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AP World History Unit 4 Study Guide (Transoceanic

Explore how cross-cultural exchanges from 1450–1750 led to major tech innovations like the caravel, compass, and astrolabe. These advances improved navigation and ship design, boosting global trade and enabling transoceanic exploration and expansion.

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Unit 4: Transoceanic Interconnections Study Guidec. 1450-1750Topic 4.1 Technological Innovations from 1450 - 1750Learning ObjectiveExpain howcrosa-culturalirte’Bctons resultec inthe diffusion oftechnology andfacilitatec changes inpatterns of trade andtravel from 1450 to1750.Historical DevelopmentsKncwedge, sciertific learning, andtechnology from the Classical, Islamic,ana Asian worlds spread, fatrtat ngEuropean technological developmentsand innovation.Tne developments included theproduct on of new tools, innovations inship designs, and an improveduncerstanc ng o' -eg ona wind anccurrents patterns—all of which macetransoceanic travel and trace passible.Innovations in ship design:•-CaraveJ•'Carrack•F JylEuropean technological cevelopmentsinfluenoed by o-oss-ojlt jrainteractions with tne Classical. Islamic,and Asian worias:•Lateen sail•‘Compass•Ast-onom sal charts1.Describe technological diffusions that occurred in the 1450-1750 timeperiod. Name the technology, its origins, and where it diffused.-From 1450 ta 1750, technological diffusions that occurred during this periodhelped improve maritime activity-Gunpowder originated in China in the 9th century, diffused to Europe then theAmericas-Printing press: originated in Germany in 1450, diffused to Europe than NorthAmerica-Steam engine: originated in England in the 17th century, diffused to Europethen the Americas-Gunsmithing: originated in Germany in the 15th century, diffused to Europe thento the Americas-Gold, silk, + spices: originated in Portugal, diffused to Holland-Guns: originated in Portugal, diffused to West Africa-Lateen sail: originated in Rome; diffused to the Indian Ocean-Compass: originated in China, diffused to Europe-Astrolabe: originated in Greece, diffused to the Middle East, North Africa, andAsia-Caravel: originated in Portugal in the 15th century, diffused to the AtlanticOcean-Fluyt: originated in the Dutch Republic in the 16th century2.Describe new technologies of the 1450 - 1750 time period and specificexamples of how they facilitated patterns of trade and travel from 1450 to1750.-New ships designs such as the Caravel, Fluyt, and Carrack were built towithstand heavier loads and the harsh conditions of the sea-For example, the caravel allowed Europeans to cross the Atlantic Ocean; thecarrack was easy to maneuver and was useful to merchants/explorers; thecarrack was also used for exploration in the Atlantic, but had increased speed;the fluyt was a lightweight ship built by the Dutch and dominated internationaltrade-New navigation technologies like the compass, astrolabe, and astronomicalcharts helped sailors accurately guide themselves through the sea-Understanding monsoon winds facilitated trade between Eurasia and theAmericas (wind patterns)-The invention of the printing press allowed religious ideas to spread-Astrolabe: created by the Greeks and mastered by the Islamic world; itmeasures the incline position of celestial bodies to determine location3.What is a lateen sail and why was it significant in the 1450-1750 timeperiod?-The lateen sail was a triangular sail used by Arab Sailors in the Indian Oceanand the Mediterranean Sea. It was capable of using strong winds to travel withexcellent speed.-It was significant in the 1450-1750 time period because it allowed ships to sailcloser to the wind, making long-distance exploration and trade possible. Thisallowed Europeans to expand their trading networks and colonize territories,such as the Americas. In addition, because lateen sails were moremaneuverable on smaller ships, it allowed naval conflict to become moreeffective. Plus, sailors were able to travel into open oceans and control theirdirection, which contributed to trade.4.What is a caravel and why was it significant in the 1450 to 1750 timeperiod?-A caravel was a small, fast sailing ship that was developed by the Portugueseand the Spanish during the 15th century. It was used for exploration, trade, andwar.-It was significant because it allowed for European expansion and exploration inthe Atlantic Ocean and West Africa-Started trading in sea routes; allowed sailors to survive storms-Easy to build-It played a key role in the Age of Discovery and helped spread European ideas5.Making connections: Give an example or technology in the 1750-1900 timeperiod that facilitated trade and travel during that later time period.-The steamboat is an example of technology that facilitated trade and travelfrom 1750 to 1900. Steamboats not only replaced sailing ships as the main wayfor the transportation of goods and people, buttheir speed and efficiencyallowed for faster trade. This resulted in steamboats having a significantimpact on trade and travel during this time period.

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