American Red Cross Lifeguarding Practice Exam with Answers (238 Solved Questions)

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American Red Cross Lifeguarding Questions And Answers / Study Guide
what is the amount of oxygen that you exhale into a victim using only your pocketmask?
Correct Ans ~ 35-55%
what is the amount of oxygen given to a victim using a BVM without oxygen? Correct
Ans ~ Up to 90%
what is the amount of oxygen given to a victim using a BVM hooked up to oxygen?
Correct Ans ~ 90% or higher
What are some signs of hypoxia? Correct Ans ~ increased breathing & heart rates,
changes in LOC, restlessness, chest pain, cynosis
LOC Correct Ans ~ Level of consciousness
cynosis Correct Ans ~ tissue doesnt get enough oxygen; victim turns blue.
What are the breathing rates for an adult? Correct Ans ~ 12-20 bpm
BPM Correct Ans ~ breaths per minute
What are the breathing rates for a child? Correct Ans ~ 15-30 bpm
What are the breathing rates for an infant? Correct Ans ~ 25-50 bpm
What if breathing rate is above or below normal rates? Correct Ans ~ administer
emergency breathing
When placing mask on victim, what is the proper placement? Correct Ans ~ For
adults, you want the narrow part over the nose and the rim (bottom part) over the chin.
Same for children. But for infants, the sides are reversed.
What is the best method to determine that breaths given by a BVM are effective?
Correct Ans ~ check for chest rise and fall, rise in oxygenation, and change in color.
You and another rescuer arrive on the scene and are about to give breaths using BVM.
You just sealed the mask. Whats next? Correct Ans ~ make sure head is in proper
alignment
What is the flow rate for nasal cannula? Correct Ans ~ 1-6 LPM
LPM Correct Ans ~ Liters per minute

What is the flow rate for resuscitation mask? Correct Ans ~ 6-15 LPM
What is the flow rate for a non-rebreather mask? Correct Ans ~ 10-15 LPM
BVM Correct Ans ~ Bag-Valve Mask
What is the flow rate for a BVM? Correct Ans ~ 15LPM or higher
What do you use to set LPM? Correct Ans ~ with a variable-flow-rate oxygen system,
turn the FLOWMETER to suggested L.P.M
how do you determine oxygen is flowing? Correct Ans ~ Listen for a hissing sound
and feel for oxygen flow through the delivery device.
What will interfere with the accuracy of a pulse oximeter reading? Correct Ans ~
shock, cardiac arrest, excessive motion of patient during reading, carbon monoxide
poisoning, fingernail polish, hypothermia or other other cold related emergency, sickle
cell anemia, cigarette smokers, swelling, time lag detection of repiratory insufficiency
Pulse oximeter (the finger box thing) Correct Ans ~ used to measure percentage of
oxygen saturation in the blood.
What should you do when the oxygen cylinder reaads 200 lbs per sq. inch? Correct
Ans ~ do not use. you want the pressure gauge to read more than 200 psi
What should you do when the oxygen cylinder reaads 800 lbs per sq. inch? Correct
Ans ~ its ok to use
What pulse oximeter reading indicates possible hypoxia? Correct Ans ~ 94% and
below. 91-94 is mild, 86-90 is moderate, less than 85 is severe
How many seconds should ventilation last? Correct Ans ~ 1 second and make the
chest clearly rise
Active Drowning Victim Correct Ans ~ A person exhibiting universal behavior that
includes struggling at the surface in a vertical position and being unable to move forward
or tread water. Cant call for help
Passive Drowning Victim Correct Ans ~ An unconscious victim face-down, submerged
or near the surface.
What are signs of spinal victim? Correct Ans ~ unusual bumps or bruises, pain,
bleeding, loss of balance, etc. If the incident happened and you did not witness it, you
can assume it was a spinal. Reassess what they were doing before the incident

Your primary responsibility as a lifeguard is? Correct Ans ~ Preventing injuries,
enforcing rules, recognizing and responding quickly to emergencies, administering first
aid and CPR, and informing others when help is needed. Watching the water
How do you treat a victim with a head, back, or neck injury? Correct Ans ~ minimize
movement of area, if victim is in the water, immobilize them using a backboard. If the
victim is not breathing remove them first. call EMS first!
What do you do if you cant see a part of the pool because of glare? Correct Ans ~
move to a different position, ask to move the stand, get a closer look
A patron is running on deck. What should you do? Correct Ans ~ Ask them politely to
stop running. If they choose to ignore you advice them of certain consequences
When you have a victim with a head neck or back injury. What is the technique you use
in the water called? Correct Ans ~ Head-Splint technique. Keeping both hands on
muscles pressing against the head
A head, back, or neck injury rarely happens where? Correct Ans ~ supervised diving in
the deep end
What is an AFR? Correct Ans ~ Accidental Fecal Release
How do you handle an AFR? Correct Ans ~ direct all patrons to exit the pool that
uses the same filtration system, remove as much of the material as possible with a scoop
net trying not to break it apart. Dispose of.
AFR: stool Correct Ans ~ Filtration system, pH below 7.5, raise free chlorine to at
leaast 2 ppm, maintain levels for 25 min
AFR: diarrheal discharge Correct Ans ~ continue operating circulation system, adjust
pH to below 7.5, raise free chlorine to 20 ppm, maintain those levels for 13 hours,
backwash filter, return chlorine level to normal before reopening the pool.
What should you do if you see a patron trying to swim underneath the water for long
distances over long periods of time? Correct Ans ~ Stop him and tell him of the
dangers
What do you do with a victim that has suffered a head, neck or spine injury and is
conscious? Correct Ans ~ dont move the victim unless the scene becomes unsafe
What is effective scanning? Correct Ans ~ keeps an eye on the patrons of the pool,
checking the bottom, middle and surface of the water.

What type of coverage is it if your supervisor sets up multiple stands for watching the
pool? Correct Ans ~ zone coverage
When do you need to move the victim? Correct Ans ~ when the scene becomes
unsafe, and when more people are injured
What do you do in case of power failure? Correct Ans ~ clear everyone from the pool
You must leave the victim in order to get help. What must you do with the victim?
Correct Ans ~ Put them in the correct HAINES position
HAINES Correct Ans ~ High Arm IN Endangered Spine
What pieces of equip. needs to be accessible for an emergency? Correct Ans ~
Backboards, AED's, BVM, PPE, Reaching poles, Shepherds Crooks
What equip. should be carried with you at all time? Correct Ans ~ Pocket mask,
Gloves, First AID materials, Rescue tube
In what order do you strap the victim on the backboard in? Correct Ans ~ Chest,
Waist, Thighs
The facility management should provide you with what things? Correct Ans ~ pre-
service evaluation, annual or preseason orientation and training, a policies and
procedures manual and reg. in service training
What is an MSDS sheet and what info is on it? Correct Ans ~ Material Safety Data
Sheet; info about chemical, how to clean it up and how to safely dispose,
What is good indication someone has suffered a headback or spine injury? Correct Ans
~ If the accident was not seen
What is the good samaritan law? Are you protected? Correct Ans ~ protect people
against claims of negligence after providing care in good faith without having accepted
anything in return
What is negligence Correct Ans ~ The failure to follow the standard of care or to act,
thereby causing injury or further harm to another.
What should you do if you hear/ see lighting and thunder? Correct Ans ~ clear the
pool, get everyone inside, no phones, no showers, watch for storm on weather report,
PPE Correct Ans ~ personal protective equipment, use whenever you come in contact
with open wounds, another person, emergency breaths

Signs of Asthma. How to handle. Correct Ans ~ Hoarse inhaling (wheezing),
coughing, inability to talk. Caring: Sit in comfortable position, help with medication, use
inhaler, count to 10 holding breath (victim)
Conscious choking: Adult, Child Correct Ans ~ 5 hits on upper back between shoulder
blades, 5 abdominal thrusts.
Differences in providing care Correct Ans ~ breathing/has pulse; no
breathing/pulse;not breathing/no pulse
*Unconscious choking; Adult. Child. Infant Correct Ans ~ Retilt head and attempt
ventilation, give 30 chest compressions, look inside mouth, attempt ventilations
Infant. Conscious choking Correct Ans ~ 5 back blows, 5 chest thrusts (with two
fingers)
Continue providing care for choking until Correct Ans ~ object is forced out, victim
begins to cough or forcefully breathe, victim becomes unconscious
Adult CPR compression depth Correct Ans ~ 2 in or more
Child CPR compression depth Correct Ans ~ 2 in
Infant CPR compression depth Correct Ans ~ 1.5 in
Adult, Child, Infant CPR co0mpression cycles one rescuer Correct Ans ~ 30 chest
compressions and 2 vent.
Adult Child Infant CPR Compression cycles 2 rescuers Correct Ans ~ Adult stays the
same. Infant and Child change to 15 chest compressions 2 breaths
Rate of CPR compressions Correct Ans ~ 100 p.m.
Cardiac Chain of Survival (4 earlies) Correct Ans ~ early recognition and early access
to 911, early CPR, early defibrillation, early EMS care
V-fib Correct Ans ~ heart quivers, pumps but shallow. venticular fibrillation
V-tech Correct Ans ~ abnormal electrical impulse of heart; ventricular tachycardia
How to use AED Correct Ans ~ AED present, powered on, victims chest/suit is
prepped (shave, cut, dry, patch), pads placed on victims upper right & lower left, pads
are then plugged in, place analyze button or shock button if machine indicates
Agonal Gasps Correct Ans ~ Isolated or infrequent gasping in the

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absence of other breathing in an unconscious person. care for victim as if not breathing
by giving ventilations or providing CPR
Life threatening conditions Correct Ans ~ drowning, severe bleeding, unconsciousness,
cardiac problems, breathing problems
Non life threatening conditions Correct Ans ~ head neck back injury, cramps,
overexertion, dislocations, sunburns, fractures, sprains, dehydration
RWI Correct Ans ~ Recreational Water Illnesses
OSHA Correct Ans ~ Occupational and Safety Health Administration
total coverage Correct Ans ~ one person
FIND - F Correct Ans ~ Figure out the problem
FIND - I Correct Ans ~ Identify possible solutions
FIND - N Correct Ans ~ Name the pros and cons for each solution
FIND - D Correct Ans ~ Decide which solution is best
One long whistle Correct Ans ~ leaving stand
2 whistles Correct Ans ~ someone come and help me with...
3 whistles Correct Ans ~ calls head lifeguard
4 whistles Correct Ans ~ first aid, where person cant get to office. Bleeding, fall,
someone needs help, Not life threatening
PDSD Correct Ans ~ Post dramatic stress disorder
Whistle activates... Correct Ans ~ EAP
FAST Correct Ans ~ Face, Arm, Speech, Time
SAMPLE Correct Ans ~ Signs and symptoms, Allergies, Medications, Pertinent past
medical history, Last oral intake, Events leading to incident
Secondary assesment is Correct Ans ~ non life threatening
Duty to act Correct Ans ~ Your legal responsibility to do something in the case of an
emergency

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Anaphylactic Shock Correct Ans ~ A severe allergic reaction in
which air passages may swell and restrict breathing; a
form of shock. See also anaphylaxis.
AED Correct Ans ~ automated external defibrillator
Distressed Swimmer Correct Ans ~ A person capable of staying afloat, but likely to
need assistance to get to safety.
EAP Correct Ans ~ emergency action plan
in line stabilization Correct Ans ~ A technique used to minimize movement of a
victim's head and neck while providing care.
RICE Correct Ans ~ rest, immobilize, cold, elevate
CPR child age Correct Ans ~ 12
AED child age Correct Ans ~ 1 yr- 8yr 50 lbs

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