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Pharm Y2S2 - Cystic Fibrosis and Resistance Part 1

Healthcare26 CardsCreated 2 months ago

This flashcard deck covers key concepts related to Cystic Fibrosis, including its symptoms, bacterial infections associated with it, and treatments. It also explores the characteristics and identification of pseudomonas bacteria, as well as the use of antibiotics in managing infections.

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What is Cystic Fibrosis?

A genetic disease caused by ~300 mutations which cause the CFTR gene to be faulty.
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
What is Cystic Fibrosis?
A genetic disease caused by ~300 mutations which cause the CFTR gene to be faulty.
What are some symptoms of CF?
Cough, Chest infections, Steatorrhoea, Poor weight gain
At what age is there is the highest S.aureus infection risk in CF?
<2 years old
Which antibiotic is used as prophylaxis at diagnosis?
Flucloxacillin
By what age do most CF patients have their first pseudomonas colonisation?
8 years old
What is pseudomonal colonisation associated with?
Delayed growth and mortality
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Pharm Y2S2 - Cystic Fibrosis and Resistance Part 1
TermDefinition
What is Cystic Fibrosis?
A genetic disease caused by ~300 mutations which cause the CFTR gene to be faulty.
What are some symptoms of CF?
Cough, Chest infections, Steatorrhoea, Poor weight gain
At what age is there is the highest S.aureus infection risk in CF?
<2 years old
Which antibiotic is used as prophylaxis at diagnosis?
Flucloxacillin
By what age do most CF patients have their first pseudomonas colonisation?
8 years old
What is pseudomonal colonisation associated with?
Delayed growth and mortality
What are the characteristics of pseudomonas bacteria?
Opportunistic, Narocomial, Gram negative, Single polar flagellum
How big are pseudomonal bacterial?
0.5 - 3.0µm
What kind of pigment do pseudomonal bacterial produce?
A green looking pigment - pyocyanin
Where are pseudomonal bacteria found?
Water, soil, plants, humans and animal surfaces
Can pseudomonal bacteria be present in the human flora?
Yes, generally in low numbers
What can be used to mark pseudomonal bacteria?
Positive oxidase reactions
Are pseudomonal bacteria aerobes or anaerobes?
They are obligate aerobes but can grow anaerobically in the presence of NO3
What are pseudomonas bacteria’s virulence factors?
Invasive, Toxigenic, Minimal nutritional requirements, Produce proteases to assist adhesion and invasion, Produce alginates to aid in biofilm formation, Can resist body temp, high salt concentrations, weak antiseptics and many antibiotics
What are biofilms?
Mechanisms of survival rather than causes of disease and they can form in environmental sources or invasive medical devices
How are pseudomonas bacterial identified?
bacterial culture, urine analysis, FBC, corneal scrapings, fluorescence under UV, distinctive odour
Give examples of diseases caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
respiratory tract infections, bacteraemia, keratitis, genito-urinary tract infections, wound infection
What is the pathophysiology of pseudomonas?
Colonises in the lower RT and grows to cover the epithelium through biofilm proliferations, scarring and access formations. (different strains have different susceptibility)
How long can early intervention eradicate pseudomonas for?
2 years - this is done through oral or inhaled antibiotics which reduce the risk of recolonisation and pulmonary exacerbation
What are some advantages of inhaled antibiotics?
discrete and portable, no loss of efficacy, easy to use for all ages
Give 2 examples of dry powder inhaled antibiotics?
tobramycin, amikacin (aminoglycosides)
Give 2 examples of ultrasonic nebuliser antibiotics.
Colistin - Tobramycin
Which 2 oral antibiotics are used for pseudomonal infection?
Ciprofloxacin - Azithromycin
What does ciprofloxacin do to hepatic metabolism?
Increases it in CF patients
What is the usual dose of ciprofloxacin for children?
10-20mg/kg - this can be increased to 30mg/kg
What does azithromycin do to biofilms?
Interferes with biofilm adhesion to the epithelium - modifies structure and growth