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Pharmacology /Medical Terminology: Pharmacology & Medical Prescriptions Part 2

Medical Terminology: Pharmacology & Medical Prescriptions Part 2

Pharmacology25 CardsCreated about 2 months ago

This deck covers key concepts in pharmacology, including drug interactions, effects, and safety considerations. It provides definitions and explanations of terms related to drug administration and effects.

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Define: Therapeutic window

The range of drug doses that produces the desired effect without causing toxicity. Monitoring the therapeutic window is crucial for safe medication management.
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
Define: Therapeutic window
The range of drug doses that produces the desired effect without causing toxicity. Monitoring the therapeutic window is crucial for safe medication ma...
Define: Toxicology
The study of the adverse effects of chemicals on living organisms, particularly the harmful effects of drugs. Toxicology plays a key role in assessing...
Define: Adverse drug reaction (ADR)
An unintended and harmful reaction occurring after the administration of a drug. The patient experienced an adverse drug reaction requiring immediate ...
Define: Side effect
An unintended effect of a drug that occurs in addition to the intended therapeutic effect. The side effect of the medication included mild drowsiness.
Define: Idiosyncratic reaction
An unusual or unexpected response to a drug that is specific to an individual. The patient had an idiosyncratic reaction to the antibiotic that was no...
Define: Drug tolerance
A phenomenon where the body becomes accustomed to a drug over time, requiring higher doses to achieve the same effect. The patient developed drug tole...
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Medical Terminology: Pharmacology & Medical Prescriptions Part 2
TermDefinition
Define: Therapeutic window
The range of drug doses that produces the desired effect without causing toxicity. Monitoring the therapeutic window is crucial for safe medication management.
Define: Toxicology
The study of the adverse effects of chemicals on living organisms, particularly the harmful effects of drugs. Toxicology plays a key role in assessing the safety of new pharmaceuticals.
Define: Adverse drug reaction (ADR)
An unintended and harmful reaction occurring after the administration of a drug. The patient experienced an adverse drug reaction requiring immediate medical attention.
Define: Side effect
An unintended effect of a drug that occurs in addition to the intended therapeutic effect. The side effect of the medication included mild drowsiness.
Define: Idiosyncratic reaction
An unusual or unexpected response to a drug that is specific to an individual. The patient had an idiosyncratic reaction to the antibiotic that was not documented in clinical trials.
Define: Drug tolerance
A phenomenon where the body becomes accustomed to a drug over time, requiring higher doses to achieve the same effect. The patient developed drug tolerance, necessitating an increase in their medication dosage.
Define: Drug dependence
A condition resulting from the regular use of a drug, leading to withdrawal symptoms when the drug is not taken. The patient was diagnosed with drug dependence and required a tapering schedule.
Define: Drug withdrawal
The physical and mental symptoms that occur after stopping or reducing the intake of a drug. The patient experienced drug withdrawal symptoms after discontinuing the medication.
Define: Drug interaction
A situation in which one drug affects the activity of another drug when both are administered together. The doctor reviewed the patient's medications for potential drug interactions.
Define: Synergistic effect
An interaction between two or more drugs that results in a greater effect than the sum of their individual effects. The combination of the two drugs produced a synergistic effect, enhancing pain relief.
Define: Additive effect
A drug interaction where the combined effect of two drugs is equal to the sum of their individual effects. The additive effect of the medications was beneficial in managing the patient's symptoms.
Define: Antagonistic effect
An interaction where one drug reduces or counteracts the effect of another drug. The antagonistic effect of the two medications led to inadequate pain control.
Define: Placebo effect
A beneficial effect produced by a placebo, which is due to the patient's belief in the treatment rather than the treatment itself. The study noted a significant placebo effect among participants receiving inactive treatment.
Define: Contraindication
A specific situation or condition where a drug should not be used because it may be harmful to the patient. The patient's allergy to penicillin was a contraindication for the prescribed antibiotic.
Define: Indication
A valid reason for using a particular drug or treatment based on its therapeutic benefits. The indication for the medication was the management of chronic pain.
Define: Off-label use
The use of a medication for a purpose not specifically approved by regulatory agencies. The doctor prescribed the drug for off-label use in treating anxiety disorders.
Define: Narrow therapeutic index (NTI)
A situation where the therapeutic and toxic doses of a drug are very close, requiring careful monitoring. Drugs with a narrow therapeutic index need frequent blood level checks.
Define: Polypharmacy
The concurrent use of multiple medications by a patient, often seen in elderly populations. Polypharmacy can increase the risk of adverse drug reactions and interactions.
Define: Pharmacogenomics
The study of how genes affect a person's response to drugs, aiming to develop effective and safe medication tailored to individual genetic profiles. Pharmacogenomics can guide personalized medicine approaches for better patient outcomes.
Define: Teratogenicity
The capability of a substance to cause birth defects or developmental abnormalities in a fetus. The drug's teratogenicity is a critical consideration during pregnancy.
Define: Carcinogenicity
The potential of a substance to cause cancer in living tissue. Researchers evaluated the carcinogenicity of the new chemical compound.
Define: Nephrotoxicity
The occurrence of kidney damage caused by a drug or toxic substance. The patient's renal function was monitored for signs of nephrotoxicity due to the medication.
Define: Hepatotoxicity
The capacity of a substance to cause damage to the liver. Hepatotoxicity was observed in patients taking the high-dose regimen of the drug.
Define: Neurotoxicity
The potential of a substance to cause damage to the nervous system. Symptoms of neurotoxicity were reported following exposure to the chemical.
Define: Ototoxicity
The property of being toxic to the ear, leading to hearing loss or balance issues. The antibiotic was noted for its ototoxicity, requiring hearing monitoring.