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War in Darfur Analysis: Assignment 1

Assessment of the Darfur conflict and its humanitarian impact.

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WAR IN DARFUR1War inDarfurAnalysis: Assignment 1Joseph BrownDr. Timothy SmithPAD-540January 29, 2014How have the political decisions made by Sudanese President Omar al-Bashir and internationalinterventions, particularly by the UnitedStates and the United Nations, impacted the ongoingconflict and humanitarian crisis in Darfur? In your response, analyze the root causes of theconflict, the major humanitarian consequences, and the roles of various international actorsinvolved. (Word count: 1200-1500 words)

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WAR IN DARFUR2Part I: War in DarfurIntroductionSudan is Africa’s largest country, roughly the size of Western Europe.It is geo-strategically significant,especially to an imperial US. Thanks to its location,it is the backdoorto the Middle East.Thanks to its size, it has the potential to be a dominant power in the Africancontinent, and thanks to its oil, it has what advanced capitalist economies crave the most.Darfur, roughly the size of France, is the westernmost province of Sudan.“It was long a place ofSudanic states, with Daju and Tunjur kingdoms preceding thatof Darfur (founded circa 1630),where asmall sultanate of Masalit emerged in the west in the 19th century” (Reyna 2010).According to theColumbia Electronic Encyclopedia, in 1989, a military coup broughtOmar al-Bashir and some fellow officers to power in alliance with the Islamist movement, theNational Islamic Front (NIF) led by Hassan al Turabi. The new regime immediately posedproblems in Darfur, especially for non-Arab peoples.It divided Darfur in1994 into threesmaller states;North, West and South Darfur.In doing soit made certain that, ‘boundaries weregerrymandered to make the Fur a minority in each of the states’, thereby diminishing Fur power.Ayear later the central government appointed eight Arab emirs in West Darfur. This directlythreatened Masalit authority in their West Darfurian heartland. Darfur was swiftly becoming a‘dar al-harba’ (Sudanese Arabic, ‘land of war’).During the decade between 1989 and 1999 what had begun as small localized quarrelsbecame a larger regional conflict in which the Khartoum regime increasingly sought to interveneto augment its own authority.“Khartoum’s manipulation of land tenure problems on the side ofArabs provoked two wars, an Arab–Fur (1987–89) and an Arab–Masalit (1995–99) war” (Reyna2010).Arabs began to form militias as early as the middle 1980s and, during the Arab–Masalit
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