is0.2867with standard deviation as0.24781.The skewness value is0.652which isbiggerthan0.It means that the distribution is Left skewed because most values are concentrated on the rightof the mean, with extreme values to the left.The kurtosis value is-0.063 which is less than 3. Itmeans that distributionis Platykurtic becausethe probability for extreme values is less than for anormal distribution, and the values are wider spread around the mean.The p-value for Shapiro-Wilkis 0.000 which is less than 0.05,it means that data is not normally distributed.

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