2022-2023 AMLS - Study Guide with Answers (371 Solved Questions) - Past Exams | Other Exams & Certifications

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AMLS-STUDY GUIDEQUESTIONSWITH 100%CORRECT ANSWERS2022\2023List 7 Red Flags for Breathing-ANSWER-1. Reduced consciousness2. Cyanosis3. SpO2 295. Asymmetrical movement6. Tracheal deviation and distress7. Inability to count to five in a single breathList 7 Red Flags for Circulatory Problems-ANSWER-1. Reduced consciousness2. Profound pallor3. Marked sweating4. Systolic BP 1406. Skin mottling7. Dysrhythmia & hypotensionList 5 Red Flags for Airway Assessment-ANSWER-1. Reduced consciousness2. Stridor3. Snoring4. Voice change5. Tongue swellingList 5 Red Flags of Disability Assessment-ANSWER-1. Hypoglycaemia2. Reducing level of consciousness3. Persistent fitting4. Progression of signs (e.g. headache, lateralization)5. P,U or not localizing pain

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List 3 Red Flags on General Assessment-ANSWER-1. Purpuric rash2. Erythrodermia3. Core temperature 40degList 11 immediately life-threatening causes of airway obstruction-ANSWER-1. Tongueswelling (pharynx)2. Swelling of the epiglottis or soft tissues (pharynx)3. Oedema of the larynx4. Laryngospasm (spasm of the vocal cords)5. Foreign body in larynx6. Laryngeal trauma7. Subglotticsecretions or foreign body8. Subglottic swelling9. Bronchial aspiration10. Tension pneumothorax11. Bronchial foreign bodyList 7 immediately life-threatening causes of breathlessness-ANSWER-1. Airwayobstruction2. Acute severe asthma3. Acute exacerbation of COPD4. Pulmonary oedema5. Tension pneumothorax6. Critical oxygen desaturation7. Circulatory shockList 5 Life-threatening conditions that present with cutaneous manifestations-ANSWER-1. Anaphylaxis2. Angio-oedema

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3. Meningococcal sepsis4. Gonococcal sepsis5. Cellulitis6. ErythrodermaList 10 danger signs/reasons to admit a severe asthmatic to ICU-ANSWER-1.Hypoxaemia (PaO2 0,6)2. Hypercapnia (PaCO2 > 6 kPa)3. Acidaemia4. Exhaustion5. Altered level of consciousness (confused, drowsy, unconscious)6. Respiratory arrest7. Silent chest8. Tachycardia > 130/min9. Bradycardia10. Peak expiratory flow < 33% of predictedList 5 medicines that cause dilatation of the pupils-ANSWER-1 Tricyclicantidepressants2. Anticholinergics3. Antihistamines4. Ephedrine5. Amphetamines6. CocaineList 5 substances that can cause coma-ANSWER-1. Barbiturates2. Tricyclic antidepressants3. Opioids4. Benzodiazepines

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5. EthanolList 5 non-traumatic life-threatening disorders of the circulatory system-ANSWER-1.Airway obstruction2. Acute severe asthma3. Pulmonary oedema4. Tension pneumothorax5. Circulatory shockName 5 non-traumatic life threatening disorders of the neurological system~1. Stroke2. Subarachnoid haemorrhage3. Meningitis4. Encephalitis5. Cerebral abscess6. Cerebral malaria7. Intracerebral tumourList 8 life-threatening conditions presenting with abdominal pain-ANSWER-1.Gastrointestinal bleeding2. Aortic dissection3. Ectopic pregnancy4. Acute pancreatitis5. Small bowel infarction6. Sepsis7. Acute myocardial infarction8. Diabetic ketoacidosisA 28 year old female is being evaluated for an acute onset of an alteration in mentation.She complained of a stiff neck and persistent headache. Vital signs are P112, R22 andregular, BP 144/88, SpO2 95% and T 102.3°F (39°C). The healthcare provider shouldobserve for which complication?-ANSWER-Seizure

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A 45 year old patient is found supine on the floor of the Triage area. Healthcareproviders note pinpoint pupils, shallow respirations and vomitus in and around themouth. What course of actionshould be implemented next?-ANSWER-Supplementaloxygen and suctionPatients with a history of chronic bronchitis that present with shortness of breath arelikely to have which condition?-ANSWER-Pulmonary embolismAcute Respiratory Distress Syndrome(ARDS) is characterized by what pathologicalchange?-ANSWER-Breakdown of the alveolar-capillary membraneAn anxious male complains of a sore throat, fever, chills, dental pain and dyspnea. thepatient has a firm, red pronounced swelling in the sublingual anterior throat area andtongue. What diagnosis is most likely?-ANSWER-Ludwig's anginaPatients on mechanical ventilation may have hypoxemia due to alveolar collapse frommucous plugging. The best treatment for this is:-ANSWER-Administer PEEPAnaphylaxis is most associated with which physiological event?-ANSWER-VasodilationAn elderly patient in an assisted living facility presents with a diminished level ofconsciousness and elevated white blood count. Assessment reveals pale, clammy skinand a urinary catherter with dark colored urine. Vital signs are P132, R 38 and shallow,BP 78/46, SpO2 91% and T 100.8°F (32.8°C). What classification of shock is the patientmost likely experiencing?-ANSWER-DistributiveHealthcare providers are assessing a patient with pronounced jugular vein distentionand muffled heart tones. Vitals are P 128, R 26, BP 74/52. What classification of shockshould be suspected?-ANSWER-ObstructiveDuring compensatory shock, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is activated tocause a/an:-ANSWER-Increase in preload, afterload and re-absorption of sodiumA 42 year old patient with a history of rheumatoid arthritis is taking glucocorticoids. Overthe past two weeks, she complains of chronic fatigue, weakness, and loss of appetitewith weight loss. Lab results indicate hyponatremia and hyperkalemia. What underlyingdiagnosis is suspected?-ANSWER-Adrenal insuffiencyWhich condition should the healthcare provider consider to usually be a non-emergent,non-life threatening illness?-ANSWER-Thoracic outlet syndromeHealthcare providers should use extreme caution with nitroglycerin when ST elevation ispresent in which ECG leads?-ANSWER-II, III, aVF

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Which is a high-risk factor for intracerebral hemorrhage?-ANSWER-Cocaine drugabuseWhat is the initial treatment for a patient experiencing Hyperosmolar HyperglycemicNonketotic Syndrome (HHNS)?-ANSWER-Crystalloid IV fluid resuscitationWhat condition is most likely to cause respiratory acidosis?-ANSWER-narcoticoverdoseWhat is the most effective treatment for an unconscious patient in respiratory acidosis?-ANSWER-Assisted bag-mask ventilationAn autoimmune disease which produces antibodies that mimic the role of TSH andcause an increase in thyroid hormonesis:-ANSWER-Grave's diseaseGlucagon may not be effective treatment for a patient with hypoglycemia if they alsohave which underlying illness?-ANSWER-AlcoholismA 24 year old has completed a triathlon on a hot, humid day. The athlete complains of asevere headache, muscle cramps and abdominal pain. As the patient history isobtained, the athlete becomes lethargic. What underlying electrolyte disturbance shouldthe healthcare provider most likely suspect?-ANSWER-HyponatremiaWhat is the sign on the ECG that will indicate a patient is experiencing hyperkalemia?-ANSWER-Peaked T wavesAn 82 year old alcoholic complains of nausea, non-bloody vomiting and severeepigastric and right upper quadrant pain that radiates to the back.Palpation revealsepigastric tenderness without peritoneal signs. What working diagnosis should beconsidered most likely?-ANSWER-Acute pancreatitisA 23 year old male complains of a productive cough, fever, chills and pleuritic chestpain that has worsened over 3 days. A physical exam reveals unilateral wheezing withshallow respirations. Vitals are P 128, R 26, BP 144/88, SpO2 90%, and T 102°F(38.8°C). What treatment should be performed?-ANSWER-Supplemental oxygen andimmediate transportA patientwith suspected gallbladder disease is asked to take a deep breath while theprovider presses upward into the upper right quadrant. If the patient ceases inspirationdue to increase pain while being examined, this is known as:-ANSWER-Muphy's signThe patient is alert and oriented presenting with hypotension, bradycardia, normalcapillary refill and warm, dry skin. These are cardinal signs of which type of distributiveshock?-ANSWER-Neurogenic

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During what period of the communicable disease process willantibodies begin to reachdetectable levels and the infected blood will test positive for exposure to a pathogen?-ANSWER-IncubationThe patient presents with a history of headache, weight loss, chest discomfort, nightsweats and a persistent cough forseveral weeks. Which infectious disease is mostlikely occurring?-ANSWER-TuberculosisA lethargic patient presents with dilated pupils and vital signs of P 122, R 26 and BP130/80. He admits to excessive ingestion of diphenhydramine. What response is thecause for the presenting signs and symptoms?-ANSWER-AnticholinergicOrganophosphate poisoning will present with which signs and symptoms?-ANSWER-Salivation and incontinence of urine and liquid stoolWhat medication classification should be administered to an uncooperative, agitatedpatient?-ANSWER-BenzodizepineA patient presents with mildly decreased mental status, slow respirations, bradycardia,hypotension, has a blood sugar of 42mg/dl (2.3 mmol/L). This is most likely caused fromexcessive ingestion of:-ANSWER-Beta blockersThe patient complains of a deep burning discomfort diffusely throughout theepigastrium. This is an example of which type of pain?-ANSWER-VisceralA 24 year old female presents with lower right quadrant abdominal pain. Her skin is hotto the touch and she exhibits a Psoa Sign. She complains of nausea and vomiting for 2days. What diagnosis is suspected?-ANSWER-AppendicitisA known chronic alcoholic complains of the constant, severe mid-epigastric pain,nausea and blood-streaked emesis. The patient has a temperature of 101.9°F (38.8°C)and severe abdominal tenderness. What underlying diagnosis should be suspected?-ANSWER-PancreatitisWhat component of a patient's past medical history is most helpful in consideringmyocardial infarction as a working diagnosis?-ANSWER-Familial heart disease historyA patient describes an "aching" sensation in his chest. It occurred suddenly whileresting and radiates to the jaw. He self administered 1 nitroglycerin tablet without reliefand the 12 lead reveals a normal sinus rhythm with ST elevation in leads II, III,and aVF.What working diagnosis is most likely?-ANSWER-Inferior wall myocardial injuryHealthcare providers are managing a patient presenting with substernal chestdiscomfort. They describe the pain as "pressure-like" and it radiates to the jaw and leftarm. The discomfort subsides with rest, oxygen and administration of nitroglycerin.What is the most likely working diagnosis?-ANSWER-Myocardial infarction

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Which infectious disease must have oxygen present to survive?-ANSWER-TuberculosisWhich bestpractices help to prevent the spread of infectious disease?-ANSWER-Handwashing before and after all patient contact and standard precautions.Continuous positive airway pressure would be most appropriate in treating whichpatient?-ANSWER-22 year oldwith severe asthma and not responding to nebulizertreatmentsA patient has attempted suicide by ingesting ethylene glycol about 20 hours prior toarriving for treatment. Lung sounds reveal bilateral crackles and respirations of 30 withsymptoms of pulmonary edema and cyanosis of the lips. The ECG reveals ventriculartachycardia. Which stage of ethylene glycol poisoning has occurred?-ANSWER-2A patient with a history of Grave's disease presents with anxiety, profuse sweating anda palpable goiter. Vitals are P 151, R 35 and labored, BP 84/42. Which workingdiagnosis is most likely?-ANSWER-ThyrotoxicosisA patient experiences unilateral facial weakness and droop, garbled speech, alteredsense of taste and no extremity weakness. The patient has a history of Lyme's disease.What condition is the patient likely experiencing?-ANSWER-MeningitisWhich component of the history is most crucial when assessing a potential strokepatient?-ANSWER-Time of onsetThe determination of a working diagnosis is dependent on the provider's assessment,critical thinking and ____________________ __________________________ skills.-ANSWER-Pattern recognitionWhen performing a patient assessment, what information provides the most essentialinformation in determining a working diagnosis?-ANSWER-Medical historyClinical reasoning requires the healthcare provider to:-ANSWER-Process relevantinformation, filter out irrelevant informationAccording to the AMLS Assessment Pathway, determining whether a patient is "Sick orNot Sick" is initially done which component of the assessment process?-ANSWER-First impressionSelect an example of a communication barrier that impairs an efficient and thoroughassessment process.-ANSWER-The patient can't find his hearing aidHealthcare providers are treating an unresponsive patient who overdosed onlorazepam. What intervention should be initiated?-ANSWER-Airway support

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Addison Disease s/s-ANSWER-chronic fatigue, and weakness, loss of appetite withconsequent weight loss,hyperpigmentation of the skinAldosterone-ANSWER-causes the kidneys to reabsorb sodium from the renal tubules,sodium carries water back into the vasculature to help increase BP, also createssensation of thirst which is the first sign of shock.Alpha& Beta Response to Shock-ANSWER-Alpha1-triggers vasoconstrictionBeta 1-stimulates heart rate and cardiac contractilityAnaphylactic Treatment-ANSWER-Epi: 1:1,000-0.3-0.5mg SQ every 5-15min prnEpi: 1:10,000-0.3-0.5mg IV ovr 3-10 min every 15min prnBendryl 25-50mgAngioedema-ANSWER-sudden swelling of head or neck structure such aslip,earlopes,tongue,uvula, assoc. with rash,dyspnea,anxiety,stridor,wheezingBP for fluid challenge-ANSWER-80-90 SystolicBP for Neuro Problems-ANSWER-110-120 SystolicCardiogenic Shock-ANSWER-cool,clammy,pale,cyanotic,tachypnea,tachycardia orabnormal rythm, decreased BPTX-5-10 ML/KG fluid challengeCauda Equina Syndrome-ANSWER-nerves exiting the lumbar spine becomecompressed, causing lower extremity pain,paralysis from trauma,tumor,disk hernaitionCriteria to Establish Ventilation-ANSWER-Paco2 <55 mm HgPaco2 > 50PH < 7.32Croup-ANSWER-Infection leading to swelling in the throat, pt presents with "barking"cough, stridor, hoarsenessDistributive Shock (dilated vessels)-ANSWER-Septic,anaphylactic,neurogenic,toxinsGraves Disease-ANSWER-increase in thyroid hormones, an autoimmune diseasewhich disease which produces antibodiesHead Injuries with Increasing Icp-ANSWER-HyperventilateHypercarbia-ANSWER-Physical condition of having the presence of an abnormallyhigh level of carbon dioxide in the circulating blood.

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Hyponatremia-ANSWER-Is an electrolyte disturbance in which the sodium ionconcentration in the serum is lower than normal.Hypovolemic Shock-ANSWER-cool,clammy,pale,cyanotic,decreasedBP,ALOC,decreased cap. refillTX-20 ML/KG fluid challengeLife Threats-ANSWER-Upper Airway Obstruction (noise/swelling)Severe decrease in consciousnessLudwigs Angina-ANSWER-infection of the anterior neck below the mandibleswelling of the tongue,drooling,airway obstructionNormal Capnography Reading-ANSWER-32-43 mm HG.Obstructive Shock-ANSWER-Decreased BP, difficulty breathing,tachycardia,tachypnea,JVD,decreased breathsounds,muffled heart tones.PEEP Common Settings-ANSWER-5-20 cm H2OPEEP-ANSWER-Positive End Expiratory Pressure delivered at the end of exhalation.Pericarditis S/S-ANSWER-sitting forward or sleep propped up with pillowsfever,chills,fatigue,malaise, global ST elevationPert. Negative & Positives-ANSWER-Recent Illness/InjuryN/VHead Ache/ChillsAbdom. Pain/Chest Pain/SOBPedal EdemaStool & Urine NormalEat & Drinking NormallyRenin-Angiotensin-ANSWER-renin-angiotensin-tirggers vasoconstriction to vesselsfarthest away from vital organs, to keep perfusion going to brain,heart,lungs and livercausing other organs to become ischemicABDOMEN:Boerhaaves Syndrome-ANSWER-Spontaneous rupture of the esophagusS/S-mediastinitis, sepsis, and shock. Swallowing often aggravates the painABDOMEN:Cholangitis-ANSWER-infection of the common bile duct; the tube that carries bile fromthe liver to the gall bladderABDOMEN:

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Coffee Ground Emesis-ANSWER-Vomiting of partiallydigested blood-(GIBLEEDING)ABDOMEN:Colitis-ANSWER-Clostridium difficile (C. diff)a. s/s-n/v, foul smelling, watery, green, diarrhea, fever, loss of appetite, abd painb. Tx-PPE, IV clean all equipment very goodc. Antibiotic therapy, which suppresses the normal flora in the GI tract and allows C. diffto predominateABDOMEN:Cullen Sign-ANSWER-bruising around the belly button that may indicate intra-abdominal bleeding or PANCREATITIS.-Cullen's got the belly button tattoos (bruises) and pancreas is in the middleABDOMEN:Diverticultis-ANSWER-Diverticulum is a weak area in the colon that begins to havesmall outcroppings that turn into pouches. These become inflamed.ABDOMEN:Feculant Vomiting-ANSWER--Foul Smelling vomit with a feculent odor-(BOWELOBSTRUCTION)ABDOMEN:Gray turners sign-ANSWER-bruising in the flanks, indicative of pancreatitisABDOMEN:Hemataemesis--ANSWER-vomiting of blood-(UPPER GI BLEEDING)BRIGHT RED-INDICATIVE OF ACTIVE BLEEDINGABDOMEN:Hematochezia-ANSWER-bright red blood in the stool. (LOWER GI BLEEDING)INDICATIVE OF ACTIVE BLEEDINGABDOMEN:Hepatic Encephalopathy-ANSWER-Decreased brain function caused by diminishedliver functionsS/S: confusion, LOC, Coma, as a result of liver failureABDOMEN:Identify the Signs/Symptoms and Treatment for the following medical condition:Appendicitis-ANSWER-INFLAMMATION OF THE APPENDIX:periumbilical pain. n/v, low grade fever, loss of appetite. Pain rlq, rebound tenderness-Fecal matter or other material accumulates in the appendix. Pressure builds anddecreases blood flow. This causes an uncontrolled rise in bacteria

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TX: pain and anti nausea medsABDOMEN:Identify the Signs/Symptoms and Treatment for the following medical condition: BowelObstruction-ANSWER-S/S: crampy abdominal pain, constipation or diarrhea, inabilityto pass flatus, distended abdomen, absent or high-pitched bowel sounds.tx: administer oxygen, place pt in comfortable position, establish iv, give nothing POABDOMEN:Identify the Signs/Symptoms of Gastroenteritis-ANSWER-Abdominal pain/tenderness,myalgia, and headache. Vomiting may occur, followed by colitis, which causes visibleBlood in the stool. (3-7 days). Watery, yellow, green, or bloody stool, or stoolscontaining pus. Also look for signs of dehydration or shockABDOMEN:Kehrs Sign-ANSWER-Abdominal pain that radiates to the Left Shoulder, could indicateirritation of the DIAPHRAGM OR SPLEEN INVOLVEMENT (Irritants in the peritonealcavity)-Steve Kerr shoots the ball goofy and from his abdomen to the left shoulderABDOMEN:Liver Abscess-ANSWER-puss-filled mass inside the liverABDOMEN:Mallory Weiss Syndrome-ANSWER--A condition in which the junction between theesophagus and the stomach (Cardiac Sphincter) tears, causing severe bleeding andpotentially death-Secondary to eating disorders, caused by alcoholism, retching, coughing or vomiting.ABDOMEN:Melena-ANSWER-black tarry feces that contains digested blood-(UPPER GIBLEEDING).ABDOMEN:Murphy's Sign-ANSWER-Press firmly upward into the RUQ and ask the patient to takea deep breath. Arrest of inspiration because of pain is a positive finding. This couldindicatea GALL BLADDER OR HEPATIC PROBLEM-Dale Murphy took a fastball in RUQ and knocked wind out of him (RUQ is where gallbladder is)ABDOMEN:Pancreatitis-ANSWER-S/S-pain to epigastric area or RUQ, radiate to back, n/v fever,tachycardia, hypotension, muscle spasms to ext, Cullen, grey turnersTX:-IV, pain management.

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2022-2023 AMLS - Study Guide with Answers (371 Solved Questions)

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