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Biology /1.3: Carbohydrates: Disaccharides and Polysaccharides

1.3: Carbohydrates: Disaccharides and Polysaccharides

Biology12 CardsCreated 17 days ago

This deck covers key concepts related to disaccharides and polysaccharides, including their formation, breakdown, and testing methods.

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Define disaccharide

Two monosaccharides joined together by a glycosidic bond formed from a condensation reaction
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
Define disaccharide
Two monosaccharides joined together by a glycosidic bond formed from a condensation reaction
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What is maltose formed from?
Glucose+glucose
What is sucrose formed from?
Glucose+fructose
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What is lactose formed from?
Glucose+galactose

What is the reaction that joins monosaccharides and what bond forms?

Condensation reactions
Glycosidic bond

What is the reaction that breaks glycosidic bonds?
Hydrolysis Involves a water molecule
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1.3: Carbohydrates: Disaccharides and Polysaccharides
TermDefinition
Define disaccharide
Two monosaccharides joined together by a glycosidic bond formed from a condensation reaction
What is maltose formed from?
Glucose+glucose
What is sucrose formed from?
Glucose+fructose
What is lactose formed from?
Glucose+galactose

What is the reaction that joins monosaccharides and what bond forms?

Condensation reactions
Glycosidic bond

What is the reaction that breaks glycosidic bonds?
Hydrolysis Involves a water molecule

Describe the test for non-reducing sugars

  1. Carry out the test for a reducing sugar

  2. If the solution doesn’t change colour a reducing sugar isn’t present

  3. Add 2cm3 of the food sample and an equal volume of HCL to a test tube

  4. Heat in a water bath for 5 mins

  5. Slowly add some sodium hydrogen carbonate solution to the test tube

  6. Heat with Benedict’s solution in a water bath for 5 mins

  7. If a reducing sugar is present the solution will turn orange

What is the purpose of adding HCL?
To hydrolyse any dissachraide present into its constituent monosaccharides
What is the purpose of adding sodium hydrogen carbonate?
To neutralise the HCL Benedict’s reagent doesn’t work under acidic conditions
Define polysaccharide
a complex carbohydrates that is made up of more than two monosaccharides joined by condensation reactions with the formation or glycosidic bonds

Why are polysaccharides insoluble and explain the benefit of this feature

They are large molecules
Good for storage

Describe the test for starch

  1. Place 2cm3 of the sample being tested into a test tube

  2. Add two drops of iodine solution

  3. If starch is present the solution turns black/blue