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Public Health - Health Literacy
This deck covers key concepts in health literacy, including definitions, frameworks, models, and methods for improving patient education and behavior change.
health literacy
the capacity to obtain, process, understand basic health information and services, make appropriate health care decisions (act on information), access/navigate health care system
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
health literacy
the capacity to obtain, process, understand basic health information and services, make appropriate health care decisions (act on information), access...
national assessment of adult health literacy
US Department of education conducted the first national assessment of health literacy skills of US adults in 2003; assessed both reading and math skil...
health literacy framework
developed by national academy of sciences to demonstrate how literacy and health literacy impact health and healthcare associated costs
health literacy surveys
assess a patient's health literacy level; useful in an outpatient or research environment
red flags for low literacy
-frequently missed appointments
-incomplete registration forms
-non-compliance with medication
-unable to name medications, explain purpose or dosing
...
teach-back method
way to ensure agreement and understanding about the care plan - essential for achieving adherence; explain, assess, clarify, understanding
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
health literacy | the capacity to obtain, process, understand basic health information and services, make appropriate health care decisions (act on information), access/navigate health care system |
national assessment of adult health literacy | US Department of education conducted the first national assessment of health literacy skills of US adults in 2003; assessed both reading and math skills; 36% were identified as having serious limitations in health literacy skills |
health literacy framework | developed by national academy of sciences to demonstrate how literacy and health literacy impact health and healthcare associated costs |
health literacy surveys | assess a patient's health literacy level; useful in an outpatient or research environment |
red flags for low literacy | -frequently missed appointments
-incomplete registration forms
-non-compliance with medication
-unable to name medications, explain purpose or dosing
-identifies pills by looking at them, not reading label
-unable to give coherent, sequential history
-ask fewer questions
-lack of follow-through on tests or referrals |
teach-back method | way to ensure agreement and understanding about the care plan - essential for achieving adherence; explain, assess, clarify, understanding |
outcomes of effective patient education | -increased compliance
-patient outcomes
-informed consent
-utilization
-satisfaction and referrals |
steps to patient education | -assess
-plan
-implement
-document
evaluate |
Pender's health promotion model | social cognitive theory using a nursing perspective; factors that influence health behaviors (individual characteristics and experiences, behavior-specific cognitions and affect, behavioral outcomes) |
Prochaska's Stages of Change Model | health psychology theory promoting health behavior change - describes how people modify a problem behavior or acquire a positive behavior |
cycle of change | -pre-contemplation
-contemplation
-preparation
-action
-maintenance
-relapse |
pre-contemplation | stage at which an action is not intended or even valued, however, the patient shouldn't be labeled as resistant or unmotivated - but simply not aware or willing to be aware of an issue; avoid reading, talking, or thinking about change |
contemplation | aware problem exists but with no commitment to action; patient thinking about changing a behavior in about six months times; undergoes process of weighing pros and cons, profound ambivalence |
preparation | intent on taking action to address the problem; a plan is formulated but action has not yet started - intended in the near future (1 month); some action taken recently, action in place |
action | active modification of behavior; steps have been taken towards adopting a new behavior or new way of thinking; action has been taking place within the last 6 months; critical vigilance to prevent relapse is necessary |
maintenance | sustained change for two years; new behavior replaces old - critical that nurses continually coach the patient and support the behavior change, even during times of relapse; confident that change can continue and relapse prevented |
relapse | fall back to old patterns of behavior |
Lewin's Three-Step Model | unfreeze, change, refreeze; assumes that change occurs by manipulating balance of two forces (driving forces and restraining forces) |
driving forces | facilitate change process and drive change forward |
restraining forces | impede change process and keep the change from occurring |
unfreezing | melting away of prior behavior or way of thinking - change occurs by moving from a state of being unready to change to being ready and willing; significant effort is required |
change phase | patient is moving or transitioning to the new behavior or way of thinking - process takes time and often preceded by a dissatisfaction with previous conditions; real desire to make change |
refreezing | establish a new place of stability (new behavior set in place); behavior becomes habitual; develop new self-concept and identity |
readiness ruler | used to assess readiness or commitment to making a specific behavior change |