Biology /ATI TEAS: Mendelian Genetics (Laws of heredity)
What is a phenotype?
The physical appearance of a trait formed by genetics and environment.
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
What is a phenotype?
The physical appearance of a trait formed by genetics and environment.
What is the parental generation (P)?
The purebred line without crossbreeding.
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What is the filial generation (Fn)?
A generation from the parental generation. The number noted how many generations away from the parents a specimen is i.e. F2 is 2 generations away (th...
What is the ratio of dominant and recessive phenotypes in F2 generations?
3:1
What is an allele?
A variant of a gene.
What is homozygous?
The state of carrying a pair of identical alleles of a gene.
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
What is a phenotype? | The physical appearance of a trait formed by genetics and environment. |
What is the parental generation (P)? | The purebred line without crossbreeding. |
What is the filial generation (Fn)? | A generation from the parental generation. The number noted how many generations away from the parents a specimen is i.e. F2 is 2 generations away (the parent generation is the grandparent. |
What is the ratio of dominant and recessive phenotypes in F2 generations? | 3:1 |
What is an allele? | A variant of a gene. |
What is homozygous? | The state of carrying a pair of identical alleles of a gene. |
What is heterozygous? | The state of carrying a pair of different alleles of a gene. |
What is a Punnett square? | A tool used to predict the probability of a genotype in offspring. |
What is Mendel's first law of inheritance? | The law of equal segregation, which states that alleles separate equally into gametes. |
What is a monohybrid cross? | A genetic cross that looks at how a single trait is inherited when two heterozygotes mate. |
What is a dihybrid cross? | A genetic cross that looks at how two genes for a single trait are inherited when two heterozygotes mate. |
What is Mendel's second law of inheritance? | The law of independent assortment, which states that when two or more characteristics are inherited, individual hereditary factors assort independently during gamete production giving different traits an equal opportunity of coming together. |
What is incomplete dominance? | A genetic phenomenon in which a heterozygote displays a phenotype that is blended with the two homozygous parent's traits. |
What is codominance? | A genetic phenomenon in which a heterozygote displays a phenotype that shows both the homozygous parent's traits. |
What is epistasis? | A genetic phenomenon in which a 'modifier' gene influences the outcome of a different independent gene. |
In a dihybrid cross, how often does the dominant phenotype appear? | 9/16 times |
What are the blood type alleles and what shows codominance? | A, B, and O. AB shows codominance. |
What is the dihybrid F2 ratio? | 9:3:3:1 |
What is the ratio for a single F2 gene? | 3:1 |