Biochemistry /A-Level PE AQA Diet and Nutrition Part 1
A-Level PE AQA Diet and Nutrition Part 1
This flashcard deck covers key concepts in diet and nutrition, focusing on topics such as cholesterol, carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and vitamins, as outlined in the A-Level PE AQA curriculum.
What is atherosclerosis?
It is where arteries become clogged with fatty substances
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
What is atherosclerosis?
It is where arteries become clogged with fatty substances
What do high-density lipoproteins do?
They transport excess cholesterol in the blood back to the liver where it is broken down and are classed as ‘good cholesterol’ since they lower the ri...
What do low-density lipoproteins do?
They transport cholesterol in the blood to the tissue and are classed as ‘bad cholesterol’ since they are linked to an increased risk of heart disease
What are the two types of carbohydrates?
Simple and complex
What are simple carbs?
They are the quickest source of energy and are easily digested by the body.
Where are simple carbs found?
They are found in fruits as well as in processed foods and anything with refined sugar added
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
What is atherosclerosis? | It is where arteries become clogged with fatty substances |
What do high-density lipoproteins do? | They transport excess cholesterol in the blood back to the liver where it is broken down and are classed as ‘good cholesterol’ since they lower the risk of developing heart disease |
What do low-density lipoproteins do? | They transport cholesterol in the blood to the tissue and are classed as ‘bad cholesterol’ since they are linked to an increased risk of heart disease |
What are the two types of carbohydrates? | Simple and complex |
What are simple carbs? | They are the quickest source of energy and are easily digested by the body. |
Where are simple carbs found? | They are found in fruits as well as in processed foods and anything with refined sugar added |
What are complex carbs? | A form of carbs that take longer for the body to digest |
Where are complex carbs found? | Found in nearly all plant based foods and are also commonly found in bread, pasta, rice and vegetables |
What are carbohydrates? | They are the principal source of energy used by the body. Also the main fuel for high intensity or anaerobic work. |
What are carbohydrates converted in to? | They are converted into glucose |
Where does glucose enter? | It enters the bloodstream |
Where is glucose stored and what is it stored as? | It is stored in the muscle and liver cells as glycogen. |
What are the different types of fats? | Saturated fats, Cholesterol and trans-fats |
What are the impacts of saturated fats? | It can lead to excessive weight gain, reduce flexibility and lead to health problems such as CHD |
Where are saturated fats found? | Found in sweet and savoury foods but most come from animal sources |
Where is cholesterol found? | Found in the blood |
What can lead to high cholesterol levels? | Too much saturated fats |
Where is cholesterol predominantly made? | It is predominantly made in the liver |
What are two ways cholesterol is carried? | Low-density lipoprotein and High-density lipoprotein |
What can too much low-density lipoprotein do? | It can lead to fatty deposits developing in the arteries and this can have a negative effect on blood flow |
What does high-density lipoprotein do? | It takes cholesterol away from the parts of the body where it has accumulated to the liver where it is disposed of |
What are trans-fats? | They are artificial hydrogenated fats |
Where can trans-fats be found? | Found in meat and dairy products |
Why do trans-fats have a longer shelf life? | Because they are made from an industrial process |
What can trans-fats lead to? | It leads to high levels of blood cholesterol, heart disease and diabetes |
What are fats used for? | It is used for low intensity, aerobic work such as jogging |
Why can't fats be used for high intensity activities? | Because oxygen is in limited supply, and fats require oxygen to be broken down |
What fat soluble vitamins are carried by fats? | Vitamins A,D,E and K |
What are proteins a combination of? | A combination of chemicals called amino acids |
What are proteins important for? | Important for growth and repair of muscles |
What do proteins make? | Enzymes, hormones, and haemoglobin |
Who tend to take in proteins more? | They tend to be taken in more by power athletes as proteins are a major source of energy, and power athletes have a greater need to repair and develop muscle tissues |
What do vitamins do? | They keep an individual healthy with a good immune system |
What do vitamins allow a performer to do? | It allows them to train maximally and recover quickly |
What does vitamin c do? | It protects cells and keeps them healthy; It helps in the maintenance of bones, teeth, gums and connective tissue (ligaments); Required for breakdown of carnitine |
What is carnitine? | It is a molecule essential for the transport of fatty acids into the mitochondria |
What are sources of Vitamin C | Green veg and fruit |
What does vitamin D do? | It helps absorb calcium; Helps with phosphocreatine recovery in the mitochondria |
What are sources of Vitamin D? | Made naturally by body under skin when exposed to sunlight; Can come from oily fish and dairy produce |
What does B1 (thiamin) do? | Works with other B-group vitamins to help break down and release energy from food; Keeps nervous system healthy |