1.4: Starch glycogen and cellulose

1. alpha glucose

2. joined by glycosidic {bonds / links} made of both amylose and amylopectin.

3. Amylose has 1- 4 (glycosidic) {bonds / links} AND Amylopectin has 1- 4 and 1- 6 (glycosidic) bonds.

4. Amylose is {spiralled / coiled}, amylopectin is branched. Starch compact molecule

1. Insoulable- doesn’t affect water potential so water isn’t drawn into the cells by osmosis. Doesn’t diffuse out of cells
   2.amylose coils up- compact and a lot can be stored in a small space

2. When hydrolysed it forms alpha glucose which is readily used in respiration

3. amylopectin is branched- molecule can be hydrolysed quickly to release glucose

4. large- unreactive

Energy storage molecule found in plants

Energy storage molecule found in animal cells

Alpha glucose monosaccharides joined together by glycosidic bonds formed by condensation reactions
Highly branched and shorter chains that starch

1.Insoluable- doesn’t affect water potential so water isn’t drawn into cells by osmosis. Doesn’t diffuse out of cells
2. Compact- a lot can be stored in a small space
3. Highly branched so has a lot of ends that can be acted on simultaneously by enzymes. Can be quickly hydrolysed to form glucose monomers which are used respiration. This is important in animals that have a high metabolic and respiratory rate.

1.A major component of plant cell walls
2. Prevents the cell from bursting as water enters by osmosis by providing mechanical support

Straight unbranched chains of beta glucose
Hydrogen bonds form between adjacent chains
Each successive beta glucose unit is rotated 180
1,4 linkages

Beta glucose monomers form long unbranched straight chains. Chains run parallel to each other and are linked by hydrogen bonds which add collective strength. These molecules are grouped to form microfibrils which provide strength for the cell wall