QQuestionBiology
QuestionBiology
Describe the four steps of mitosis:
Prophase:
Metaphase:
Anaphase:
Telophase:
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Answer
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Step 1
Prophase: During prophase, the first step of mitosis, the chromosomes condense and become visible. Each chromosome is made up of two sister chromatids, which are genetically identical and tightly bound together. The nuclear envelope begins to break down, allowing the chromosomes to move freely within the cell. Additionally, the mitotic spindle begins to form, made up of microtubules that will eventually separate the sister chromatids. \text{Prophase: Chromosomes condense and become visible; nuclear envelope breaks down;} \ \text{mitotic spindle forms.}
Step 2
Metaphase: In metaphase, the chromosomes align at the metaphase plate, an imaginary line equidistant from the two spindle poles. This alignment is crucial for accurate chromosome separation during the next phase. The kinetochores, protein structures on the centromeres of each chromosome, attach to the spindle fibers, allowing the chromosomes to be pulled apart. \text{Metaphase: Chromosomes align at the metaphase plate;} \ \text{kinetochores attach to spindle fibers.}
Final Answer
The four steps of mitosis are Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase. These steps involve the condensation and separation of chromosomes, the formation of the mitotic spindle, and the division of the cell into two genetically identical daughter cells.
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