Biochemistry /Biopsychology Chapter 14 - Psychological Disorders Part 1
Biopsychology Chapter 14 - Psychological Disorders Part 1
This deck covers key concepts related to psychological disorders, focusing on drug interactions, addiction, and autism spectrum disorders.
A drug that mimics or increases the effects of a neurotransmitter is called a(n) ____.
agonist
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
A drug that mimics or increases the effects of a neurotransmitter is called a(n) ____.
agonist
A drug that blocks the effects of a neurotransmitter is called a(n) ____.
antagonist
A drug that blocks the effects of a neurotransmitter is a(n) ____; a drug that mimics or increases the effects is a(n) ____
antagonist; agonist
Which effect would be considered to be antagonistic?
blocking the synthesis of neurotransmitters
Which effect would be considered to be agonistic?
stimulating the release of neurotransmitters
To say that a drug has an affinity for a particular type of receptor is to imply that the drug ____.
binds to that receptor
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Term | Definition |
---|---|
A drug that mimics or increases the effects of a neurotransmitter is called a(n) ____. | agonist |
A drug that blocks the effects of a neurotransmitter is called a(n) ____. | antagonist |
A drug that blocks the effects of a neurotransmitter is a(n) ____; a drug that mimics or increases the effects is a(n) ____ | antagonist; agonist |
Which effect would be considered to be antagonistic? | blocking the synthesis of neurotransmitters |
Which effect would be considered to be agonistic? | stimulating the release of neurotransmitters |
To say that a drug has an affinity for a particular type of receptor is to imply that the drug ____. | binds to that receptor |
With respect to drug effects, “efficacy” means the tendency of a drug to ____. | activate a receptor |
The brain area most often linked to drug addiction is the ____. | nucleus accumbens |
Which neurotransmitter has been repeatedly connected with addictive drugs? | dopamine |
An insistent search for the substance or activity to which the individual is addicted is called ____. | craving |
As an addiction develops, many of its effects, especially the enjoyable effects, decrease, a phenomenon known as____. | tolerance |
As the body comes to expect the drug under certain circumstances, it reacts strongly when the drug is absent, a reaction known as ____ | withdrawal |
Attempts to identify individual genes associated with addiction have found ____ | many genes, each with a small effect |
A key gene in addiction controls COMT, an enzyme that breaks down ____ after its release. | dopamine |
People with Type II (Type B) alcoholism ____ | have rapid onset alcoholism |
Studies of individuals at high risk of alcoholism show that ____ | alcohol decreases stress more for sons of alcoholics than it does for others |
Which drug is used in the treatment of opiate addiction and has the advantage of producing a long-lasting effect so that the person visits a clinic three times a week instead of daily? | LAAM |
A common drug to treat alcoholism that produces illness after consuming alcohol is ____. | Antabuse |
Which drug is used in the treatment of alcoholism to block opiate receptors and thus reduce the pleasure from alcohol? | naloxone |
Which drug is viewed as a less potentially harmful substitute for heroin and is taken orally every day? | Methadone |
Worldwide, the median incidence estimate for autism spectrum disorders is about one in ____. | 160 |
Several studies on the role of genetics in autism have focused on ____ —enzymes that regulate the repair and replication of DNA and the production of certain types of RNA | topoisomerases |
Women who take folic acid pills during pregnancy have about ____ the probability of having a child with autism as compared to other women. | half |
About 12% of the mothers of children who have autism spectrum disorders have ___ | antibodies that attack certain brain proteins |
Studies of the genetics of autism spectrum disorders indicate that ____. | many cases result from new mutations or microdeletions in any of a number of genes |