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Biology IB HL - 6.2 The Blood System Part 5

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This flashcard deck covers key concepts related to the blood system, including the structure and function of the heart, the cardiac cycle, and the role of the sinoatrial node.

What are the atria and ventricles separated by?

The atria and ventricles are separated by the atrioventricular valves
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
What are the atria and ventricles separated by?
The atria and ventricles are separated by the atrioventricular valves

What are the ventricles and arteries that leave the heart separated by?

atrioventricular valves | The ventricles and the arteries that leave the heart are separated by semi-lunar valves

What is the right ventricle and pulmonary artery separated by?
The right ventricle and the pulmonary artery are separated by the pulmonary valve
What is the left ventricle and aorta separated by?
The left ventricle and aorta are separated by the aortic valve
What two blood vessels bring blood to the heart?
There are two blood vessels bringing blood to the heart; the vena cava and pulmonary vein
What two blood vessels transport blood away from heart?
There are two blood vessels taking blood away from the heart; the pulmonary artery and aorta

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TermDefinition
What are the atria and ventricles separated by?
The atria and ventricles are separated by the atrioventricular valves

What are the ventricles and arteries that leave the heart separated by?

atrioventricular valves | The ventricles and the arteries that leave the heart are separated by semi-lunar valves

What is the right ventricle and pulmonary artery separated by?
The right ventricle and the pulmonary artery are separated by the pulmonary valve
What is the left ventricle and aorta separated by?
The left ventricle and aorta are separated by the aortic valve
What two blood vessels bring blood to the heart?
There are two blood vessels bringing blood to the heart; the vena cava and pulmonary vein
What two blood vessels transport blood away from heart?
There are two blood vessels taking blood away from the heart; the pulmonary artery and aorta
What is systole?
The contraction of the heart is called systole
What is diastole?
The relaxation of the heart is called diastole
What is atrial systole?
Atrial systole is the period when the atria are contracting
What is ventricular systole?
Ventricular systole is when the ventricles are contracting
Approx. how many seconds does atrial systole happen after ventricular systole?
Atrial systole happens around 0.13 seconds after ventricular systole
What does atrial systole do?
Atrial systole forces blood from the atria into the ventricles
What does ventricular systole do?
During ventricular systole, blood is forced from the ventricles into the pulmonary artery and aorta
What is a heartbeat composed of and how long does it last?
One systole and diastole makes a heartbeat and lasts around 0.8 seconds in humans.
What is systole and diastole (a heartbeat) called?
This is the cardiac cycle
What does it mean that the heart muscle is myogenic?
The heart muscle is myogenic, meaning that the heart will beat without any external stimulus from other organs or the nervous system
What is the normal heart rate?
This intrinsic control causes the heart to beat at around 60 beats per minute
What initiates the heart beat?
The heart beat is initiated by a group of cells in the wall of the right atrium called the sinoatrial node (SAN)
What does the SAN do to initiate the heartbeat?
The cells of the sinoatrial node depolarise, reversing the charge across their membranes
What does the depolarisation of the SAN cause?
This triggers a wave of depolarisation that spreads across the rest of the heart
Why is the SAN termed the pacemaker?
The sinoatrial node is considered to be the pacemaker of the heart because it initiates the heart beat and so controls the speed at which the heart beats
What are artificial pacemakers?
Note that artificial pacemakers are electronic devices implanted just underneath the skin. They can be used to replace or regulate the sinoatrial node if it becomes defective
What is the cardiac cycle?
The cardiac cycle is the series of events that take place in one heart beat, including atrial and ventricular systole
What is the cardiac cycle controlled by?
The cardiac cycle is controlled by electrical signals that are initiated in the sinoatrial node
What causes atrial systole?
Depolarisation of the cells in the sinoatrial node sends an electrical signal over the atria, causing them to contract in atrial systole