2024-2025 BIOD171 Portage Learning Biology Final Exam With Answers (170 Solved Questions)

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Portage Learning BIOD 171 Final EXAM Questions andAnswers 100%Correct2024-2025 UpdateTrue or False: A virus is considered a microorganism.False. Viruses are not living and as such are not considered microorganisms. Virusescan, however, be classified as microbes, a more general term that includesmicroorganisms and viruses.1.What is the smallest biological unit of life?A cell.2.At a generalized level, all cells are comprised of what?Macromolecules**A student may also answer: Proteins, Lipids, Nucleic acids and Polysaccharides butthey must answer with all four to be fully correct.1.Which of the following microorganisms are considered to be Eukarya? Select all thatapply.A.AnimaliaB.PlantaeC.FungiD.ProtistaA,B,C,D2.True of False: All multicellular microorganisms classified as Animalia are

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heterotrophic.True3.Microorganisms classified as Plantae obtain most of their energy by convertingenergy intoenergy.Light (sunlight); chemical (sugars)1.Define catabolism.Catabolism is the process of breaking down larger molecules into useful energysources.2.Upon cellular injury, which metabolic process is involved during the growth andrepair phases of the cell? The anabolic process would be active as it (by definition) isinvolved in the building up of small complexes into larger complexes.1.In phosphorylation, the light reactions always occur where?The process of converting light energy into chemical energy(photophosphorylation) always occurs in the membrane.2.True or False: The Calvin cycle must occur in the absence of light.False. The term ‘dark reactions’ (also known as the Calvin Cycle) simply denotes thesecond stage in photosynthesis—dark reactions do not actually require darkness inorder to occur.

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1.Assuming a constant (non-adjustable) light source power, identify the part of themicroscope you would adjust to limit the amount of light entering the microscope.Select all that apply.A.ObjectiveB.CondenserC.Iris diaphragmD.Eye pieceC. The iris controls the amount of light that passes through the sample and into theobjective lens. Thus, it can be adjusted (opened or closed) to alter the amount oflight.2.What is the total magnification (relative to your eye) of a sample imaged with a60x objective and a 10x eyepiece? Show your math.60 x 10 = 600x magnification

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1. Identify what type of electron microscope was used to capture the followingimage and explain your choice.The image was captured using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The aboveimage shows the trademark ‘shell’ image (no subcellular organelles are visible)reminiscent of SEM. Only TEM is capable of visualizing subcellular substrucutres.1.True or False: LB agar is classified as a selective, non-differential media.False. LB agar is the most basic type of agar and like LB media supports the growthof virtually all microbes without restriction.2.What is agar used for in microbiology?Agar is used to create a solid, smooth surface on which microbes can grow.1.True or False. When performing a dilution streak a new (or sterilized) loop is notrequired for each phase as long as the bacterial culture is pure.

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False.2.The number of phases (3 vs. 4) and/or the number of times a loop passes througha previous phase (once vs. multiple times) is acceptable provided what happens?Either deviation is acceptable in practice provided the resulting gradientcontains within it the growth of individual colonies—if not, the experiment mustbe repeated.3.True or False. Pathogenic strains of bacteria tend to grow slower than normalnon-pathogenic bacterial strains.False.1. Match the following symptoms with their respective diseases:1.FolliculitisD2.Scalded-skinsyndromeE3.ImpetigoA4.ConjunctivitisBA.Childhood skin disease nearmouth/ noseB.Infection of thin,transparent scleral tissueC.Infection occurs at time of birthD.Pus-filled lesions on skin or hair

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5.OphthalmiaNeonatorumCE. Ruptured pustules;treated with Penicillin2. True or False. The causative agent of conjunctivitis can be either bacterial or viral.True.1.True or False. There are currently no cures for tetanus.True.2.Identify the medical condition characterized by robust carbohydratefermentation under anaerobic conditions, swelling of the infected areas andfever.Gas gangrene. The key identifier here is the robust carbohydratefermentation, which manifests as intense gas production and swelling—bothtrademark conditions of gas gangrene.3.The alpha-toxin perfringolysin is associated with which medical conditioncaused by Gram-positive anaerobic bacteria?A.TetanusB.BotulismC.Gas gangreneD.Leprosy

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C. Gas gangrene. The bacterium that produces the alpha toxin perfringolysin isaptly named Clostridium perfringens.1.The envelope surrounds theof some viruses.Capsid.2.True or False. You would expect to see a viral envelope on a virus infecting abacterial cell.False3.Rank the following viruses based on their size from largest to smallest:ParamyxovirusPoliovirusSmallpoxvirusSmallpox (~200nm) > Paramyxovirus (100-150nm) > Poliovirus (~30nm)1.What linear, double-stranded, enveloped DNA virus is the first virus (as of Oct.26, 1977) to be officially declared eradicated?Smallpox (Variola virus). Although once a major cause of death in the world, asmallpox vaccine was developed in 1796 by Edward Jenner. Global vaccinationefforts have prevented smallpox from appearing in humans since October 26, 1977,making smallpox the first infectious disease ever to be eradicated.

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2.What small (~30nm) single-stranded, non-enveloped RNA virus targets the CNS(central nervous system), causing potentially catastrophic damage to motorneurons?Polio, also known as poliomyelitis.3.By whom and where was the first Polio vaccine developed?Jonas Salk and his research team developed the polio vaccine at the University ofPittsburgh in 1955.4.Which subtype of Influenza is themost virulent? Influenza A.Module 1 ExamExam Page 11.True or False: A virus is classifiedas a microbe. True

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2.True or False: The smallest biological unit of lifeis the molecule. false3.What are the 4 main types ofmacromolecules found in cells? Proteins,nucleic acids, polysaccharides, and lipidsExam Page 21.How many different types of amino acids are available fromwhich to make proteins? There are 20 different types of aminoacids.2.Define an essential amino acid.Amino acids are known as the primary structure of protein. 9 out of 20 of the aminoacids are considered essential amino acids and cannot be produced by the humanbody but is found in the environment in other ways, such as the foods you consume.Exam Page 31. Where can the two major types of nucleic acids be found in the cell and what aretheir roles?DNA- contains a lot of hereditary information which is responsible for thecharacteristics of living organisms that can be inherited. It is found in the nucleusbut cannot leave the nucleus.RNA- deciphers the hereditary information in DNA which is used to synthesize

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proteins. It is found in the nucleus but can also leave the nucleus.Exam Page 41. Complete the following DNA strand and indicate how many bonds are formedfor each complementary pair: 3’ GGTCATCG 5’5’ CCAGC3’ AGT.A-T pairings results in 2 hydrogen bonds. C-G pairings results in 3 hydrogen bonds.Exam Page 51.The plasma membrane (select all that are true):A.Only restricts movement of materials into the cellB.Is often a bilayer comprised of lipidsC.Cannot prevent essential nutrients from escapingD.Contains hydrophobic tails pointing inward2.Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen atoms come together to form what primarymacromolecule? Give an example. They come together to form polysaccharides. Anexample would be sucrose.1.True of False: Eukaryotic cells do not have a nucleusFalse. Eukaryotic cells do have a nucleus (prokaryotic cells do not).2.True or False: Prokaryotic cells can be subdivided into Bacteria and Archaea.True

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3.Describe the 4 basic bacterial morphologies.Coccus (round/spherical), bacillus (rod), vibrio (curved rod) or spirillum(spiral/corkscrew).4.True or False: Archaea, a eukaryotic class of microorganisms, arecapable of surviving harsh environments.False.Exam Page 71.Which of the following microorganisms are considered to be Eukarya? Select all thatapply.A.AnimaliaB.PlantaeC.FungiD.Protista

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2.True of False: All multicellular microorganisms classified asAnimalia are heterotrophic. True3.Microorganisms classified as Plantae obtain most of their energy by convertingenergy intoenergy.light energy (sunlight), chemical energy (sugars)Exam Page 81.A defining characteristic of fungi is the presence of chitin in the cell walls.Which of following also contain chitin? Select all that apply.A.MushroomsB.BacteriaC.YeastD.Molds2.True or False: A defining characteristic of Protista is the inability ofcolonies to form tissue layers. trueExam Page 91.Cell walls are found in which of the following (select all that apply):A.PlantsB.FungiC.BacteriaD.Mammalian cells

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E.Algae2.The function of the ribosome is (select all that apply):A.Lipid synthesisB.Protein synthesisC.To produce energy (ATP)D.Protein modification and distributionE.Waste disposal via hydrolytic enzymesExam Page 101.Identify the following cellular components by matching the number with thedescription.A.Rough endoplasmic reticulumB.Golgi apparatusC.Nucleus

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D.Cell wallE.Plasma membraneF.CentrioleG.Lysosome1C2G3E4B5AModule 2 Exam1.True or False: Metabolism is a controlled set of biochemical reactions thatoccur in living organisms in order to maintain life.True.2.True or False: Enzymes are polysaccharides that catalyzechemical reactions. False. Enzymes are proteins that catalyzechemical reactions.3.What are usually metal ions known to assists enzyme during thecatalysis reaction? Cofactors are usually metal ions and assistenzyme during the catalysis reaction.1.Define catabolism.

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It is a process that allows larger molecules to be broken down into useful energysources.2.Upon cellular injury, which metabolic process is involved during the growth andrepair phases of the cell? The anabolic process because it is involved with buildingup small complexes into larger complexes.Exam Page 31.Describe the energy transfer process relative to both ATP and ADP.ATP gives energy whereas ADP accepts energy to become ATP. During the donation ofenergy, ATP transfers energy from the breakdown reactions which is used for buildingup. This fuels cells to carry out necessary biochemical reactions for survival.2.From what source do chemotrophsacquire energy? From chemicals thatalready exist in the environment.3.An organism that obtains its source of carbon from inorganic molecules such ascarbon dioxide is referred to as a ?autotrophs4.This phosphorylation process occurs in the mitochondria of chemotropic eukaryotes.A.PhotophosphorylationB.Substrate-level phosphorylationC.Oxidative phosphorylation1.Identify the products of the following chemical equation:Glucose + 2NAD+→2 NADH + 2 Pyruvate + 2 ATP

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