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Biology IB HL - 6.2 The Blood System Part 8

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This deck covers key concepts related to the blood system, focusing on the structure and function of the heart, blood flow, and related diseases.

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What is the right atrium and ventricles separated by?

The right atrium and ventricle are separated by the tricuspid valve
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
What is the right atrium and ventricles separated by?
The right atrium and ventricle are separated by the tricuspid valve
What is the left atrium and ventricles separated by?
The left atrium and ventricle are separated by the bicuspid valve
What is the first step of the pathway of blood through the heart?
Deoxygenated blood coming from the body flows through the vena cava and into the right atrium
What happens to the blood coming from the vena cava once its in the atrium?
The atrium contracts and the blood is forced through the atrioventricular (tricuspid) valve into the right ventricle
Where does blood from the right ventricle travel?
The ventricle contracts and the blood is pushed through the semilunar valve into the pulmonary artery
Where does the pulmonary artery transport blood to?
The blood travels to the lungs and moves through the capillaries past the alveoli where gas exchange takes place
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Biology IB HL - 6.2 The Blood System Part 8
TermDefinition
What is the right atrium and ventricles separated by?
The right atrium and ventricle are separated by the tricuspid valve
What is the left atrium and ventricles separated by?
The left atrium and ventricle are separated by the bicuspid valve
What is the first step of the pathway of blood through the heart?
Deoxygenated blood coming from the body flows through the vena cava and into the right atrium
What happens to the blood coming from the vena cava once its in the atrium?
The atrium contracts and the blood is forced through the atrioventricular (tricuspid) valve into the right ventricle
Where does blood from the right ventricle travel?
The ventricle contracts and the blood is pushed through the semilunar valve into the pulmonary artery
Where does the pulmonary artery transport blood to?
The blood travels to the lungs and moves through the capillaries past the alveoli where gas exchange takes place
What is the pressure of the blood in the right ventricle and why?
Low pressure blood flow on this side of the heart prevents damage to the capillaries in the lungs
How does oxygenated blood from the lungs return to the heart?
Oxygenated blood returns via the pulmonary vein to the left atrium
What happens to blood in the left atrium?
The atrium contracts and forces the blood through the atrioventricular (bicuspid) valve into the left ventricle
Where does blood go from the left ventricle?
The ventricle contracts and the blood is forced through the semilunar valve and out through the aorta
Which heart chamber has the thickest wall and why?
Thicker muscle walls of the left ventricle produce a high enough pressure for the blood to travel around the whole body
What does the heart require to keep beating?
The heart is a muscle and so requires its own blood supply to enable its cells to carry out aerobic respiration
What is the blood supply to the heart called?
The heart receives blood through arteries on its surface called coronary arteries
What is important about the coronary arteries' health?
It’s important that these arteries remain clear of blockages called plaques, as this could lead to angina or a heart attack (myocardial infarction)
What can occlusion be defined as?
The narrowing of the arteries due to a blockage
What can cause blockage of the arteries?
The arteries can be blocked by the process of atherosclerosis
What does atherosclerosis result in?
Atherosclerosis results in a build-up of layers of fatty material known as plaque inside arteries
What is the main cause of atheroma development? (atherosclerosis)
The main cause of atheroma development is the presence of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) which forms from saturated fats and cholesterol
What is done to the LDL build-up in coronary arteries? (atherosclerosis)
LDL builds up in regions of the arteries and phagocytes move to these areas, engulfing the LDL by endocytosis
What happens to the phagocytes that engulf the LDLs? (atherosclerosis)
The enlarged phagocyte cells are then covered by smooth muscle cells which cause a bulging of the endothelium in the artery
What else can decrease the diameter of the artery and how? (atherosclerosis)
Deposition of calcium ions can worsen the situation by hardening the endothelium. This narrows the lumen of the artery, reducing the space for blood flow
What happens when an atheroma gets too big and starts almost fully blocking an artery?
When an atheroma builds up enough to cause impeded blood flow, tissues do not receive the required level of oxygen and nutrients. This can inhibit cell functions
What disease can occlusion of coronary arteries lead to?
Occlusion of the coronary arteries in particular can lead to significant health issues such as coronary heart disease
What is the main result of coronary heart disease? (v. basic)
The flow of blood through the coronary arteries is reduced, resulting in a lack of oxygen and nutrients for the heart muscle
What does partial blockage of coronary arteries create?
Partial blockage of the coronary arteries creates a restricted blood flow to the cardiac muscle cells and results in severe chest pains called angina as the heart muscle beats faster to try to increase blood supply