Back to AI Flashcard MakerArt /2022-2024 Year 13 A-Level Psychology - Schizophrenia: Token Economies in the management of Schizophrenia (KR)
2022-2024 Year 13 A-Level Psychology - Schizophrenia: Token Economies in the management of Schizophrenia (KR)
This deck covers the use of token economies as a behavior management technique for schizophrenia, focusing on principles, implementation, and supporting research.
How is token economy used in SZ?
as a management technique
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
How is token economy used in SZ?
as a management technique
What management techniques are used for SZ?
Token Economy
Where is token economy used?
institutions such as psychiatric hospitals
Which approach does token economy use?
Behaviourist approach
Which principles of the behaviourist approach are used to create token economy?
Operant conditioning
Why would token economy need to be used with those who have been institutionalised?
they have developed maladaptive behaviour
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
How is token economy used in SZ? | as a management technique |
What management techniques are used for SZ? | Token Economy |
Where is token economy used? | institutions such as psychiatric hospitals |
Which approach does token economy use? | Behaviourist approach |
Which principles of the behaviourist approach are used to create token economy? | Operant conditioning |
Why would token economy need to be used with those who have been institutionalised? | they have developed maladaptive behaviour |
Give an example of maladaptive behaviour a SZ patient may have developed from being institutionalised? | Bad hygiene or lack of communication |
bad hygiene or lack of communication are examples of what? | maladaptive behaviour |
What is the aim of token economy? | to change patients behaviour so they are easier to manage |
Aside from managing behaviour, what is another aim of token economy? | to provide a better quality of life and enable them to live outside the hospital |
What could operant conditioning use to manage Sz? | Postive reinforcement |
Outline positive reinforcement? | Doing a behaviour to recieve a positive outcome i.e. reward |
How do we use positive reinforcement to manage SZ? | give a patient a reward for completing desirable behaviour |
give examples of desirable behaviour in a hospital? | good hygiene, good communication, taking medication |
What issues might hospital face when handing out direct reinforment? | They may not catch the behaviour in time so the patient doesn’t associate the behaviour with the reward |
How could psychologists avoid the issues with using direct reinforcement? | Use tokens as secondary reinforcement that the patient can trade in for a reward |
Briefly bullet point the steps of token economy | complete the behaviour; recieve a token; exchange the token for reward |
What do tokens act as? | secondary reinforcers |
when do tokens have to be given? | immediately after the behaviour has been completed |
Can tokens just be used by them selves? and if not why? | No, the tokens are not rewarding by themselves |
Who conducted research to support for token economy? | Dickerson et al (2005) |
What did dickerson et al use to research token economy? | a meta analysis of 13 studies |
What was Dickerson et al find in his meta analysis of token economy studies? | that token economy was useful in increasing adaptive behaviour |
Therefore what does Dickerson et al’s research do to the use of token economy? | increases the credibility of token economy |