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Medical Terminology: Oncology & Pathology Part 5

Healthcare20 CardsCreated 2 months ago

This deck covers key concepts and definitions related to oncology and pathology, focusing on various treatments, conditions, and healthcare roles in cancer care.

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Define: adjuvant therapy

Additional treatment given after the primary treatment to lower the risk of cancer recurrence, often including chemotherapy, radiation, or hormone therapy. The oncologist recommended adjuvant therapy after surgery to remove the tumor.
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
Define: adjuvant therapy
Additional treatment given after the primary treatment to lower the risk of cancer recurrence, often including chemotherapy, radiation, or hormone the...
Define: neoadjuvant therapy
Treatment given before the primary treatment, often used to shrink tumors prior to surgery, improving outcomes. The patient received neoadjuvant thera...
Define: combination therapy
A treatment approach that uses two or more therapies, such as chemotherapy and radiation, to enhance effectiveness and improve patient outcomes. The t...
Define: precision medicine
An innovative approach to patient care that tailors treatment based on individual genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. The oncologist discus...
Define: clinical trials
Research studies that test new treatments or therapies on human participants to evaluate their safety and effectiveness. The patient enrolled in clini...
Define: remission
A period during which the signs and symptoms of cancer decrease or disappear, though it does not always mean the cancer is cured. The patient celebrat...
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Medical Terminology: Oncology & Pathology Part 5
TermDefinition
Define: adjuvant therapy
Additional treatment given after the primary treatment to lower the risk of cancer recurrence, often including chemotherapy, radiation, or hormone therapy. The oncologist recommended adjuvant therapy after surgery to remove the tumor.
Define: neoadjuvant therapy
Treatment given before the primary treatment, often used to shrink tumors prior to surgery, improving outcomes. The patient received neoadjuvant therapy to reduce the size of the tumor before surgery.
Define: combination therapy
A treatment approach that uses two or more therapies, such as chemotherapy and radiation, to enhance effectiveness and improve patient outcomes. The treatment plan included combination therapy to attack the cancer from multiple angles.
Define: precision medicine
An innovative approach to patient care that tailors treatment based on individual genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. The oncologist discussed precision medicine options based on the patient’s genetic profile.
Define: clinical trials
Research studies that test new treatments or therapies on human participants to evaluate their safety and effectiveness. The patient enrolled in clinical trials to access cutting-edge cancer therapies.
Define: remission
A period during which the signs and symptoms of cancer decrease or disappear, though it does not always mean the cancer is cured. The patient celebrated after achieving remission following treatment.
Define: relapse
The return of cancer after a period of improvement or remission, indicating that the disease has recurred. The oncologist informed her of the relapse of her cancer after a year of remission.
Define: refractory cancer
Cancer that does not respond to treatment and continues to grow despite therapy. The patient was diagnosed with refractory cancer, requiring alternative treatment strategies.
Define: cure
A term used to describe the complete eradication of cancer from the body, with no signs of disease remaining. The oncologist confirmed that the patient was in cure after successful treatment.
Define: survival rate
The percentage of patients who are alive after a specific period following a cancer diagnosis, often used to gauge prognosis. The survival rate for early-stage breast cancer is significantly higher than for advanced stages.
Define: prognosis
The likely outcome or course of a disease, often based on statistical data and individual patient factors. The doctor provided a prognosis based on the tumor's size and grade.
Define: risk factors
Characteristics or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing a disease, including cancer. Smoking is a well-known risk factor for developing lung cancer.
Define: screening
Tests performed on asymptomatic individuals to detect potential health disorders or diseases, including cancer, at an early stage. Regular screening for colon cancer is recommended starting at age 45.
Define: prevention
Actions taken to reduce the risk of developing cancer, including lifestyle changes and vaccinations. Implementing healthy habits is crucial for cancer prevention.
Define: side effects
Unintended effects or reactions that occur as a result of medical treatment, including those from chemotherapy or radiation. The patient experienced several side effects from the chemotherapy, including nausea and fatigue.
Define: toxicity
The degree to which a substance can damage an organism, often used to describe harmful effects of cancer treatments. The treatment was adjusted due to concerns about toxicity affecting the patient's health.
Define: cachexia
A complex syndrome characterized by weight loss, muscle wasting, and decreased appetite, often associated with chronic illnesses like cancer. The patient was diagnosed with cachexia, which is common in advanced cancer cases.
Define: paraneoplastic syndrome
A group of symptoms that occur in some cancer patients due to the production of hormones or other substances by the tumor, affecting various body systems. The patient presented with paraneoplastic syndrome, which complicated her cancer treatment.
Define: oncologist
A medical doctor who specializes in diagnosing and treating cancer, including administering chemotherapy and coordinating patient care. The oncologist discussed the treatment options available for her diagnosis.
Define: multidisciplinary team
A group of healthcare professionals from various specialties who collaborate to provide comprehensive care for cancer patients. The multidisciplinary team met to discuss the patient's treatment plan.