AP Psychology: Abnormal Behavior and Therapy (Modules 48-55) Part 2

Prescribed medications or medical procedures that act directly on the patient's nervous system

An approach to psychotherapy that, depending on the client's problems, uses techniques from various forms of therapy

Psychoanalytic, humanistic, behavioral and cognitive

Freud's therapeutic technique; releasing repressed feelings and allowing the patient to gain self-insight

Sigmund Freud

Healthier, less anxious living becomes possible when people release the energy they had previously devoted to id-ego-superego conflicts.

To unearth the past (often int eh form of repressed memories from childhood) in hope of unmasking the present

In psychoanalysis, a method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind

In psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety laden material

In psychoanalysis, the analyst's noting supposed dream meanings, resistances and other significant behaviors

In psychoanalysis, the patient's transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships

Therapy deriving from the psychoanalytic tradition that views individuals as responding to unconscious forces and childhood experiences, and that seeks to enhance self insight

A variety of therapies which aim to improve psychological functioning by increasing the client's awareness of underlying motives and defenses

Psychoanalytic therapy focuses on the past, while humanistic therapy emphasizes the present and the future; unconscious thought; revealing hidden determinants over taking immediate responsibility for feelings and actions; and curing over promoting growth.

Humanistic therapy in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening within a genuine, accepting, emphatic environment to facilitate clients' growth

Carl Rogers

Emphatic listening in which the listener echoes, restates and clarifies. A feature of Rogers' client-centered therapy.

A caring, accepting, nonjudgmental attitude, which Carl Rogers believed to be conducive to developing self-awareness and self-acceptance

Therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors

Proponents of behavior therapy doubt the healing powers of self-awareness (ex. you can be aware of why you're anxious and still feel anxious). They believe that the application of learning principles can eliminate problem behaviors.

A behavior therapy procedure that uses classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behaviors; includes exposure therapy and aversive conditioning

Behavioral techniques, such as systematic desensitizations, that treats anxieties by exposing people to the thing they fear and avoid

A type of exposure therapy that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli. Commonly used to treat phobias.

Joseph Wolpe

One could use exposure therapy by exposing the client more to social situations. Systematic desensitization would involve associating a relaxed state of mind with social situations.

An anxiety treatment that progressively exposes people to simulations of their greatest fears, such as airplane flying, spiders or public speaking

A type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state (such as nausea) with an unwanted behaviors (such as drinking alcohol)

Ex. After drinking alcohol laced with a drug that induces vomiting, people may associate alcohol with vomiting.

In the short run, it may. However, cognition influences conditioning; patients know that they can drink without fear of nausea outside of the therapist's office.

Operant conditioning; reinforcing desired behaviors while withholding reinforcement or punishing undesired behaviors.

An operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token of some sort for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange the tokens fro various privileges or treats

Depression

Therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking and acting; based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions

Psychotherapy that focuses on resolving emotional and behavioral problems and disturbances and enabling people to lead happier lives

Albert Ellis

Beck would seek to reverse clients' catastrophizing beliefs about themselves, their situations and their futures through gentle questioning the that reveals illogical thinking (does your failure to get into law school really mean you'll always be unhappy?).

A popular integrative therapy that combines cognitive therapy (changing self-defeating thinking) with behavior therapy (changing behavior)

Anxiety and mood disorders

Therapy in which multiple people meet with one therapist at the same time

Therapy that treats the family as a system; views an individual's unwanted behaviors as influenced by, or directed at, other family members

Alcoholics Anonymous

1) People often enter therapy in crisis.
2) Clients may need to believe that the therapy was worth it.
3) Clients generally speak kindly of their therapist.

Clinical decision-making that integrates the best available research with clinical expertise and patient characteristics and preferences

Wave their finger in front of patients' eyes

The study of the effects of drugs on mind and behavior

Double-blind procedure

Drugs used to treat schizophrenia and other forms of severe though disorder

Involuntary movements of the facial muscles, tongue and limbs; a possible neurotoxic side effect of long-term use of antipsychotic drugs that target certain dopamine receptors

Drugs used to control anxiety and agitation

They reduce symptoms without resolving underlying problems.

Drugs used to treat depression; also increasingly prescribed for anxiety. Different types work by altering the availability of various neurotransmitters.

Anxiety disorders

Norepinephrine and serotonin

Selective serotonin Re-uptake Inhibitor

Bipolar Disorder

Lithium

A biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient

Depression

The application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain; used to stimulate or suppress brain activity

Depression

Surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior

A now-rare psychosurgical procedure once used to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients; the procedure cut the nerves connecting the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain.

Lobotomies decreased people's misery or tension, but also produced permanently lethargic, immature, uncreative individuals.