Biology /Medical Terminology: Oncology & Pathology Part 3
Define: biopsy
A medical procedure that involves the removal of tissue samples for examination under a microscope to diagnose disease, including cancer. The doctor recommended a biopsy to confirm the diagnosis of the suspicious lesion.
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
Define: biopsy
A medical procedure that involves the removal of tissue samples for examination under a microscope to diagnose disease, including cancer. The doctor r...
Define: histology
The study of the microscopic structure of tissues, often used in pathology to diagnose diseases, including cancer. The histology report provided impor...
Define: cytology
The examination of individual cells to diagnose diseases, including cancer, often through techniques like Pap smears. The cytology results indicated a...
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Define: immunohistochemistry (IHC)
A laboratory technique used to visualize specific proteins in tissue sections using antibodies, aiding in cancer diagnosis and classification. Immunoh...
Define: fine-needle aspiration (FNA)
A minimally invasive procedure that uses a thin needle to extract cells or fluid from a lump or tumor for diagnostic purposes. The doctor performed a ...
Define: core needle biopsy
A procedure that uses a larger needle to remove a core of tissue from a suspicious area for examination, often providing more information than FNA. A ...
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Define: biopsy | A medical procedure that involves the removal of tissue samples for examination under a microscope to diagnose disease, including cancer. The doctor recommended a biopsy to confirm the diagnosis of the suspicious lesion. |
Define: histology | The study of the microscopic structure of tissues, often used in pathology to diagnose diseases, including cancer. The histology report provided important insights into the tumor's characteristics. |
Define: cytology | The examination of individual cells to diagnose diseases, including cancer, often through techniques like Pap smears. The cytology results indicated abnormal cell changes that required further investigation. |
Define: immunohistochemistry (IHC) | A laboratory technique used to visualize specific proteins in tissue sections using antibodies, aiding in cancer diagnosis and classification. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to determine the presence of specific tumor markers. |
Define: fine-needle aspiration (FNA) | A minimally invasive procedure that uses a thin needle to extract cells or fluid from a lump or tumor for diagnostic purposes. The doctor performed a fine-needle aspiration (FNA) to evaluate the thyroid nodule. |
Define: core needle biopsy | A procedure that uses a larger needle to remove a core of tissue from a suspicious area for examination, often providing more information than FNA. A core needle biopsy was conducted to obtain a more substantial tissue sample from the breast mass. |
Define: frozen section | A rapid diagnostic procedure where a tissue sample is frozen, sliced, and examined under a microscope during surgery to provide immediate results. The surgeon requested a frozen section to confirm the presence of cancer during the operation. |
Define: pathological specimen | A sample of tissue or cells taken for examination to diagnose disease, typically analyzed in a laboratory setting. The pathological specimen was sent for further analysis to determine the tumor type. |
Define: gross examination | The initial inspection of a tissue specimen with the naked eye before microscopic analysis, assessing size, shape, and color. The pathologist conducted a gross examination of the tumor before preparing it for histology. |
Define: microscopic examination | The analysis of tissue samples under a microscope to identify cellular characteristics and diagnose diseases. The microscopic examination revealed abnormal cell structures indicative of cancer. |
Define: hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain | A widely used staining technique in histology that differentiates between cellular components, allowing for the visualization of tissue architecture. The hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain highlighted the tumor's structure during the analysis. |
Define: tumor markers | Substances produced by cancer cells or by the body in response to cancer, used to help diagnose and monitor treatment effectiveness. The doctor ordered blood tests to check for specific tumor markers associated with prostate cancer. |
Define: molecular profiling | A technique used to analyze the genetic makeup of a tumor, helping to identify specific mutations and guide personalized treatment options. Molecular profiling was performed to determine targeted therapies for the patient. |
Define: genomic sequencing | A laboratory method used to determine the complete DNA sequence of an organism's genome, providing insights into genetic mutations and cancer risks. The results of genomic sequencing revealed a mutation linked to increased breast cancer risk. |
Define: flow cytometry | A technique used to analyze the physical and chemical characteristics of cells or particles, often used in hematology and oncology for diagnosing blood cancers. Flow cytometry was utilized to assess the patient's lymphocyte populations. |
Define: imaging (CT, MRI, PET) | Diagnostic techniques that create detailed images of the body's internal structures to identify tumors and assess their size and spread. The oncologist reviewed the imaging results to determine the extent of the disease. |
Define: mammography | An X-ray examination of the breast used to detect tumors and abnormalities, particularly in asymptomatic women. The annual mammography screening revealed a suspicious mass that needed further evaluation. |
Define: ultrasound | A diagnostic imaging technique that uses sound waves to create images of internal organs, often used to evaluate masses or cysts. The ultrasound showed a fluid-filled cyst in the patient's abdomen. |
Define: bone scan | A nuclear imaging technique used to evaluate bone metabolism and identify abnormalities, such as fractures or tumors, throughout the skeletal system. The bone scan indicated increased activity in the area of the suspected lesion. |
Define: endoscopy | A procedure that uses a flexible tube with a camera to visualize the interior of hollow organs, often used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. The gastroenterologist performed an endoscopy to examine the patient's digestive tract. |