Biochemistry /Cognitive Neuroscience Chapter 6: Attention PTII Part 2
Cognitive Neuroscience Chapter 6: Attention PTII Part 2
This deck covers key concepts from Chapter 6 on attention in cognitive neuroscience, including studies, brain areas involved in attentional control, and various syndromes and theories.
Describe Bisiach and Luzzatti’s (1978) study of the visual imagery of a neglect patient.
They got neglect patients to describe a famous square if they were standing on the north side (they didn’t include buildings on the left) then as is they were on the south side (they didn’t include buildings on the right) so overall they were able to describe all the building present, they just couldn;t think of the left side of things.
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
Describe Bisiach and Luzzatti’s (1978) study of the visual imagery of a neglect patient.
They got neglect patients to describe a famous square if they were standing on the north side (they didn’t include buildings on the left) then as is t...
What is Balint’s Syndrome? What are three symptoms of Balint’s syndrome? Describe Humphreys and Riddoch’s (1992) study of this patient group using the ‘connecting lines’.
Balients: Bilateral damage to the dorsal parietal lobe and lateral occipital cortex. Patients can only perceive one object at a time, even if they are...
Describe Wolfe’s study of top-down mechanisms and visual search. How does it differ from the feature integration theory?
examined whether voluntary attentional movements lead to faster visual searches than random (automatic) attentional shifts.
What brain areas are involved in attentional control?
The frontoparietal attentional system is involved in the control and maintenance of attention.
What did Tineke and colleagues find regarding the timing of neural activity during attentional control?
performed ERP and fMRI studies to isolate the effect of attentional orienting: Attentional shifting vs. no-shift (baseline) conditions). orientation i...
What do the frontal eye fields do?
Stimulating the frontal eye fields triggers saccades to specific locations in the contralateral visual field (a saccade movement field). FEFs are also...
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Describe Bisiach and Luzzatti’s (1978) study of the visual imagery of a neglect patient. | They got neglect patients to describe a famous square if they were standing on the north side (they didn’t include buildings on the left) then as is they were on the south side (they didn’t include buildings on the right) so overall they were able to describe all the building present, they just couldn;t think of the left side of things. |
What is Balint’s Syndrome? What are three symptoms of Balint’s syndrome? Describe Humphreys and Riddoch’s (1992) study of this patient group using the ‘connecting lines’. | Balients: Bilateral damage to the dorsal parietal lobe and lateral occipital cortex. Patients can only perceive one object at a time, even if they are close together or overlapping. Suggests bilateral systems allow us to simultaneously perceive multiple objects. Symptoms; optic ataxia [can’t use vision to ctrl movement], occulomoter apraxia [eyes don’t go where they should], simultanagosia [can only perceive one object] |
Describe Wolfe’s study of top-down mechanisms and visual search. How does it differ from the feature integration theory? | examined whether voluntary attentional movements lead to faster visual searches than random (automatic) attentional shifts. |
What brain areas are involved in attentional control? | The frontoparietal attentional system is involved in the control and maintenance of attention. |
What did Tineke and colleagues find regarding the timing of neural activity during attentional control? | performed ERP and fMRI studies to isolate the effect of attentional orienting: Attentional shifting vs. no-shift (baseline) conditions). orientation involved medial areas. frontal=goals/strategies activated first then shifts to parietal. (if exogenous its bottom up so no goal so parietal then frontal lobe.) therefore frontal lobes are control shift |
What do the frontal eye fields do? | Stimulating the frontal eye fields triggers saccades to specific locations in the contralateral visual field (a saccade movement field). FEFs are also active during attentional control tasks. |
What is preparatory biasing? | The frontoparietal network also biases the activity of the extrastriate cortex. Enhanced extrastriate activation when attention was directed to a location in which a target was expected. More background firing during the anticipation of an attention-worthy stimulus. |
What does the right temporo-parietal junction do? | The right temporo-parietal junction and right ventral frontal lobe respond: when we need to re-orient after an invalid cue. To infrequent targets or novel stimuli. |
What is the premotor theory of attention? | Shifts of attention and preparation of goal-directed action are linked because they are controlled by overlapping sensorimotor brain areas. |
What are three attentional networks identified by fMRI research? What neurotransmitters are related to each network? | aleting(detect stimulus, R.hemi, pathways with norepi, arousal) Orientation (movment ACh move attention around) executive control (fontal lobes, lots of dopamine, brain breaks, inhibition ctrl, can’t swear with kids in the car) |
How is the default mode network related to lapses of attention? | Lapses of attention are correlated with increased activity in this default network. Lapses are also correlated with decreased activity in the dorsal anterior cingulate and dorsal PFC (attentional-control areas). This decrease is found prior to the stimulus’ appearance |