Plumbing - Building Water Supply Part 9

The name of a group of organic or inorganic compounds with common characteristics. One of the characteristics is that orb will ionize in water to produce hydrogen ions.

A solar heating or cooling system that requires external mechanical power to move the collected heat.

An artificial method in which water and air are brought into direct contact with each other. One purpose is to release certain dissolved gases which often cause water to have obnoxious odor or disagreeable tastes. Also used to furnish oxygen to water that is oxygen deficient. The process may be accomplished by spraying the liquid into the air, bubbling air through the liquid or by agitation of the liquid to promote surface absorption of the air.

A free air space between the bottom of a spout and the overflow rim of a fixture; vertical space between a potable water outlet and a source of possible contamination.

A group of aquatic plants such as seaweed and scums on ponds.

Any base or hydroxide which is soluble in water, neutralizes acids and forms salts with them and turns red litmus blue; sometimes differentiated as mild sodium, potassium, ammonium, etc., and caustic corresponding hydroxides.

Containing more alkali than normal. Having a pH factor of more than 7.3 having a relatively low concentration of hydrogen ions.

Aluminum Sulfate - a colorless salt usually made by treating bauxite with sulfuric acid. Used in making paper, water purification, and tanning.

A unit of electric current produced by an electromotive force of one volt through a resistance of one Ohm.

The electrode at which electrons leave a device to enter the external circuit - opposed to cathode. In a water heater, a rod of magnesium metal, anodic to the other metal in the tank, therefore, protective against corrosion.

A conduit used to carry a large quantity of flowing water.

American Society of Mechanical Engineers.

The weight of air bearing down on the surface of the earth which causes pressure of about 14.7 lbs to be exerted on each square inch at sea level.

The extra heat provided by a conventional heating system for periods of cloudiness or intense cold , when a solar heating system cannot provide enough heat.

Term used to describe the material that is used to refill a trench or excavation after water or sewer services are installed.

The flow of water or other liquids, mixtures, or substances into the distributing pipes of a potable water supply, from any source or sources other than its intended source.

The process used to regenerate water softeners by reversing the flow of water within the softener itself.

Bacteria living, active, or occurring only in the presence of oxygen.

Bacteria living or growing in the absence of free oxygen. Anaerobic bacteria get their oxygen by decomposing compounds containing oxygen.

A group of bacteria, predominantly inhabitants of the intestines of man but also found on vegetation, including all aerobic and facultative anaerobic gram-negative, non-spore-forming bacilli that ferment lactose with gas formation.

Any of a class of microscopic plants having round, rodlike, spiral or filament pus single called or non-celled bodies often aggregated into colonies or mobiles by means of a flagella, living in soil, water, organic matter, or bodies of plants and animals, and being antotrophic, saprophytic, or parasitic, in nutrition and important to man because of their chemical effects and as athogens.

A device used to deflect or regulate the flow of air, air-gas mixture, flue gases or liquids.

The quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of one pound of water one degree Fahrenheit.

Containing or composed of carbon.

The positively charged ion in an electrolytic corrosion of an underground or underwater metallic structure by the application of an electric current in such a way that the structure is made to act as the cathode instead of the anode of an electrolytic cell. The use of materials and liquid to cause electricity to flow to avoid corrosion.

A formation of partial vacuums in a swiftly moving liquid which causes the pitting and wearing away of solid surfaces as a result of the collapse of these vacuums in the surrounding liquid.

To treat, or cause to combine with chlorine or chlorine compounds. To apply chlorine (to water or sewage) for purposes of sterilization, oxidation, of organic matter, or retardation of purification.

A halogen element isolated as a heavy greenish yellow irritating gas of pungent odor used especially as a bleach, oxidating agent and disinfectant in water purification. Usually made by electrolysis of aqueous solution of sodium chloride.

The agglomeration of finely divided suspended matter by the addition to the liquid of an appropriate chemical coagulant, by biological processes, or by other means.

A valve used as a means of controlling the rate of flow passing through it.

An authoritative book of rules and regulations. Those regulations, subsequent amendments thereto, or any emergency rule or regulation which the administrative authority having jurisdiction may lawfully adopt.

Any of a wide variety of devices (flat-plate, concentrating, vacuum tube, green-house, etc.) used to collect solar energy and convert it to heat.

The act or process of burning.

A device that uses reflective surfaces to concentrate the sun's rays onto a smaller area, where they are absorbed and converted to the energy.

A natural or artificial channel through which water or other fluid ass or are conveyed .

Something that contaminated or renders water unfit for use, as by the introduction of sewage into the drinking water supply.

To render water unit for use by the introduction of an undesirable substances, or harmful or impure material (water contaminated by sewage).

A valve installed in a water main to which a building supply (service) pipe is connected.

A tee connection to a water main, either threaded into the sidewall of the main or joined by mating tapers. The water supply connection made into a water main or community supply pipe.

The gradual deterioration or destruction of a substance or material by chemical or electro-chemical action.

In water correction, the prevention of the discharge of the metallic ions of a conduit from going into solution by increasing the pH-value of the water, removing the free oxygen from the water, and controlling the carbonate balance. The sequestration of metallic ions and the formation of protective films on metal surfaces by chemical treatment.

A sheet of glass or transparent plastic that sits above the absorber in a flat-plate collector.

A device usually consisting of a long piece of pipe or tube-like casing placed over a curb cock through which a key is inserted to permit operation of the curb cock.

A valve placed in a water service pipe usually at a point near the street curb.

A capsule formed about a minute organism going into a resting or spore stage which is contained in many algae.

To treat with chemical agents to destroy a gas or its harmful properties.

The removal from water of those dissolved mineral constitutents which cause it to be unsatisfactory for domestic and industrial use.

A light friable siliceous material derived chiefly from diatom remains and used especially as a filter.

A water inlet pipe or tube inside a water storage tank or reservoir to convey the incoming water to, or near the bottom.

A process of destroying disease germs or other harmful microorganisms (but not, ordinarily bacteria spores) by means of a an agent that frees from infection, usually a chemical agent.

Covered by two panes of glass or other transparent material.

A tool for drilling or boring in earth.

A reaction of a material or substance to chemical changes when an electric current is present.

A non-metallic electric conductor (as a liquid) in which current is carried by the movement of ions instead of electrons, with the liberation of matter at the electrode. A liquid, electrical conductor.

Environmental protection agency.

Something that has been filtered, as a fluid which has passed through a filter.

The flow or trickling of a liquid downward through a contact or filtering medium, the liquid may or may not fill the pores of the medium.

A solar collection device in which sunlight is converted to heat on a plane surface, usually made of metal or plastic. A heat transfer fluid is circulated through the collector to transport heat to be used directly or to be stored.

Small gelatinous masses, formed in a liquid by the addition of coagulants thereto or through biochemical processes or by agglomeration.

To cause to aggregate or coalesce into small lumps or loose clusters or into a flocculent mass or deposit.

The condition obtained when the heat transfer fluid is flowing through the collector array under normal operating conditions.

A direct flushing devise which discharges a pre-determined quantity of water sufficient to cleanse the plumbing fixture on which it is installed.

Resistance of the relative motion be tween two bodies in contact with one another. In the piping systems the resistance creates a decrease in the velocity of a fluid at the surface with which it is in contact.

When two dissimilar metals are immersed in the same electrolytic solution and connected electrically, there is an interchange of atoms carrying an electric charge between them. The anode with the higher electrode potential corrodes, the cathode is protected.

A device such as a flashlight battery containing an electrode and an electrolyte used to produce electricity by chemical action.

A mineral consisting of a dull green earthy iron potassium silicate occurring abundantly in greensand.

Grains per gallon.

Gallon per minute.

The natural movement of heat through a body of fluid that occurs when a warm fluid rises and cool fluid sinks under the influence of gravity.

Water that is standing in or flowing through the ground ; seepage water.

A condition caused by elements dissolved in solution. Calcium and magnesium are primarily responsible for water hardness. Hard water lathers with difficulty leaving hands rough and will form scum.

The difference in elevation between two points in a body of fluid with the resulting pressure of the fluid at the lower point expressible as the height or pressure of the fluid.

The pipe that runs across the top (or bottom) of an absorber plate, gathering (or distributing) the heat transfer fluid from (or to) the grid of pipes that runs across the absorber surface.

A device, such as a coiled copper tube immersed in a tank of water, that is used to transfer heat from one fluid to another through an intervening metal surface.

A medium-liquid, air, or solid which is used to transport thermal energy.

A non-metallic univalent element that is the simplest and lightest of the elements, is normally a colorless, highly flammable diatomic gas, and used especially in the production of its innumerable compounds.

Organic compounds (as acetylene or benzene) containing only carbon and hydrogen, often present in petroleum, natural gas, and coal.

An additive used in the public supply system to provide protection for the consumer.

A term (in piping systems) used to describe a system under pressure but not flowing-at rest. Type of test used to locate leaks in a pressurized piping system.

The blade type device that provides flow within a centrifugal pump by using centrifugal force.

Introduction into a circuit by means of an outside source of energy-as with a cathodic protect system.

Electromagnetic radiation, whether from the sun or a warm body, that has wavelengths longer than visible light.

Not living composed of inanimate or artificial materials that do not contain hydrocarbons.

An atom or group of atoms that carry a positive or negative electrical charge as a result of having lost or gained one or more electrons. A free electron or other charged subatomic particle.

A material with high resistance or R-value that is used to retard heat flow.

Energy possessed by a body by virtue of its being in motion.

Two or more sheets of glass held together by an intervening layer or layers of plastic material.

A collector with a liquid as the heat transfer fluid.

Anodes used in water heaters, made of magnesium to provide protection against corrosion.

Milligrams per liter. A ratio used to describe impurities in water.

Pressure less than atmospheric pressure.

A system of names used in describing technical terms or elements of devices.

Oscillatory movement or wobble of the axis of a rotating body.

In water treatment, the elimination or reduction of odors in a water supply by aeration, algae elimination, super-chlorination, activated carbon treatment, etc.

A unit of electrical resistance.

Pertaining to organisms that are living. A chemical compound that includes any compound of carbon.

Ability of an object or device to swing backward and forward like a pendulum.

Outside screw and yoke.

An element that is found free as a colorless, tasteless, odorless gas in the atmosphere and is used in oxyacetylene and oxyhydrogen flame in welding and cutting metals and other metallurgical processes, in chemical industries, and combustion processes.

An assembly of natural and architectural components including collectors, thermal storage devices and transfer fluid which converts solar energy into thermal energy in a controlled manner and in which no fans or pumps are used to accomplish the transfer of thermal energy. The prime elements in a passive solar system are usually some form of thermal capacitance and solar energy control.