World Regional Geography: Global Patterns, Local Lives Seventh Edition Test Bank

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EPILOGUES
TEST BANK, 7e
EPILOGUE 1: POLAR REGIONS
INTRODUCTION
Multiple Choice
1. Which change is NOT being experienced in the polar regions?
A) climate change transforming areas once covered in ice into open ocean and land
B) increasing trade and resource extraction
C) shifting politics as nations compete for control of the region
D) shrinking cities as energy resources are exhausted
Ans: D
Page: 659–660
Difficulty Level: 2
Bloom’s Level: Remembering
2. New developments in the polar regions are MOST likely to include:
A) open pit copper mines and windmill farms.
B) tourism and commercial farming.
C) retirement communities and nuclear waste storage sites.
D) reindeer farms and paper recycling plants.
Ans: A
Page: 659–660
Difficulty Level: 1
Bloom’s Level: Remembering
True/False
3. In the Arctic, the sun never sets for part of the summer, and never rises for part of the winter.
A) True
B) False
Ans: A
Page: 660
Difficulty Level: 1
Bloom’s Level: Remembering
PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY
Multiple Choice
4. Which statement is the BEST description of the physical landscape of the Arctic?
A) Landforms are highly varied, centered on an ocean surrounded by coastal lowlands and a few
mountain ranges.
B) Only two major river systems drain into the Arctic Ocean.
C) While it is covered in ice caps, it is known for a having very little evidence of glacial erosion.
D) It holds roughly 90 percent of the world’s ice and 70 percent of its fresh water.

Ans: A
Page: 660
Difficulty Level: 2
Bloom’s Level: Understanding
5. Which factor does NOT describe the climate of the polar regions?
A) bitter cold
B) excessive moisture
C) snow and ice
D) lack of sunlight
Ans: B
Page: 660
Difficulty Level: 1
Bloom’s Level: Remembering
Short Answer
6. This is a long, narrow inlet formed by glacial erosion.
Ans: fjord
Page: 660
Difficulty Level: 1
Bloom’s Level: Remembering
True/False
7. Antarctica holds roughly 90 percent of the world’s ice and 70 percent of its fresh water.
A) True
B) False
Ans: A
Page: 660
Difficulty Level: 1
Bloom’s Level: Remembering
8. Parts of the Arctic and Antarctic are classified as desert.
A) True
B) False
Ans: A
Page: 660
Difficulty Level: 1
Bloom’s Level: Remembering
ENVIRONMENT
Multiple Choice
9. Which effect is NOT a result of climate change in the Arctic?
A) Sea ice has decreased by 8 percent in the past three decades.
B) The Arctic Ocean may be ice-free during summers by 2030.
C) Ice and snow are accumulating in western part of the Arctic.

D) Polar bears, walruses, and some seabirds are being challenged by these changes.
Ans: C
Page: 660
Difficulty Level: 2
Bloom’s Level: Remembering
Short Answer
10. This is the increase in the intensity of climate change at the poles.
Ans: polar amplification
Page: 661
Difficulty Level: 1
Bloom’s Level: Remembering
11. Whales, seals, penguins, and fish feed on these tiny crustaceans, which are being reduced by rising
ocean temperatures.
Ans: krill
Page: 661
Difficulty Level: 1
Bloom’s Level: Remembering
True/False
12. Climate change at the poles my result in decreased greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, as the
permafrost thaws and polar oceans warm.
A) True
B) False
Ans: B
Page: 661
Difficulty Level: 2
Bloom’s Level: Understanding
GLOBALIZATION AND DEVELOPMENT
Multiple Choice
13. Which effect is NOT likely to occur as a result of climate change on the natural resource development
in the polar regions?
A) Mining and energy operations will be better able to navigate polar oceans.
B) Mining and energy operations will be able to build roads to areas that were previous inaccessible by
car or truck.
C) Small-scale hunting and fishing operations will have to develop new techniques as temperatures warm.
D) The fishing industry will have to drastically increase its catches in the Southern Ocean to turn profits
before climate change takes effect.
Ans: D
Page: 662
Difficulty Level: 2
Bloom’s Level: Remembering

Short Answer
14. Many countries want to renegotiate this treaty, which currently bans all resource extraction in
Antarctica.
Ans: the Antarctica Treaty of 1959
Page: 662
Difficulty Level: 1
Bloom’s Level: Remembering
True/False
15. Warming at the poles may bring more potential for economic development from large-scale
operations like mining and energy.
A) True
B) False
Ans: A
Page: 662
Difficulty Level: 1
Bloom’s Level: Remembering
POWER AND POLITICS
Multiple Choice
16. Which statement BEST describes the political issues in the polar regions?
A) The Arctic Council focuses on geopolitical and security issues.
B) In the Arctic, there are currently disputes between Canada, Denmark, Russia, and the United States
over several islands and the surrounding seas to which UNCLOS would grant owner’s rights.
C) The Arctic has a long history of peace and there is little military presence.
D) The Antarctic has a long history of strategic and war-related activity and nations are expanding their
military presence.
Ans: B
Page: 662
Difficulty Level: 1
Bloom’s Level: Remembering
Short Answer
17. Eight states have territorial claims in the Arctic, and all are members of an intergovernmental forum
known as the _____.
Ans: Arctic Council
Page: 662
Difficulty Level: 1
Bloom’s Level: Remembering
True/False

18. The Arctic Council is primarily focused on geopolitical and security issues.
A) True
B) False
Ans: B
Page: 663
Difficulty Level: 1
Bloom’s Level: Remembering
URBANIZATION
Multiple Choice
19. Which statement is NOT true of urban areas in the polar regions?
A) Urban centers are few and far between in both the Arctic and Antarctic.
C) The largest Arctic cities are in decline because of changes in Russia’s economy.
D) Smaller Scandinavian cities are growing because of interest in resource extraction.
E) The largest Arctic cities are in Russia.
Ans: A
Page: 663
Difficulty Level: 2
Bloom’s Level: Understanding
Short Answer
20. This city was created by the Russian Empire as an ice-free port that would enable Russia’s allies in
World War I to supply it with military equipment. Its population has plummeted since the fall of the
Soviet Union.
Ans: Murmansk
Page: 663
Difficulty Level: 1
Bloom’s Level: Remembering
21. These settlements were set up by the central government of the USSR, in which prisoners were sent to
state-run enterprises to provide labor.
Ans: gulag camps
Page: 663
Difficulty Level: 1
Bloom’s Level: Remembering
True/False
22. Many indigenous people are moving to cities as their livelihoods have become more difficult because
of climate change.
A) True
B) False
Ans: A
Page: 663
Difficulty Level: 1

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Bloom’s Level: Remembering
POPULATION AND GENDER
Multiple Choice
23. Which statement is TRUE of the gender imbalance in the polar regions?
A) Arctic North America, Greenland, and Scandinavia generally have more women than they do men.
B) Antarctica has many more women than they do men due to female dominance in the types of scientific
disciplines practiced at the research stations there.
C) In almost every case, Arctic places have an above-average ratio of women to men with respect to
national averages.
D) The gender imbalance in some indigenous communities is renewing efforts to make governments
regulate the use of chemicals more carefully.
Ans: B
Page: 664–665
Difficulty Level: 1
Bloom’s Level: Remembering
Short Answer
24. This is a process in which the concentration of toxins increases at successive levels of the food chain.
Ans: biomagnification
Page: 665
Difficulty Level: 1
Bloom’s Level: Remembering
True/False
25. Population is declining in the Arctic overall, especially among indigenous populations because their
childbirth rate is so low.
A) True
B) False
Ans: B
Page: 664
Difficulty Level: 1
Bloom’s Level: Remembering
26. Bioaccumulation of chemicals in fish act as endocrine disruptors when ingested by humans in large
amounts; they mimic human hormones that can switch the gender of a fetus from male to female.
A) True
B) False
Ans: A
Page: 665
Difficulty Level: 1
Bloom’s Level: Remembering
SOCIOCULTURAL ISSUES

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Multiple Choice
27. Which statement is NOT true of indigenous populations in the polar regions?
A) Missionaries considered most indigenous cultures in the polar regions to be more advanced than
indigenous groups in other parts of the world.
B) Climate change is threatening indigenous cultures.
C) They have endured many unwelcome influences of national governments, corporations, tourists, and
other outsiders.
D) They have a long history of oppression and dehumanization.
Ans: A
Page: 665–666
Difficulty Level: 2
Bloom’s Level: Understanding
Short Answer
28. This policy was aimed at destroying Sami culture in Norway.
Ans: Norwegianization
Page: 666
Difficulty Level: 1
Bloom’s Level: Remembering
True/False
29. Conservation efforts at the poles are being severely weakened, including conservation plans for polar
bears and protecting wild salmon fishing.
A) True
B) False
Ans: B
Page: 666
Difficulty Level: 1
Bloom’s Level: Remembering
30. The long history of oppression and dehumanization of indigenous people suggest that they will
remain on a semi-impoverished periphery in the era of heightened interest in Arctic resources.
A) True
B) False
Ans: A
Page: 666
Difficulty Level: 1
Bloom’s Level: Remembering
EPILOGUE 2: SPACE
INTRODUCTION

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Multiple Choice
31. What caused the end of missions for Salyut 7?
A) Its cameras stopped working, so it could not photograph phenomena on the surface of Earth.
B) It didn’t meet its expected contributions to oil and gas exploration, agriculture, Earth science, and
mapping.
C) Higher-than-expected discharges of solar particles from the Sun created solar wind drag, and it
descended toward Earth, burning up in the atmosphere.
D) The cosmonauts’ computer crashed, losing all records of their direct observations of Earth.
Ans: C
Page: 668
Difficulty Level: 2
Bloom’s Level: Understanding
Short Answer
32. This is the region of outer space closest to Earth, including the upper atmosphere and extending out
40,000 miles to the farthest reaches of Earth’s magnetic field.
Ans: geospace
Page: 668
Difficulty Level: 1
Bloom’s Level: Remembering
33. _____ space exists between the Sun and planets of our solar system; _____ space exists between our
solar system and others within our galaxy (the Milky Way).
Ans: interplanetary; interstellar
Page: 668
Difficulty Level: 1
Bloom’s Level: Remembering
True/False
34. Outer space is central to our understanding of processes on Earth.
A) True
B) False
Ans: A
Page: 667
Difficulty Level: 1
Bloom’s Level: Remembering
PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY
Multiple Choice
35. The physical geography of outer space CANNOT be described as:
A) intensely cold, up to –454 F (–270 C).
B) having extremely low pressure, approaching a perfect vacuum.

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C) having heavy precipitation, including lightning and thunderstorms.
D) having direct sunlight that creates temperatures of up to 250 degrees F (121 C).
Ans: C
Page: 669
Difficulty Level: 2
Bloom’s Level: Remembering
Short Answer
36. This made up of tiny charged particles emitted by the Sun that travel at millions of miles per hour and
form a gaslike plasma that can conduct electricity and respond to magnetic fields.
Ans: solar wind
Page: 669
Difficulty Level: 1
Bloom’s Level: Remembering
37. Tiny bits of rock, metal, and other solid material called _____ are a hazard in outer space, and are
often created by collisions between larger objects.
Ans: meteoroids
Page: 669
Difficulty Level: 1
Bloom’s Level: Remembering
True/False
38. Outer space approaches a perfect vacuum, which could suck all the air from a human being’s lungs,
causing them to pass out within 15 seconds, and most likely die within 60 seconds.
A) True
B) False
Ans: A
Page: 667
Difficulty Level: 1
Bloom’s Level: Remembering
ENVIRONMENT
Multiple Choice
39. Which example does NOT illustrate how satellites have been used to analyze natural and human-
induced processes on Earth’s surface?
A) estimating deforestation
B) monitoring the likelihood of earthquakes
C) monitoring oil spills and forest fires
D) tracking processes related to climate change
Ans: B
Page: 669
Difficulty Level: 2
Bloom’s Level: Remembering

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40. Which statement is NOT true of the human-made satellites orbiting Earth?
A) They bring hazards that are complicating further space use and exploration.
B) About half of all satellites launched have been for military purposes.
C) Civilian commercial satellites have increased dramatically in the last few years.
D) Many of them are located in geostationary orbit (GEO), posing great risk of becoming dangerous
space junk.
Ans: D
Page: 669-670
Difficulty Level: 2
Bloom’s Level: Remembering
Short Answer
41. A(n) _____ is any object in space that orbits another object of greater mass, and when it no longer
functions, it is considered _____.
Ans: satellite; space junk
Page: 669–670
Difficulty Level: 1
Bloom’s Level: Remembering
True/False
42. A global-scale “civilization killing” asteroid is predicted to hit the Earth once every 100 million years.
A) True
B) False
Ans: A
Page: 670
Difficulty Level: 1
Bloom’s Level: Remembering
GLOBALIZATION AND DEVELOPMENT
Multiple Choice
43. Which statement is TRUE of asteroid mining?
A) Asteroids contain some precious metals such as gold and platinum, but their value is likely not very
significant.
B) Companies plan to mine asteroids by setting up small mining communities on the asteroid itself.
C) Successful asteroid mining would likely create millions of mining jobs across Earth.
D) Asteroid mining can supply space exploration missions given that some asteroids hold large amounts
of water.
Ans: D
Page: 671–672
Difficulty Level: 2
Bloom’s Level: Understanding

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Short Answer
44. This country initiated the first major feasibility test of asteroid mining by landing a probe on an
asteroid, taking samples, and returning to Earth with them.
Ans: Japan
Page: 671
Difficulty Level: 1
Bloom’s Level: Remembering
True/False
45. Commercial activity is now expanding into the building and launching of rockets, as private
companies now provide launch services at costs lower than those from government space programs.
A) True
B) False
Ans: A
Page: 671
Difficulty Level: 1
Bloom’s Level: Remembering
POWER AND POLITICS
Multiple Choice
46. Which statement is NOT true of the militarization of outer space?
A) National militaries have played a pivotal role in space exploration.
B) After World War II, Japanese military scientists played key roles in both the U.S. and Soviet space
programs.
C) Much of the hardware that makes space exploration possible was developed by national militaries.
D) Every major military power on Earth now considers space-based technologies to be an essential part of
warfare.
Ans: B
Page: 672
Difficulty Level: 2
Bloom’s Level: Remembering
Short Answer
47. This act was passed by the U.S. Congress in 2015, giving companies the rights to exploit any minerals
or other nonliving resources they find in space.
Ans: the Space Act of 2015
Page: 672
Difficulty Level: 1
Bloom’s Level: Remembering
48. This treaty forbids nations from claiming territory in space, declaring that the exploration of all
celestial objects “shall be carried out for the benefit and the interests of all countries and shall be the
province of all mankind.”

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Ans: the Outer Space Treaty of 1967
Page: 672
Difficulty Level: 1
Bloom’s Level: Remembering
True/False
49. Many argue that the Outer Space Treaty reduces the potential for armed conflict in space by
preventing nations and corporations from making any broad territorial claims.
A) True
B) False
Ans: A
Page: 672
Difficulty Level: 2
Bloom’s Level: Understanding
URBANIZATION
Multiple Choice
50. Human settlements in space will NOT be hindered by:
A) radiation and space debris.
B) the effects of microgravity.
C) huge temperature swings.
D) intense hurricane-like storms.
Ans: D
Page: 673
Difficulty Level: 2
Bloom’s Level: Remembering
Short Answer
51. During the aftermath of this storm, remote sensing was used to map the exact location and depth of
flooding, and help city planners understand why the city’s flood-protection systems had failed.
Ans: Hurricane Katrina
Page: 673–674
Difficulty Level: 1
Bloom’s Level: Remembering
True/False
52. Despite extensive exercise regimes, humans regularly have declines in bone density, loss of muscle
mass, and permanently impaired vision after visits to space.
A) True
B) False
Ans: A
Page: 673
Difficulty Level: 1
Bloom’s Level: Remembering

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POPULATION AND GENDER
Multiple Choice
53. Which statement is TRUE of remote sensing and population issues?
A) Remote sensing can only provide crude estimate of populations, thus it is not very useful.
B) Food security issues are difficult to measure because of seasonal changes in rainfall and temperature.
C) Satellites can collect data on economic activity and income level based on the use of electricity at
night.
D) There are virtually no health and disease applications of remote sensing yet.
Ans: C
Page: 674
Difficulty Level: 2
Bloom’s Level: Understanding
Short Answer
54. The gender gap in space exploration continues, in part because of the requirement of most space
programs that astronauts have at least a bachelor’s degree in one of which four fields?
Ans: STEM (science, technology, engineering, or mathematics)
Page: 674
Difficulty Level: 1
Bloom’s Level: Remembering
True/False
55. Based on studies of animals, it is nearly certain that humans can produce healthy populations in space.
A) True
B) False
Ans: B
Page: 674
Difficulty Level: 1
Bloom’s Level: Remembering
56. The United States had a 20-year ban on women in the space program based on the perception by
NASA that women were unsuited to the stresses of spaceflight.
A) True
B) False
Ans: A
Page: 674
Difficulty Level: 1
Bloom’s Level: Remembering
SOCIOCULTURAL ISSUES
Multiple Choice

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57. Which statement is NOT an example of how the extension of human civilization into outer space
could parallel European and American history?
A) The focus on asteroid mining mirrors the objectives of early Spanish colonialists, who came to the
Americas seeking gold and other precious metals.
B) The exploration of space could bring new biological resources, similar to the exchange of food crops
between Europe and the Americas.
C) Space-age humanity will fare similarly to indigenous American cultures who were treated with great
respect, as their local knowledge was valuable to the colonizers.
D) Resources from space could provide the basis for a new age of technological advancement and higher
living standards, much like the resources of the Americas fueled Europe’s Industrial Revolution.
Ans: C
Page: 675
Difficulty Level: 2
Bloom’s Level: Understanding
Short Answer
58. This is currently the most habitable extraterrestrial environment within reach.
Ans: Mars
Page: 675
Difficulty Level: 1
Bloom’s Level: Remembering
True/False
59. By 2016, scientists had confirmed the existence of 20 planets that have similar temperature ranges as
those on Earth, and there may be as many as 40 billion habitable Earth-sized planets in the Milky Way
galaxy.
A) True
B) False
Ans: A
Page: 675
Difficulty Level: 1
Bloom’s Level: Remembering
60. The International Space Station (ISS) is the largest peacetime international collaboration in history,
even earning a nomination for the Nobel Peace Prize.
A) True
B) False
Ans: A
Page: 675
Difficulty Level: 1
Bloom’s Level: Remembering

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CHAPTER 1: GEOGRAPHY: AN EXPLORATION OF CONNECTIONS
TEST BANK, 7e
INTRODUCTION
Multiple Choice
1. Central to the study of geography are the questions ________ and ________.
A) who; when
B) why; how
C) where; why
D) how many; when
Ans: C
Page: 2
Difficulty Level: 1
Bloom’s Level: Remembering
2. Which of the following is <i>not</i> an aspect of geographical analysis?
A) spatial analysis
B) multiple scales of analysis
C) cartography
D) lithography
Ans: D
Pages: 3–4
Difficulty Level: 2
Bloom’s Level: Understanding
3. Geography as a discipline links the _________________ with the _____________________.
A) city; state
B) physical sciences; social sciences
C) study of biology; study of sociology
D) people; government
Ans: B
Page: 3
Difficulty Level: 1
Bloom’s Level: Remembering
4. Which of the following is <i>not</i> an example of a geographic inquiry?
A) How did a group of people come to occupy a particular place?
B) How have people modified the physical aspects of a place to suit their needs?
C) How have people contributed to a particular environmental problem?
D) All of the above are examples of geographical inquiry.
Ans: D
Pages: 3–4
Difficulty Level: 2
Bloom’s Level: Applying
5. Which of the following refers to the relationship between the distances shown on the map and the
actual distances on Earth’s surface?
A) scale

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