Biochemistry /Biopsychology Chapter 14 - Psychological Disorders Part 1

Biopsychology Chapter 14 - Psychological Disorders Part 1

Biochemistry25 CardsCreated 13 days ago

This deck covers key concepts related to psychological disorders, focusing on drug interactions, addiction, and autism spectrum disorders.

A drug that mimics or increases the effects of a neurotransmitter is called a(n) ____.

agonist
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
A drug that mimics or increases the effects of a neurotransmitter is called a(n) ____.
agonist
A drug that blocks the effects of a neurotransmitter is called a(n) ____.
antagonist
A drug that blocks the effects of a neurotransmitter is a(n) ____; a drug that mimics or increases the effects is a(n) ____
antagonist; agonist
Which effect would be considered to be antagonistic?
blocking the synthesis of neurotransmitters
Which effect would be considered to be agonistic?
stimulating the release of neurotransmitters
To say that a drug has an affinity for a particular type of receptor is to imply that the drug ____.
binds to that receptor

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TermDefinition
A drug that mimics or increases the effects of a neurotransmitter is called a(n) ____.
agonist
A drug that blocks the effects of a neurotransmitter is called a(n) ____.
antagonist
A drug that blocks the effects of a neurotransmitter is a(n) ____; a drug that mimics or increases the effects is a(n) ____
antagonist; agonist
Which effect would be considered to be antagonistic?
blocking the synthesis of neurotransmitters
Which effect would be considered to be agonistic?
stimulating the release of neurotransmitters
To say that a drug has an affinity for a particular type of receptor is to imply that the drug ____.
binds to that receptor
With respect to drug effects, “efficacy” means the tendency of a drug to ____.
activate a receptor
The brain area most often linked to drug addiction is the ____.
nucleus accumbens
Which neurotransmitter has been repeatedly connected with addictive drugs?
dopamine
An insistent search for the substance or activity to which the individual is addicted is called ____.
craving
As an addiction develops, many of its effects, especially the enjoyable effects, decrease, a phenomenon known as____.
tolerance
As the body comes to expect the drug under certain circumstances, it reacts strongly when the drug is absent, a reaction known as ____
withdrawal
Attempts to identify individual genes associated with addiction have found ____
many genes, each with a small effect
A key gene in addiction controls COMT, an enzyme that breaks down ____ after its release.
dopamine
People with Type II (Type B) alcoholism ____
have rapid onset alcoholism
Studies of individuals at high risk of alcoholism show that ____
alcohol decreases stress more for sons of alcoholics than it does for others
Which drug is used in the treatment of opiate addiction and has the advantage of producing a long-lasting effect so that the person visits a clinic three times a week instead of daily?​
LAAM
A common drug to treat alcoholism that produces illness after consuming alcohol is ____.​
Antabuse
Which drug is used in the treatment of alcoholism to block opiate receptors and thus reduce the pleasure from alcohol?
naloxone
Which drug is viewed as a less potentially harmful substitute for heroin and is taken orally every day?​
Methadone
Worldwide, the median incidence estimate for autism spectrum disorders is about one in ____.
160
Several studies on the role of genetics in autism have focused on ____ —enzymes that regulate the repair and replication of DNA and the production of certain types of RNA​
topoisomerases
Women who take folic acid pills during pregnancy have about ____ the probability of having a child with autism as compared to other women.​
half
About 12% of the mothers of children who have autism spectrum disorders have ___
antibodies that attack certain brain proteins
Studies of the genetics of autism spectrum disorders indicate that ____.
many cases result from new mutations or microdeletions in any of a number of genes