Pharmacology /DENH 620 Pharmacology: Chapter 3 Adverse Reactions
DENH 620 Pharmacology: Chapter 3 Adverse Reactions
This deck covers key concepts from Chapter 3 of DENH 620 Pharmacology, focusing on adverse reactions to drugs, including their types and mechanisms.
Adverse reactions
are the undesirable reactions from a drug
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
Adverse reactions
are the undesirable reactions from a drug
Adverse Reactions are divided into what categories?
Toxic Reactions
Side Effect
Idiosyncratic Reaction
Drug Allergy
Interference with Natural Defense Mechanisms
Toxic Reactions
the amount of the desired effect is excessive
Side Effect
a dose related reaction that is not part of desired therapeutic outcomes, where a drug acts on non target organs and produces undesirable effects
Idiosyncratic Reaction
A genetically related abnormal drug response
Drug Allergy
Is an immunologic response to a drug resulting in a reaction such as a rash or anaphylaxis
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Term | Definition |
---|---|
Adverse reactions | are the undesirable reactions from a drug |
Adverse Reactions are divided into what categories? | Toxic Reactions
Side Effect
Idiosyncratic Reaction
Drug Allergy
Interference with Natural Defense Mechanisms |
Toxic Reactions | the amount of the desired effect is excessive |
Side Effect | a dose related reaction that is not part of desired therapeutic outcomes, where a drug acts on non target organs and produces undesirable effects |
Idiosyncratic Reaction | A genetically related abnormal drug response |
Drug Allergy | Is an immunologic response to a drug resulting in a reaction such as a rash or anaphylaxis |
Interference with natural defense mechanisms | Where certain drugs reduce the body’s ability to fight infection |
Teratogenic Effect | A drugs effect on fetal development |
Hypersensitivity Reaction | Occurs when the body’s immune system responds to the drug administered or applied |
Type I Hypersensitivity Rx | (Immediate, anaphylactic)
Mediated by Immunoglobulin E where histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins are released producing vasodilation, edema, and inflammatory response
Onset in Minutes |
Type II Hypersensitivity Rx | (Cytotoxic)
Involving IgG or IgM antibodies fix to blood cells resulting in lysis
Onset Hours to Days |
Type III Hypersensitivity Rx | (Immune Complex)
Involve aggregations of antigens and antibodies in tissues causing inflammation and activating compliment by releasing neutrophils and causing tissue damage
Onset 2-3 weeks |
Type IV Hypersensitivity Rx | (Delayed)
Mediated by T lymphocytes and macrophages which cause inflammation
Onset 2-3 days |