3MB Psychiatry: Anxiety Disorders

Question 1

List psychological symptoms of anxiety disorders

Accepted Answer

Worry/panicFear of going mad/dyingConcentration problemsRacing thoughtsHypervigilanceInability to relax

Question 2

Anxiety is a normal state. True/False?

Accepted Answer

TrueCauses issues when daily living is affected, however

Question 3

List physical symptoms of anxiety disorders

Accepted Answer

PalpitationsSweatingTremorDizzinessMuscle tensionNumbness/tinglingLump in throat, dysphagiaChest pain/tightnessNausea, vomiting, butterflies

Question 4

What is globus hystericus?

Accepted Answer

Experience of not being able to swallow or eat, typically associated with anxiety

Question 5

How does the amygdala aid in our aversive/defensive psychosystem?

Accepted Answer

Processes information about potential threat before we have even seen it

Question 6

Describe Pavlovian conditioning

Accepted Answer

Associating innocuous stimulus with a particular response by presenting it in turn with another stimulus that provokes that particular response

Question 7

Describe generalised anxiety disorder

Accepted Answer

Excessive persistent worrying that is not restricted to particular circumstances(lasting a few months)

Question 8

Describe panic disorder

Accepted Answer

Recurrent “panic attacks” (episodes of severe, unpredictable anxiety)

Question 9

How long does a panic attack last to be classified as a panic attack?

Accepted Answer

Peaks within 10 minutesLasts up to 45 mins

Question 10

Describe social anxiety disorder

Accepted Answer

Persistent unreasonable fear of being observed or evaluated negatively by other people

Question 11

What is acrophobia?

Accepted Answer

Fear of heights

Question 12

What is claustrophobia?

Accepted Answer

Fear of small spaces

Question 13

What is belenophobia?

Accepted Answer

Fear of injections

Question 14

What is post-traumatic stress disorder?

Accepted Answer

Anxiety developed on the back of exposure to traumatic situations

Question 15

If someone predominately suffers from a traumatic past with flashbacks, what is the condition to look for?

Accepted Answer

PTSD

Question 16

If someone predominately suffers from compulsions and persistent ideas, what is the condition to look for?

Accepted Answer

Obsessive compulsive disorder

Question 17

If someone predominately suffers from uncontrollable worry about several things at once, what is the condition to look for?

Accepted Answer

Generalised anxiety disorder

Question 18

If someone predominately suffers from fear of social scrutiny, what is the condition to look for?

Accepted Answer

Social phobia

Question 19

What is the main aim of psychological/behavioural therapy when tackling anxiety disorders?

Accepted Answer

To understand conditioning and attempt to undo previous learning

Question 20

What is the difference between graded exposure/sensitisation and flooding approach in psychological therapy for anxiety?

Accepted Answer

Graded: slow counter-conditioning involving build-up of coping mechanisms against feared stimuliFlooding: full exposure to feared stimulus + staying with it until fear reduces

Term	Definition
List psychological symptoms of anxiety disorders	Worry/panic Fear of going mad/dying Concentration problems Racing thoughts Hypervigilance Inability to relax
Anxiety is a normal state. True/False?	True Causes issues when daily living is affected, however
List physical symptoms of anxiety disorders	Palpitations Sweating Tremor Dizziness Muscle tension Numbness/tingling Lump in throat, dysphagia Chest pain/tightness Nausea, vomiting, butterflies
What is globus hystericus?	Experience of not being able to swallow or eat, typically associated with anxiety
How does the amygdala aid in our aversive/defensive psychosystem?	Processes information about potential threat before we have even seen it
Describe Pavlovian conditioning	Associating innocuous stimulus with a particular response by presenting it in turn with another stimulus that provokes that particular response
Describe generalised anxiety disorder	Excessive persistent worrying that is not restricted to particular circumstances (lasting a few months)
Describe panic disorder	Recurrent “panic attacks” (episodes of severe, unpredictable anxiety)
How long does a panic attack last to be classified as a panic attack?	Peaks within 10 minutes Lasts up to 45 mins
Describe social anxiety disorder	Persistent unreasonable fear of being observed or evaluated negatively by other people
What is acrophobia?	Fear of heights
What is claustrophobia?	Fear of small spaces
What is belenophobia?	Fear of injections
What is post-traumatic stress disorder?	Anxiety developed on the back of exposure to traumatic situations
If someone predominately suffers from a traumatic past with flashbacks, what is the condition to look for?	PTSD
If someone predominately suffers from compulsions and persistent ideas, what is the condition to look for?	Obsessive compulsive disorder
If someone predominately suffers from uncontrollable worry about several things at once, what is the condition to look for?	Generalised anxiety disorder
If someone predominately suffers from fear of social scrutiny, what is the condition to look for?	Social phobia
What is the main aim of psychological/behavioural therapy when tackling anxiety disorders?	To understand conditioning and attempt to undo previous learning
What is the difference between graded exposure/sensitisation and flooding approach in psychological therapy for anxiety?	Graded: slow counter-conditioning involving build-up of coping mechanisms against feared stimuli Flooding: full exposure to feared stimulus + staying with it until fear reduces
Describe the cognitive triangle	Thoughts create emotions Emotions influence behaviour Behaviour reinforces thoughts
List the medication used for PTSD	SSRI Venlafaxine Benzodiazepines Anticonvulsants
List psychological therapy used for PTSD	CBT EMDR
List the medication used for OCD	Serotonergic antidepressants Antipsychotics Anticonvulsants
List psychological therapy used for OCD	Exposure and response prevention \| CBT
What is the first line treatment for OCD?	Exposure and response prevention
The obsessions in OCD are usually desired and associated with relief. True/False?	False Usually unwanted, recurrent and intrusive Distressing and associated with anxiety
The compulsions in OCD usually lead to reduced anxiety. True/False?	True \| Resistance to compulsion leads to heightened anxiety
OCD is familial. True/False?	True
What is the mean age of onset of OCD?	20 years old
List some clinical features of OCD	Preoccupied with rules, lists, schedules Perfectionism Inflexibility of thought Controlling
List 3 main proposed aetiology for OCD	Genetics (twins) B-haemolytic Strep infection + autoantibodies to basal ganglia Increased blood flow in orbitofrontal cortex, caudate nucleus and cingulate cortex
Which psychiatric medication is usually used in OCD?	SSRI
List the 3 main domains of dysfunctional belief that occur in OCD	Overestimated/inflated sense of responsibility Placing importance on controlling intrusive thoughts Perfectionism + intolerance of uncertainty
What does exposure and response prevention in OCD involve?	Exposure to obsessive stimulus whilst employing strict prevention of compulsion, aiming to lessen distress associated with the stimulus
List 5 screening questions you may ask to probe about OCD	Do you wash/clean a lot? Do you check things a lot? Is there any thought that persistently bothers you? Does it take you a long time to finish things? Are you concerned with orderliness/symmetry?

3MB Psychiatry: Anxiety Disorders

List psychological symptoms of anxiety disorders

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