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OCR Biology A - 4.1.1 - Communicable Disease, Disease Prevention and the Immune System Part 6

Art18 CardsCreated 26 days ago

This deck covers key concepts related to communicable diseases, disease prevention, and the immune system, focusing on types of immunity, vaccination, and sources of common drugs.

Artificial immunity

Achieved through medical intervention
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
Artificial immunity
Achieved through medical intervention
Natural active immunity
Achieved as a result of infection
Active artificial immunity
Achieved as a result of vaccination
Passive natural immunity
Antibodies provided via the placenta or via breast milk
Passive artificial immunity
Provided by infection of antibodies made by another individual
Vaccinations
Deliberately exposing the body to antigenic material to trigger long-term immunity (through activation of the specific immune response leading to memo...

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TermDefinition
Artificial immunity
Achieved through medical intervention
Natural active immunity
Achieved as a result of infection
Active artificial immunity
Achieved as a result of vaccination
Passive natural immunity
Antibodies provided via the placenta or via breast milk
Passive artificial immunity
Provided by infection of antibodies made by another individual
Vaccinations
Deliberately exposing the body to antigenic material to trigger long-term immunity (through activation of the specific immune response leading to memory cells)
Types of antigenic material
Whole live organisms that aren't as harmful as ones causing the disease but have same antigens - cowpox for smallpox virus Harmless or attenuated - Measles Dead pathogen - cholera Antigens from the pathogen - Hepatitis B Toxoid - Tetanus
Toxoid
Harmless version of a toxin
Attenuated
Weakened
Herd vaccinations
Using a vaccine that provides immunity to all/nearly all at risk. To achieve this 80-95% of the population has to be vaccinated
Ring vaccination
Used when new case of disease is reported | Only those in immediate vicinity are vaccinated
When do epidemics rise
When some pathogens undergo genetic mutations which change their antigens so the memory cells may not remember them
Pandemics
Worldwide epidemics
How are pandemics avoided
Epidemics are closely monitored on a global level so that new strains can be identified and controlled
Source of penicillin
Penicillium
Source of morphine
Unripe poppy seeds
Source of aspirin
Willow-bark extract
Why do we still need new drugs
New diseases emerging Many diseases w/ no effective treatments Some antibiotic treatments are becoming ineffective