Biology /HOSA: Med Term Overview of Body Part 2
Define ADULT STEM CELLS
stem cells w/primary function of repairing & maintaining tissue they are in
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
Define ADULT STEM CELLS
stem cells w/primary function of repairing & maintaining tissue they are in
Describe EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS
able to form any adult cell; more primitive than adult so don't need perfect match for transplant; found in blood in umbilical cord & placenta
Define STEM CELL THERAPY
stem cells harvested from hematopoietic tissue of bone marrow
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Stem cell therapy is also called what
regnerative medicine
Define GENES
fundamental physical & functional unit of heredity
Define GENOME
complete set of genetic information of organism
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Define ADULT STEM CELLS | stem cells w/primary function of repairing & maintaining tissue they are in |
Describe EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS | able to form any adult cell; more primitive than adult so don't need perfect match for transplant; found in blood in umbilical cord & placenta |
Define STEM CELL THERAPY | stem cells harvested from hematopoietic tissue of bone marrow |
Stem cell therapy is also called what | regnerative medicine |
Define GENES | fundamental physical & functional unit of heredity |
Define GENOME | complete set of genetic information of organism |
Define SOMATIC CELL | any body cell except gametes |
Gene disorders are also called what | hereditary disease |
Describe DOWN SYNDROME | 3rd copy of 21st chromosome; characteristic facial appearance, learning disabilities, developmental delays, physical abnormalities |
Down syndrome is also called what | trisomy 21 |
Cause: Fragile X syndrome | changes in MRI gene (that makes protein for brain development) |
Describe FRAGILE X SYNDROME | X chromosome unstable & breaks; developmental delays, learning disabilities, & behavior problems |
Describe HUNTINGTON’s DISEASE | nerve degeneration w/symptoms midlife; uncontrolled movements, loss of mental abilities, psychiatric disorders |
Cause: Huntington's disease | weird gene produces protein huntingtin |
Describe MARGAN SYNDROME | affects connective tissue everywhere; tall, slender, disproportionately long arms/legs/fingers |
Define MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY | group of genetic disease characterized by progressive muscle weakness & degeneration |
Describe PHENYLKETONURIA | missing digestive enzyme to counter phenylalanine --> increase phenylalanine in blood; manageable w/careful dietary supervision; developmental delays & intellectual disabilities |
Cause: Phenylketonuria | 2 mutated genes prevent processing of phenylalanine |
Define ASTROCYTE | star shaped cell |
Define CYTOLEMMA | cell membrane |
Define FIBRINOLYSIS | destruction of fibers |
Define FIBROBLAST | fiber-forming cell |
Define HEMATOCYTOBLAST | cell where blood cells develop |
Define STYLOID | resembling pole/stake |
Define EPITHELIUM | specialized epithelial cells forming epidermis & surface layer of mucous membranes |
Define ENDOTHELIUM | specialized epithelial lining blood & lymph vessels, body cavities, glands & organs |
Give an example of dense connective tissue | bones & cartilage |
Define LOOSE TISSUES | holds organs in place & bind tissue |
Describe APLASIA | defective development/congenital absence of organ/tissue; doesn't grow normally |
Describe HYPOPLASIA | under development of organ/tissue; gen bc deficiency of # of cells |
Describe ANAPLASIA | change in structure & orientation of cells; characteristic of most cancerous tumors |
Define DYSPLASIA | abnormal development; growth & presence of abnormal cells |
Define HYPERPLASIA | increase # of cells; normal (pregnancy) or precancerous |
Define HYPERTROPHY | increase size but not # of cells |
Define ETIOLOGY | study of cause of disease/abnormal conditions |
Define PATHOGEN | disease producing microorganism |
Define CONTAMINATION | pathogen is possibly present |
Define BLOODBORNE TRANSMISSION | spread via infected bodily fluids; must enter blood stream |
Define VECTOR-BORNE | insect bite |
Define ENDEMIC | ongoing presence of disease in group/area |
Define ORGANIC DISORDER | symptoms are detectable physical changes |
Define FUNCTIONAL DISORDER | physical symptoms but not disease/organic cause indentified |
Functional disorder is also called | non-organic disorder |
Define IATROGENIC ILLNESS | unfavorable response to prescribed treatment |
Define IDIOPATHIC DISEASE | any disease w/o known cause |
Define INFECTIOUS DISEASE | cause is living pathogenic organism |
Define NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION | hospital-acquired infection |
Describe METABOLIC SYNDROME | characteristics/risk factors for heart disease, stroke, & type 2 diabetes; high BP, central adiposity, high insulin, high cholesterol & triglyceride |
Development disorder is also called what | birth defect |