Back to AI Flashcard MakerArt /OCR Biology A - 4.1.1 - Communicable Disease, Disease Prevention and the Immune System Part 6
OCR Biology A - 4.1.1 - Communicable Disease, Disease Prevention and the Immune System Part 6
This deck covers key concepts related to communicable diseases, disease prevention, and the immune system, focusing on types of immunity, vaccination, and sources of common drugs.
Artificial immunity
Achieved through medical intervention
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
Artificial immunity
Achieved through medical intervention
Natural active immunity
Achieved as a result of infection
Active artificial immunity
Achieved as a result of vaccination
Passive natural immunity
Antibodies provided via the placenta or via breast milk
Passive artificial immunity
Provided by infection of antibodies made by another individual
Vaccinations
Deliberately exposing the body to antigenic material to trigger long-term immunity (through activation of the specific immune response leading to memo...
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Artificial immunity | Achieved through medical intervention |
Natural active immunity | Achieved as a result of infection |
Active artificial immunity | Achieved as a result of vaccination |
Passive natural immunity | Antibodies provided via the placenta or via breast milk |
Passive artificial immunity | Provided by infection of antibodies made by another individual |
Vaccinations | Deliberately exposing the body to antigenic material to trigger long-term immunity (through activation of the specific immune response leading to memory cells) |
Types of antigenic material | Whole live organisms that aren't as harmful as ones causing the disease but have same antigens - cowpox for smallpox virus Harmless or attenuated - Measles Dead pathogen - cholera Antigens from the pathogen - Hepatitis B Toxoid - Tetanus |
Toxoid | Harmless version of a toxin |
Attenuated | Weakened |
Herd vaccinations | Using a vaccine that provides immunity to all/nearly all at risk. To achieve this 80-95% of the population has to be vaccinated |
Ring vaccination | Used when new case of disease is reported | Only those in immediate vicinity are vaccinated |
When do epidemics rise | When some pathogens undergo genetic mutations which change their antigens so the memory cells may not remember them |
Pandemics | Worldwide epidemics |
How are pandemics avoided | Epidemics are closely monitored on a global level so that new strains can be identified and controlled |
Source of penicillin | Penicillium |
Source of morphine | Unripe poppy seeds |
Source of aspirin | Willow-bark extract |
Why do we still need new drugs | New diseases emerging Many diseases w/ no effective treatments Some antibiotic treatments are becoming ineffective |