ATLS Critical Care Written Review exam With Answers (134 Solved Questions)

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ATLS Written Review exam questionsand answersWhat is the primary goal of treating TBI? How is this done? -preventing secondarybrain injury. This is done by maintaining blood pressure and providing adequateprofusion.After managing ABCDEs of TBI what MUST be identified if present? How is this done? -mass lesion that requires surgical evacuation is critical! this is done with CT. NOTE:obtaining a CT should not delay patient transfer to trauma center.Which brain lobes do the following hold:1. anterior fossa:2. middle fossa:3. posterior fossa: -1. anterior fossa: frontal lobes2. middle fossa: temporal lobes3. posterior fossa: lower brainstem and cerebellumWhat are the 3 layers of the meninges? -dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia materWhat does the dura mater adhere firmly to? -the skull. it is tough and fibrousWhat layer of the meninges splits into two leaves as specific sites to enclose largevenous sinuses? What do these sinuses do? -dura mater.these sinuses provide major venous drainage from the brain.What is the midline sinus of of the brain that splits into two sinuses: bilateral transverseand sigmoid sinus? What side are these bigger on? -The main sinus enclosed by thedura major is the midline superior sagital sinus. This splits into the sigmoid and bilateraltransverse sinuses which are larger on the right side.What are the arteries that lie between the skull and the dura mater (epidural space)? -meningeal arteries.What is the most commonly injured meningeal artery and where is it located? -middlemeningeal artery.Located over the temporal fossaT/F: the arachnoid mater is fused to the dura mater? -FALSE: not attached. Thisproduces a potential space for a subdural hematomaIn a subdural hematoma, what is the cause? -injury to bridging veins that extend frombrain surface to the sinuses within the dura._______ fills the space between the arachnoid and pia mater? -CSF. this cushionsthe brain and spinal cord.What location of brain hemorrhage is frequently seen in brain contusion or injury tomajor blood vessels at base of brain? -subarachnoid.The ____ and _____ contain the reticular activating system which is responsible for____. -midbrain and upper ponsstate of alertnessWhat important function resides in the medulla? -cardiorespiratory centers.What important functions are in the following brain segments:1. left hemisphere:lOMoARcPSD|13778330

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2. frontal lobe:3. parietal lobe:4. temporal: -1. left hemisphere: language center2. frontal lobe: executive function, emotions, motor3. parietal lobe: sensory function/spatial orientation4. temporal: memory functionsWhat divides the brain into supratentorial and infratentorial compartments? -tentoriumcerebelli. (tent over cerebellum)What is the physiology behind a blown pupil? -blown pupil: dilation of pupil-CN III runs along the tentorium cerebelli. parasympathetic fibers that constrict the pupilrun along CN III (oculomotor). When temporal lobe is herniated, it can compress thesefibers. Unapposed sympathetic activity causes pupillary dilation.What is the tentorial notch/hiatus -this is where the midbrain passes through into theinfratentorial compartment.what part of the brain most commonly herniates through the tentorial notch? -Uncus(medial part of temporal lobe)does weakness occur on the same or opposite side of the uncal herniation? -OPPOSITE. the corticospinal tract of the midbrain is compressed and then crosses atthe foramen magnum.state: Ipsilateral/contralateral____ pupillary dilation associated with _____ hemiparesis is the classic sign of uncialherniation. -ipsicontraaverage ICP is _____ mmHg. -10The monro-kellie doctrine states that the total volume of intracranial contents mustremain constant, because the cranium is ___ -a rigid, non expandable container.The monro-kellie doctrine states that _____ and _____ may be compressed out of theskull providing a degree of buffering. -CSF and venous blood.Once the CSF and venous blood reach a certain level of displacement the ICP rapidlyincreases.What is the equation for CPP (cerebral perfusion pressure)? -CPP=MAP-ICPin TBI, Every effort should be made to reduce ______, while normalizing ____, ___, and_____. -ICPMAP, oxygenation, intravascular volumeWhat GCS ranges for the following classes:1. Minor2. Moderate3. Severe -1. 13-152. 9-123. 3-8What nerve palsy may occur with basilar skull fracture? -seventh nerve.A GCS of ___ is accepted definition of coma? -8 or lesslOMoARcPSD|13778330

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