Mathematics /Medical Terminology: Urinary System Part 3
Medical Terminology: Urinary System Part 3
This deck covers key terms and definitions related to the urinary system, including various conditions and disorders. It is designed to help students understand and remember important medical terminology.
Define: Urinary tract infection (UTI)
An infection that affects any part of the urinary system, including the bladder and kidneys, often causing pain and urgency. Symptoms of a urinary tract infection (UTI) include burning sensation during urination.
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
Define: Urinary tract infection (UTI)
An infection that affects any part of the urinary system, including the bladder and kidneys, often causing pain and urgency. Symptoms of a urinary tra...
Define: Cystitis
Inflammation of the bladder, often caused by infection, leading to pain and frequent urination. Patients with cystitis may experience pelvic discomfor...
Define: Pyelonephritis
A type of urinary tract infection that affects the kidneys, potentially leading to kidney damage if untreated. Pyelonephritis can cause fever and flan...
Define: Nephritis
An inflammation of the kidneys that can affect their ability to filter blood, often caused by infection or autoimmune diseases. Nephritis can lead to ...
Define: Glomerulonephritis
Inflammation of the glomeruli in the kidneys, which can impair kidney function and lead to blood and protein in urine. Glomerulonephritis may present ...
Define: Nephrotic syndrome
A kidney disorder characterized by excessive protein loss in urine, leading to swelling and increased cholesterol levels. Nephrotic syndrome often res...
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Define: Urinary tract infection (UTI) | An infection that affects any part of the urinary system, including the bladder and kidneys, often causing pain and urgency. Symptoms of a urinary tract infection (UTI) include burning sensation during urination. |
Define: Cystitis | Inflammation of the bladder, often caused by infection, leading to pain and frequent urination. Patients with cystitis may experience pelvic discomfort and urgency. |
Define: Pyelonephritis | A type of urinary tract infection that affects the kidneys, potentially leading to kidney damage if untreated. Pyelonephritis can cause fever and flank pain in affected individuals. |
Define: Nephritis | An inflammation of the kidneys that can affect their ability to filter blood, often caused by infection or autoimmune diseases. Nephritis can lead to symptoms like swelling and changes in urine output. |
Define: Glomerulonephritis | Inflammation of the glomeruli in the kidneys, which can impair kidney function and lead to blood and protein in urine. Glomerulonephritis may present with hematuria and edema. |
Define: Nephrotic syndrome | A kidney disorder characterized by excessive protein loss in urine, leading to swelling and increased cholesterol levels. Nephrotic syndrome often results in significant edema and weight gain. |
Define: Nephrolithiasis (kidney stones) | The formation of solid mineral deposits in the kidneys, which can cause severe pain and urinary obstruction. Nephrolithiasis can result in flank pain and hematuria. |
Define: Urolithiasis | The presence of stones in the urinary tract, which can lead to obstruction and pain. Urolithiasis may cause symptoms such as severe abdominal pain and difficulty urinating. |
Define: Hydronephrosis | A condition characterized by swelling of a kidney due to a build-up of urine, often caused by obstruction. Hydronephrosis can lead to kidney damage if not treated promptly. |
Define: Polycystic kidney disease | A genetic disorder characterized by the growth of numerous cysts in the kidneys, leading to kidney dysfunction. Polycystic kidney disease can cause hypertension and abdominal pain. |
Define: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) | A long-term condition where the kidneys gradually lose function, often due to diabetes or hypertension. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) can progress to end-stage renal failure. |
Define: Acute kidney injury (AKI) | A sudden decrease in kidney function, often reversible, caused by factors like dehydration or medication. Acute kidney injury (AKI) can occur after major surgery or severe illness. |
Define: Renal failure | A condition where the kidneys lose the ability to filter waste and regulate fluid balance, leading to potential life-threatening complications. Renal failure requires immediate medical intervention to prevent serious health risks. |
Define: Interstitial cystitis | A chronic condition characterized by bladder pain and frequent urination without a clear infection cause. Interstitial cystitis can significantly impact a patient's quality of life. |
Define: Urethritis | Inflammation of the urethra, often caused by infection, leading to pain and difficulty urinating. Urethritis can cause discomfort and a burning sensation during urination. |
Define: Proteinuria | The presence of excess protein in the urine, often indicating kidney damage or disease. Proteinuria can be a sign of glomerular injury in patients with kidney disease. |
Define: Hematuria | The presence of blood in urine, which can be a sign of various medical conditions, including infections and kidney stones. Hematuria should be evaluated promptly to determine the underlying cause. |
Define: Dysuria | Painful or difficult urination, often associated with urinary tract infections or inflammation. Dysuria is a common symptom that prompts patients to seek medical attention. |
Define: Nocturia | The need to wake up during the night to urinate, which can disrupt sleep and indicate underlying health issues. Nocturia is frequently reported by older adults and can affect their quality of life. |
Define: Polyuria | The production of abnormally large volumes of urine, often associated with diabetes or other medical conditions. Polyuria may be a sign of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. |