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Comparison of Sea-Based Empires (1450-1750): Spain and Portugal built empires with monarch-led governments, using tech like muskets and ships. Spain focused on silver/gold; Portugal on trade ports.
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Name: Makayla Bealer Date: 1.7/2021 Perioo: Sth
Unit 4: Sea-Based Empires Comparison 1450-1750
Spain Portugal
G o v e r n m e n t
Expla n the process of state
build ng and exparscn.
How did they build anc "-a-ags
the r empires? 'Aho rtas h
charge? What tyce of govt?
In S p a i n , the S p a n i s h E m p i r e had control of the P h i l i p p i n e s
and m i n e d silver in tne A m e r i c a s In tne beg nning S p a n let
the c o r q u s t a d o r s govern tne l a n d s they nad c o n q u e r e d but
later on w a s n ' t s u c c e s s f u l . In order to c o n t r o l its new e m p i r e ,
S p a i n created a formal system of g o v e r n m e n t to rule its
c o l o n i e s . F e r d i n a n d II a c t u a l l y ruled S p a i n in 1492. The type
of g o v e r n m e n t was consu ted with m a n y m o n a r c h s .
In Portugal the P o r t u g u e s e colonized Brazil and went on
e x p e d i t i o n s . P o r t u g u e s e e m p i r e was also b a s e d on the kings
ruling over the p e o p l e .
T r a d i n g P o s t s a n d / o r
C o l o n i e s E s t a b l i s h e d
C o l u m b u s f o u n d e d Isabe a, the first p e r m a n e n t S p a n i s h
settlement in the N e w World on H i s p a n i o l a
Poriugal e s t a b l i s h e d trading ports at far-flung l o c a t i o n s like
G o a , O r m u z , M a l a c c a , K o c h i , the M a l u k u I s l a n d s , M a c a u ,
and N a g a s a k i .
T e c h n o l o g i c a l
I n n o v a t i o n s
LWral technotages did this
e/rpre utilize or develop to
estabfe/r and rrarrSaw tfieir sea-
based ecrpue?
One of the t e c h n o l o g i c a l d e v e l o p m e n t s that h e l p e d m a i n t a n
their e m p i r e was a wheel lock m u s k e t . The wheel lock was a
d e v i c e for igniting the p o w d e r in a f rearm such as a m u s k e t .
It was d e v e l o p e d in about 1 5 1 5 .
P o d u g u e s e d e v e l o p e c th ngs such as the Carrack and the
G a l l e o n . The c a r r a c k was used the Carjack to m o v e gooos
to Africa. India, and the S o i c e I s l a n d s .G a l l e o n s were large,
mult - d e c k e d s a i l i n g ships first used as a r m e d c a r g o c a r r i e r s
by E u r o p e a n states
E c o n o m i c
Hav o'd rhe trading posts andbr
cofames canr.ibuSe to this
empire's economic
development?
S i l v e r and Gold were the main t h i n g s that were important in
S p a i n being that they m a d e most of their m o n e y off t h e s e
t h i n g s . They were also a main r e a s o n why there were slave
t r a d e s .
W h e n Portuguese started to e x p a n d , they started to receive
more and more gold i n s i d e their country which allowed t h e m
to m a k e c o i n s out of and they c a l l e d it C r u z a d o
S o c i a l
LWtal secs' changes ivere
brought by the estaHtshnernt of
the.'r tradingposts andtar
colonies?
Being that tne E n g l i s h won the war with the D u t c h , th ngs like
the writ ng of S h a k e s oeare was iintroducec as kind of like a
c e l e b r a t i o n / r e w a r d.
T h e P o r t u g u e s e c o n s i s t e d of two c l a s s e s . The r e c o n o m i c
p ' o p e t i e s were based on who Fad tne ownersh p or the
land.
Culture
rWiaf cuiujra1 changes were
brought t y the establishment of
the.'r trad™ posts andfcr
cotaraes?
T h o u g h i n f l u e n c e d by S p a n i s h t r a d i t i o n s from the I b e r i a n
p e n i n s u l a , the c u l t u r e that e m e r g e d in the colonial New W o r l d
was a m i x t u r e of E u ' o p e a n , African, and local Native
c u s t o m s .
P o h u g a l had lots of d i s p u t e s with M u s l i m traders, and
c o m p e t i t i o n with S p a i n to c o n q u e r m o r e land. They also had
s t r o n g w a r s h i p s , tnat were sent out to c o n q u e r t r a d i n g posts,
and fight M u s l i m traders.
Netherlands (Dutch) France England
G o v e r n m e n t
Explain the process of slate
building and expat's on.
How co they ouild arc m a _ age
the r anti res? 'Aho was in
charge? What tyce of govt?
Dur ng the process of state b u i l d i n g
and e x p a n s i o n , the D u t c h had an
East India c o m p a n y . D u t c h
merchants were r e m a r k a b l y
p r a g m a t i c in p o l i t c a l and e c o n o m i c
m a t t e r s . As a r e s u l t , D u t c h power
grew m o r e r a p i d l y than E n g l i s h or
F r e n c h
In F r a n c e , C o l o n i e s w e r e r u l e d , on the
one h a n d , t h r o u g h d e c r e e s i s s u e d by
two different ministries in P a r i s and, on
the o t h e r b a n d by executive o r d e r s that
m a d e the r e p r e s e n t a t i v e of the F r e n c h
g o v e r n m e n t .
In B r i t a i n t h e y built and m a n a g e d their
e m o i r e by s p r e a d i n g rhe country’s rule
and power b e y o n d its bo r ders t h r o u g h a
p r o c e s s c a l l e d i m p e r i a l i s m . T h i s b r o u g h t
h u g e c h a n g e s to s o c i e t i e s , industries,
c u l t u r e s and tne l i v e s of o e o p l e a l l a r o u n d
the w o r l d .
Trading Posts and/or
Colonies Established
D u t c h entrepreneurs e s t a b l i s h e d
N e w N e t h e r l a n d . a s e r i e s of t r a d i n g
p o s t s , towns, a r d forts up and down
the H u d s o n River
Ports s u c h as L o u i s , C a p e G i r a r d e a u ,
M o b i l e , B i l o x i . B a t o n R o u g e a n d N e w
O r l e a n s im tne United States were
d e v e l o p e d by the F r e n c h
T n e British developed 13 c o l o n i e s w h i c h
were Massachusetts, N e w H a m p s h i r e
R h o c e I s l a n d , C o n n e c t i c u t N e w York.
P e n n s y l v a n i a , D e l a w a r e , N e w J e r s e y ,
M a r y l a n d , V i r g i n i a , N o l h C a r o l i n a S o u t n
C a r o l i n a , and Geo r gia.
Technological
Innovations
Wfat technologies efid ibis empire
uoi'ize or devalqp to estan'tsb and
maintain thar sea-based empre?
The D u t c h u s e d t e c h n o l o g y s u c h as
s u b m a r nes. S u b m a r i n e s p r o v i d e d a
m e a n s to land s p e c i a l f o r c e s in
h o s t i l e r e g i o n s and were able to be
fitted with s u i t a b = w e a p o n s d u r i n g
the tim e of war.
O n e of the m a i n d e v e l o p m e n t s was the
G u i l l o t i n e w h i c h w a s d e v e l o p e d as a
m o - e h u m a n e m e t h o c of e x e c u t i o n . The
g u i l l o t i n e is a m a c h i n e used to e x e c u t e
p e o p l e by c h o p p ng off their h e a o s
B r t a n led to r e v o l u t i o n a r y c h a r g e s in
m a n u f a c t u r i n g , the d e v e l o p m e n t of
factory s y s t e m s , and growth of
t r a n s p o r t a t i o n by r a i l w a y and s t e a m ship
E c o n o m i c
now did tbe trading posts and'or
cotanies contribute to this empire's
econoiTtd de iapment?
A g r i c u l t u r e and f s i t i n g formec the
b a s i s for the D u t c h e c o n o m y in the
15th a n d 1 6 t h c e n t u r i e s . Also in the
17th c e n t u r y , m a n y f a r m e r s also
t u r n e d to market g a r d e n i n g to
s u p p l y the cit es with v e g e t a b l e s .
T h e r e we r e bas c e c o n o m i c s e c t o r s
s u c h as coal, steel, c e m e n t , farm
m a c h i n e r y , and transportation which
were c h o s e n for m a j o r e x p a n s i o n , and
p r o d u c t i v i t y greatly e x c e e d e c the target
g o a l s .
T h r o u g h o u t the 1 7 t h c e n t u r y E n g l a n d ' s
e c o n o m y r e m a i n e d l a r g e l y based on
a g r i c u l t u r e and t r a d i t i o n a l i n d u s t r i e s .
Unit 4: Sea-Based Empires Comparison 1450-1750
Spain Portugal
G o v e r n m e n t
Expla n the process of state
build ng and exparscn.
How did they build anc "-a-ags
the r empires? 'Aho rtas h
charge? What tyce of govt?
In S p a i n , the S p a n i s h E m p i r e had control of the P h i l i p p i n e s
and m i n e d silver in tne A m e r i c a s In tne beg nning S p a n let
the c o r q u s t a d o r s govern tne l a n d s they nad c o n q u e r e d but
later on w a s n ' t s u c c e s s f u l . In order to c o n t r o l its new e m p i r e ,
S p a i n created a formal system of g o v e r n m e n t to rule its
c o l o n i e s . F e r d i n a n d II a c t u a l l y ruled S p a i n in 1492. The type
of g o v e r n m e n t was consu ted with m a n y m o n a r c h s .
In Portugal the P o r t u g u e s e colonized Brazil and went on
e x p e d i t i o n s . P o r t u g u e s e e m p i r e was also b a s e d on the kings
ruling over the p e o p l e .
T r a d i n g P o s t s a n d / o r
C o l o n i e s E s t a b l i s h e d
C o l u m b u s f o u n d e d Isabe a, the first p e r m a n e n t S p a n i s h
settlement in the N e w World on H i s p a n i o l a
Poriugal e s t a b l i s h e d trading ports at far-flung l o c a t i o n s like
G o a , O r m u z , M a l a c c a , K o c h i , the M a l u k u I s l a n d s , M a c a u ,
and N a g a s a k i .
T e c h n o l o g i c a l
I n n o v a t i o n s
LWral technotages did this
e/rpre utilize or develop to
estabfe/r and rrarrSaw tfieir sea-
based ecrpue?
One of the t e c h n o l o g i c a l d e v e l o p m e n t s that h e l p e d m a i n t a n
their e m p i r e was a wheel lock m u s k e t . The wheel lock was a
d e v i c e for igniting the p o w d e r in a f rearm such as a m u s k e t .
It was d e v e l o p e d in about 1 5 1 5 .
P o d u g u e s e d e v e l o p e c th ngs such as the Carrack and the
G a l l e o n . The c a r r a c k was used the Carjack to m o v e gooos
to Africa. India, and the S o i c e I s l a n d s .G a l l e o n s were large,
mult - d e c k e d s a i l i n g ships first used as a r m e d c a r g o c a r r i e r s
by E u r o p e a n states
E c o n o m i c
Hav o'd rhe trading posts andbr
cofames canr.ibuSe to this
empire's economic
development?
S i l v e r and Gold were the main t h i n g s that were important in
S p a i n being that they m a d e most of their m o n e y off t h e s e
t h i n g s . They were also a main r e a s o n why there were slave
t r a d e s .
W h e n Portuguese started to e x p a n d , they started to receive
more and more gold i n s i d e their country which allowed t h e m
to m a k e c o i n s out of and they c a l l e d it C r u z a d o
S o c i a l
LWtal secs' changes ivere
brought by the estaHtshnernt of
the.'r tradingposts andtar
colonies?
Being that tne E n g l i s h won the war with the D u t c h , th ngs like
the writ ng of S h a k e s oeare was iintroducec as kind of like a
c e l e b r a t i o n / r e w a r d.
T h e P o r t u g u e s e c o n s i s t e d of two c l a s s e s . The r e c o n o m i c
p ' o p e t i e s were based on who Fad tne ownersh p or the
land.
Culture
rWiaf cuiujra1 changes were
brought t y the establishment of
the.'r trad™ posts andfcr
cotaraes?
T h o u g h i n f l u e n c e d by S p a n i s h t r a d i t i o n s from the I b e r i a n
p e n i n s u l a , the c u l t u r e that e m e r g e d in the colonial New W o r l d
was a m i x t u r e of E u ' o p e a n , African, and local Native
c u s t o m s .
P o h u g a l had lots of d i s p u t e s with M u s l i m traders, and
c o m p e t i t i o n with S p a i n to c o n q u e r m o r e land. They also had
s t r o n g w a r s h i p s , tnat were sent out to c o n q u e r t r a d i n g posts,
and fight M u s l i m traders.
Netherlands (Dutch) France England
G o v e r n m e n t
Explain the process of slate
building and expat's on.
How co they ouild arc m a _ age
the r anti res? 'Aho was in
charge? What tyce of govt?
Dur ng the process of state b u i l d i n g
and e x p a n s i o n , the D u t c h had an
East India c o m p a n y . D u t c h
merchants were r e m a r k a b l y
p r a g m a t i c in p o l i t c a l and e c o n o m i c
m a t t e r s . As a r e s u l t , D u t c h power
grew m o r e r a p i d l y than E n g l i s h or
F r e n c h
In F r a n c e , C o l o n i e s w e r e r u l e d , on the
one h a n d , t h r o u g h d e c r e e s i s s u e d by
two different ministries in P a r i s and, on
the o t h e r b a n d by executive o r d e r s that
m a d e the r e p r e s e n t a t i v e of the F r e n c h
g o v e r n m e n t .
In B r i t a i n t h e y built and m a n a g e d their
e m o i r e by s p r e a d i n g rhe country’s rule
and power b e y o n d its bo r ders t h r o u g h a
p r o c e s s c a l l e d i m p e r i a l i s m . T h i s b r o u g h t
h u g e c h a n g e s to s o c i e t i e s , industries,
c u l t u r e s and tne l i v e s of o e o p l e a l l a r o u n d
the w o r l d .
Trading Posts and/or
Colonies Established
D u t c h entrepreneurs e s t a b l i s h e d
N e w N e t h e r l a n d . a s e r i e s of t r a d i n g
p o s t s , towns, a r d forts up and down
the H u d s o n River
Ports s u c h as L o u i s , C a p e G i r a r d e a u ,
M o b i l e , B i l o x i . B a t o n R o u g e a n d N e w
O r l e a n s im tne United States were
d e v e l o p e d by the F r e n c h
T n e British developed 13 c o l o n i e s w h i c h
were Massachusetts, N e w H a m p s h i r e
R h o c e I s l a n d , C o n n e c t i c u t N e w York.
P e n n s y l v a n i a , D e l a w a r e , N e w J e r s e y ,
M a r y l a n d , V i r g i n i a , N o l h C a r o l i n a S o u t n
C a r o l i n a , and Geo r gia.
Technological
Innovations
Wfat technologies efid ibis empire
uoi'ize or devalqp to estan'tsb and
maintain thar sea-based empre?
The D u t c h u s e d t e c h n o l o g y s u c h as
s u b m a r nes. S u b m a r i n e s p r o v i d e d a
m e a n s to land s p e c i a l f o r c e s in
h o s t i l e r e g i o n s and were able to be
fitted with s u i t a b = w e a p o n s d u r i n g
the tim e of war.
O n e of the m a i n d e v e l o p m e n t s was the
G u i l l o t i n e w h i c h w a s d e v e l o p e d as a
m o - e h u m a n e m e t h o c of e x e c u t i o n . The
g u i l l o t i n e is a m a c h i n e used to e x e c u t e
p e o p l e by c h o p p ng off their h e a o s
B r t a n led to r e v o l u t i o n a r y c h a r g e s in
m a n u f a c t u r i n g , the d e v e l o p m e n t of
factory s y s t e m s , and growth of
t r a n s p o r t a t i o n by r a i l w a y and s t e a m ship
E c o n o m i c
now did tbe trading posts and'or
cotanies contribute to this empire's
econoiTtd de iapment?
A g r i c u l t u r e and f s i t i n g formec the
b a s i s for the D u t c h e c o n o m y in the
15th a n d 1 6 t h c e n t u r i e s . Also in the
17th c e n t u r y , m a n y f a r m e r s also
t u r n e d to market g a r d e n i n g to
s u p p l y the cit es with v e g e t a b l e s .
T h e r e we r e bas c e c o n o m i c s e c t o r s
s u c h as coal, steel, c e m e n t , farm
m a c h i n e r y , and transportation which
were c h o s e n for m a j o r e x p a n s i o n , and
p r o d u c t i v i t y greatly e x c e e d e c the target
g o a l s .
T h r o u g h o u t the 1 7 t h c e n t u r y E n g l a n d ' s
e c o n o m y r e m a i n e d l a r g e l y based on
a g r i c u l t u r e and t r a d i t i o n a l i n d u s t r i e s .
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