Chemistry /Trends in the Periodic table 2 Flashcards Part 1
Trends in the Periodic table 2 Flashcards Part 1
This flashcard deck covers key concepts related to the arrangement and properties of elements in the periodic table, focusing on groups, periods, and specific properties of alkali and alkaline earth metals, as well as transition metals.
What are the elements in the periodic table arranged in order of?
increasing atomic number
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
What are the elements in the periodic table arranged in order of?
increasing atomic number
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What are the vertical columns in the periodic table called?
groups
horizontal rows
periods
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What do elements in the same period have?
have the same number of shells
What do elements in the same group have in common?
have the same number of electrons in their outer shell/valence shell
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What is the name of group 1?
Alkali metals
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
What are the elements in the periodic table arranged in order of? | increasing atomic number |
What are the vertical columns in the periodic table called? | groups |
horizontal rows | periods |
What do elements in the same period have? | have the same number of shells |
What do elements in the same group have in common? | have the same number of electrons in their outer shell/valence shell |
What is the name of group 1? | Alkali metals |
What valency do the Alkali Metals have? | valency of 1 |
Describe the reactivity of the Alkali Metals. | highly reactive, becoming more reactive going down the group |
Are Alkali metals found freely in nature? | not found freely in nature, only found in compounds with other elements |
Why are the alkali metals highly reactive? | They do not satisfy the octet rule; they only have one electron in their valence shell and readily lose this electron to form a monopositive ion. |
Why does reactivity of the alkali metals increase going down group 1? | the atomic radius increases |
List 3 properties of Alkali metals. | soft metals- can be cut with a knife, low melting points and boiling points, have low densities - float on water |
Describe the reactions of the alkali metals with oxygen. | They react rapidly with oxygen to form a metal oxide; for this reason they are stored in oil. |
What does an alkali metal + oxygen make? | metal oxide |
Describe the alkali metals reaction with water. | Float on water, react vigorously with water, causing fizzing and producing a metal hydroxide and hydrogen gas. |
Write a reaction for alkali metals with water. | metal + water –> metal hydroxide + hydrogen |
Demonstration of the reaction of the alkali metals lithium, sodium, and potassium with water. | all three metals float on water |
What is group 2 called? | The alkaline Earth Metals |
What valency do the alkali earth metals have? | have a valency of 2 |
Describe the reactivity of the alkali earth metals. | reactive - but not as reactive as the alkali metals, becoming more reactive going down the group. |
Why are the alkaline earth metals reactive? | They do not satisfy the octet rule; they have two electrons in their outer shell and readily lose these electrons to form a dipositive ion (+2). |
Why does the reactivity of the alkaline earth metals increase going down group 2? | the atomic radius increases |
Describe the reactivity of the alkaline earth metals with oxygen. | The alkali metals react with oxygen to form a metal oxide, not as rapid as the alkali metals with oxygen. |
Write an equation for the alkali earth metals reaction with oxygen. | metal + oxygen –> metal oxide |
Describe the reactivity of the alkaline earth metals with water. | They react with water to form a metal hydroxide and hydrogen gas, not as rapid or vigorous as the alkali metals with water. |
Write an equation describing the reaction of alkaline metals with water. | metal + water ---> metal hydroxide + hydrogen |
How is a transition metal identified from its s,p configuration? | Transition metals form at least one ion which has an incomplete 3d sublevel. |
Describe 3 features of Transition elements. | They have variable valencies (e.g., Fe2+ or Fe3+), form compounds, and are excellent catalysts. |
What is a catalyst? | A substance that alters the rate of a chemical reaction without being used up in the reaction. |
What elements are in the transition metal block but are not transition metals, and why? | Scandium and Zinc are not transition elements; they do not have variable valencies, their compounds are white, and they do not act as catalysts. |