CASP+ CompTIA Advanced Security Practitioner Study Guide: Exam CAS-004 (2022)

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CASP+FourthEdition

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CASP+FourthEditionNadeanH.TannerJeffT.ParkerCusmex

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Copyright©2023byJohnWiley&Sons,Inc.Allrightsreserved.PublishedbyJohnWiley&Sons,Inc.,Hoboken,NewJersey.PublishedsimultaneouslyinCanadaandtheUnitedKingdom.ISBN:978-1-119-80316-4ISBN:978-1-119-80318-8(ebk.)ISBN:978-1-119-80317-1(ebk.)Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,scanning,orotherwise,exceptaspermittedunderSection107or108ofthe1976UnitedStatesCopyrightAct,withouteitherthepriorwrittenpermissionofthePublisher,orauthorizationthroughpaymentoftheappropriateper-copyfeetotheCopyrightClearanceCenter,Inc.,222RosewoodDrive,Danvers,MA01923,(978)750-8400,fax(978)750-4470,oronthewebatvwcopyright.com.RequeststothePublisherforpermissionshouldbeaddressedtothePermissionsDepartment,JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.,111RiverStreet,Hoboken,NJ07030,(201)748-6011,fax(201)748-6008,oronlineatwww.wiley.com/go/permission.Trademarks:WILEY,theWileylogo,Sybex,andtheSybexlogoaretrademarksorregisteredtrademarksofJohnWiley&Sons,Inc.and/oritsaffiliates,intheUnitedStatesandothercountries,andmaynotbeusedwithoutwrittenpermission.CompTIAandCASP+aretrademarksorregisteredtrademarksofCompTIA,Inc.Allothertrademarksarethepropertyoftheirrespectiveowners.JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.isnotassociatedwithanyproductorvendormentionedinthisbook.LimitofLiability/DisclaimerofWarranty:Whilethepublisherandauthorhaveusedtheirbesteffortsinpreparingthisbook,theymakenorepresentationsorwarrantieswithrespecttotheaccuracyorcompletenessofthecontentsofthisbookandspecificallydisclaimanyimpliedwarrantiesofmerchantabilityorfitnessforaparticularpurpose.Nowarrantymaybecreatedorextendedbysalesrepresentativesorwrittensalesmaterials.Theadviceandstrategiescontainedhereinmaynotbesuitableforyoursituation.Youshouldconsultwithaprofessionalwhereappropriate.Further,readersshouldbeawarethatwebsiteslistedinthisworkmayhavechangedordisappearedbetweenwhenthisworkwaswrittenandwhenitisread.Neitherthepublishernorauthorsshallbeliableforanylossofprofitoranyothercommercialdamages,includingbutnotlimitedtospecial,incidental,consequential,orotherdamages.Forgeneralinformationonourotherproductsandservicesorfortechnicalsupport,pleasecontactourCustomerCareDepartmentwithintheUnitedStatesat(800)762-2974,outsidetheUnitedStatesat(317)572-3993orfax(317)572-4002.Wileyalsopublishesitsbooksinavarietyofelectronicformats.Somecontentthatappearsinprintmaynotbeavailableinelectronicformats.FormoreinformationaboutWileyproducts,visitourwebsiteatwww.wiLey.com.LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2022942942Coverimage:©JeremyWoodhouse/GettyImages,Inc.Coverdesign:WileyStudy

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AcknowledgmentsMyfirstthreebookswerededicatedtoKenneth,Shelby,andGavin:thankyouforyourloveandsupportandallyourelectronicaladvice.ToKellyTalbot,myeditor,thankyouforyourkindpatienceandmakingthingseasywhenyoucould,whichwasn’toften.ToChrisCrayton,mytechnicaleditor,youwereright—mostofthetime.AsawomaninITfor20+years,Iknowtherearestillman-madedisasters.AndtoOphelia...becauseIcan,soIdid.Study

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AbouttheAuthorsNadeanH.TanneristheseniormanagerofconsultingatMandiant,workingmostrecentlyonbuildingreal-worldcyberrangeengagementstopracticethreathuntingandincidentresponse.ShehasbeeninITformorethan20yearsandspecificallyincybersecurityformorethanadecade.Sheholdsmorethan30industrycertificationsincludingCompTIACASP+,Security+,and(ISC)*CISSP.TannerhastrainedandconsultedforFortune500companiesandtheU.S.DepartmentofDefenseincybersecurity,forensics,analysis,red/blueteaming,vulnerabilitymanagement,andsecurityawareness.SheistheauthoroftheCybersecurityBlueTeamToolkit,publishedbyWileyin2019,andCASP+PracticeTests:ExamCAS-004,publishedbySybexin2020.ShealsowasthetechnicaleditorfortheCompTIASecurity+StudyGuide:ExamSY0-601andCompTIAPenTest+StudyGuide:ExamPT0-002writtenbyMikeChappleandDavidSeidl.Inhersparetime,TannerenjoysspeakingattechnicalconferencessuchasBlackHat,WildWestHackingFest,andOWASPevents.JeffT.Parkerisaninformationsecurityprofessionalwithmorethan20years’experienceincybersecurityconsultingandITriskmanagement.JeffstartedininformationsecuritywhileworkingasasoftwareengineerforHPinBoston,Massachusetts.JeffthentooktheroleofaglobalITriskmanagerforDeutschePosttoenjoyPragueintheCzechRepublicwithhisfamilyforseveralyears.TherehedevelopedandoversawtheimplementationofanewITriskmanagementstrategy.Today,JeffmostenjoystimewithhistwochildreninNovaScotia.Currently,Jeffisdevelopingcustome-learningcoursesinsecurityawarenessforMarinerInnovations.Jeffmaintainsseveralcertifications,includingCISSP,CEH,andCompTIA’sCySA+andITT+.HealsocoauthoredthebookWiresharkforSecurityProfessionals:UsingWiresharkandtheMetasploitFramework(Wiley,2017)withJesseyBullock.JeffalsohaswrittenWileypracticeexambooksfortheCompTIAcertificationsCySA+andtheA+(2018and2019,respectively).

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AbouttheTechnicalEditorChrisCraytonisatechnicalconsultant,trainer,author,andindustry-leadingtechnicaleditor.Hehasworkedasacomputertechnologyandnetworkinginstructor,informationsecuritydirector,networkadministrator,networkengineer,andPCspecialist.ChrishasauthoredseveralprintandonlinebooksonPCrepair,CompTIAA+,CompTIASecurity+,andMicro-softWindows.Hehasalsoservedastechnicaleditorandcontentcontributoronnumeroustechnicaltitlesforseveraloftheleadingpublishingcompanies.Heholdsnumerousindustrycertifications,hasbeenrecognizedwithmanyprofessionalandteachingawards,andhasservedasastate-levelSkillsUSAfinalcompetitionjudge.

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ContentsataGlanceIntroductionxxvAssessmentTestxxXxXVChapter1RiskManagement1Chapter2ConfigureandImplementEndpointSecurityControls43Chapter3SecurityOperationsScenarios63Chapter4SecurityOps:VulnerabilityAssessmentsandOperationalRisk91Chapter5ComplianceandVendorRisk165Chapter6CryptographyandPKI2nChapter7IncidentResponseandForensics265Chapter8SecurityArchitecture301Chapter9SecureCloudandVirtualization415Chapter10MobilityandEmergingTechnologies467AppendixAnswerstoReviewQuestions505Index529T=Study)

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ContentsIntroductionxxvAssessmentTestxxXxXVChapter1RiskManagement1RiskTerminology4TheRiskAssessmentProcess6AssetIdentification6InformationClassification8RiskAssessment9RiskAssessmentOptions14ImplementingControls16PoliciesUsedtoManageEmployees17Pre-EmploymentPolicies18EmploymentPolicies18EndofEmploymentandTerminationProcedures20Cost-BenefitAnalysis21ContinuousMonitoring22EnterpriseSecurityArchitectureFrameworksandGovernance23TrainingandAwarenessforUsers24BestPracticesforRiskAssessments25BusinessContinuityPlanningandDisasterRecovery27ReviewingtheEffectivenessofExistingSecurityControls28ConductingLessonsLearnedandAfter-ActionReviews30Creation,Collection,andAnalysisofMetrics31Metrics31TrendData32AnalyzingSecuritySolutionstoEnsureTheyMeetBusinessNeeds32TestingPlans33InternalandExternalAudits34UsingJudgmenttoSolveDifficultProblems35Summary3sExamEssentials36ReviewQuestions38Chapter2ConfigureandImplementEndpointSecurityControls43HardeningTechniques45AddressSpaceLayoutRandomizationUse47HardwareSecurityModuleandTrustedPlatformModule~~48TrustedOperatingSystems52CompensatingControls55

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xviContentsSummary57ExamEssentials58ReviewQuestions59Chapter3SecurityOperationsScenarios63ThreatManagement66TypesofIntelligence66ThreatHunting67ThreatEmulation67ActorTypes67IntelligenceCollectionMethods71Open-SourceIntelligence71HumanIntelligenceandSocialEngineering73Frameworks74MITREAdversarialTactics,TechniquesandCommonKnowledge74ATT&CKforIndustrialControlSystems75CyberKillChain76DiamondModelofIntrusionAnalysis76IndicatorsofCompromise77ReadingtheLogs77IntrusionDetectionandPrevention78NotificationsandResponsestoIoCs79Response80Summary85ExamEssentials85ReviewQuestions36Chapter4SecurityOps:VulnerabilityAssessmentsandOperationalRisk91Terminology97VulnerabilityManagement98SecurityContentAutomationProtocol103Self-Assessmentvs.Third-PartyVendorAssessment105PatchManagement108InformationSources110Tools112Assessments124PenetrationTesting129AssessmentTypes131Vulnerabilities134BufferOverflow134IntegerOverflow135MemoryLeaks136

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ContentsxviiRaceConditions(TOC/TOU)136ResourceExhaustion137DataRemnants138UseofThird-PartyLibraries138CodeReuse138CryptographicVulnerabilities138BrokenAuthentication139SecurityMisconfiguration140InherentlyVulnerableSystem/Application140Client-SideProcessingvs.Server-SideProcessing141Attacks145ProactiveDetection153IncidentResponse153Countermeasures153DeceptiveTechnology154USBKeyDrops155Simulation155SecurityDataAnalytics155ApplicationControl156AllowandBlockLists157SecurityAutomation157PhysicalSecurity158Summary159ExamEssentials160ReviewQuestions161Chapter5ComplianceandVendorRisk165SharedResponsibilityinCloudComputing168CloudService/InfrastructureModels169CloudComputingProvidersandHostingOptions169BenefitsofCloudComputing171SecurityofOn-Demand/ElasticCloudComputing174GeographicLocation175Infrastructure175Compute175Storage175Networking176ManagingandMitigatingRisk182SecurityConcernsofIntegratingDiverseIndustries185Regulations,Accreditations,andStandards187PCIDSS187GDPR190ISO192CMMI193

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xviiiContentsNIST194COPPA195CSA-STAR196HIPAA,SOX,andGLBA197ContractandAgreementTypes198Third-PartyAttestationofCompliance202LegalConsiderations203Summary204ExamEssentials205ReviewQuestions206Chapter6CryptographyandPKI21TheHistoryofCryptography216CryptographicGoalsandRequirements217SupportingSecurityRequirements218ComplianceandPolicyRequirements219PrivacyandConfidentialityRequirements219IntegrityRequirements220Nonrepudiation220RiskswithData221DataatRest221DatainTransit222DatainProcess/DatainUse222Hashing223MessageDigest225SecureHashAlgorithm225MessageAuthenticationCode226HashedMessageAuthenticationCode226RACEIntegrityPrimitivesEvaluationMessageDigest226Poly1305226SymmetricAlgorithms227DataEncryptionStandard230TripleDES231RijndaelandtheAdvancedEncryptionStandard231ChaCha232Salsa20232InternationalDataEncryptionAlgorithm232RivestCipherAlgorithms233CounterMode233AsymmetricEncryption233Diffie-Hellman235RSA236EllipticCurveCryptography237

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ContentsxixElGamal238HybridEncryptionandElectronicDataExchange(EDI)238PublicKeyInfrastructureHierarchy239CertificateAuthority240RegistrationAuthority241DigitalCertificates241CertificateRevocationList243CertificateTypes243CertificateDistribution244TheClient’sRoleinPKI245ImplementationofCryptographicSolutions247ApplicationLayerEncryption248TransportLayerEncryption249InternetLayerControls250AdditionalAuthenticationProtocols251Cryptocurrency252DigitalSignatures252RecognizingCryptographicAttacks254TroubleshootingCryptographicImplementations256Summary259ExamEssentials259ReviewQuestions261Chapter7IncidentResponseandForensics265TheIncidentResponseFramework268EventClassifications268TriageEvents269Pre-EscalationTasks270TheIncidentResponseProcess270ResponsePlaybooksandProcesses273CommunicationPlanandStakeholderManagement274ForensicConcepts277Principles,Standards,andPractices278TheForensicProcess279ForensicAnalysisTools283FileCarvingTools284BinaryAnalysisTools284AnalysisTools286ImagingTools288HashingUtilities289LiveCollectionvs.PostmortemTools290Summary294ExamEssentials294ReviewQuestions295

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xxContentsChapter8SecurityArchitecture301SecurityRequirementsandObjectivesforaSecureNetworkArchitecture310Services310Segmentation334Deperimeterization/ZeroTrust344MergingNetworksfromVariousOrganizations352Software-DefinedNetworking357OrganizationalRequirementsforInfrastructureSecurityDesign358Scalability358Resiliency359Automation359Containerization360Virtualization361ContentDeliveryNetwork361IntegratingApplicationsSecurelyintoanEnterpriseArchitecture362BaselineandTemplates362SoftwareAssurance367ConsiderationsofIntegratingEnterpriseApplications370IntegratingSecurityintotheDevelopmentLifeCycle373DataSecurityTechniquesforSecuringEnterpriseArchitecture~~384DataLossPrevention384DataLossDetection387DataClassification,Labeling,andTagging388Obfuscation390Anonymization390Encryptedvs.Unencrypted390DataLifeCycle391DataInventoryandMapping391DataIntegrityManagement391DataStorage,Backup,andRecovery392SecurityRequirementsandObjectivesforAuthenticationandAuthorizationControls394CredentialManagement394PasswordPolicies396Federation398AccessControl399Protocols401MultifactorAuthentication403One-TimePasswords404HardwareRootofTrust404SingleSign-On405

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ContentsxxiJavaScriptObjectNotationWebToken405AttestationandIdentityProofing406Summary406ExamEssentials407ReviewQuestions410Chapter9SecureCloudandVirtualization415ImplementSecureCloudandVirtualizationSolutions418VirtualizationStrategies419DeploymentModelsandConsiderations425ServiceModels429CloudProviderLimitations433ExtendingAppropriateOn-PremisesControls433StorageModels439HowCloudTechnologyAdoptionImpactsOrganizationSecurity443AutomationandOrchestration445EncryptionConfiguration445Logs446MonitoringConfigurations447KeyOwnershipandLocation448KeyLife-CycleManagement448BackupandRecoveryMethods449Infrastructurevs.ServerlessComputing450Software-DefinedNetworking450Misconfigurations451CollaborationTools451BitSplitting461DataDispersion461Summary461ExamEssentials462ReviewQuestions463Chapter10MobilityandEmergingTechnologies467EmergingTechnologiesandTheirImpactonEnterpriseSecurityandPrivacy471ArtificialIntelligence472MachineLearning472DeepLearning472QuantumComputing473Blockchain473HomomorphicEncryption474DistributedConsensus475BigData475

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xxiiContentsVirtual/AugmentedReality4753DPrinting476PasswordlessAuthentication476NanoTechnology477BiometricImpersonation477SecureEnterpriseMobilityConfigurations478ManagedConfigurations479DeploymentScenarios486MobileDeviceSecurityConsiderations487SecurityConsiderationsforTechnologies,Protocols,andSectors495EmbeddedTechnologies495ICS/SupervisoryControlandDataAcquisition496Protocols498Sectors499Summary500ExamEssentials500ReviewQuestions501AppendixAnswerstoReviewQuestions505Chapter1:RiskManagement506Chapter2:ConfigureandImplementEndpointSecurityControls507Chapter3:SecurityOperationsScenarios509Chapter4:SecurityOps:VulnerabilityAssessmentsandOperationalRisk511Chapter5:ComplianceandVendorRisk513Chapter6:CryptographyandPKI514Chapter7:IncidentResponseandForensics516Chapter8:SecurityArchitecture519Chapter9:SecureCloudandVirtualization522Chapter10:MobilityandEmergingTechnologies524Index529

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TableofExercisesExercise1.1CalculatingAnnualizedLossExpectancy............................12Exercise1.2ReviewingtheEmployeeTerminationProcess.......................21Exercise2.1RunningaSecurityScannertoIdentifyVulnerabilities................50Exercise2.2BypassingCommandShellRestrictions............................51Exercise3.1UsingWinDumptoSniffTraffic...................................79Exercise3.2ReviewingandAssessingACLs.......................c000nu......84Exercise4.1TrackingVulnerabilitiesinSoftware...............................103Exercise4.2PerformingPassiveReconnaissanceonYourCompany,School,orAnotherOrganization.................cooeveuniaeeeaa....114Exercise5.1WhatServicesShouldBeMovedtotheCloud?.....................171Exercise5.2IdentifyingRisksandIssueswithCloudComputing.................180Exercise5.3ReviewingDocuments..................coiiiiiiiiiieaao.....200Exercise8.1Configuringiptables..................coiiiiiaeeiiiiinna.....317Exercise8.2UsingPingdomFullPageTest.........................ccoooo......323Exercise8.3TestingYourAntivirusProgram..................................333Exercise8.4ReviewingandAssessingACLs..................................343Exercise9.1CreatingaVirtualMachine......................................420Exercise9.2IdentifyingWhatServicesShouldBeMovedtotheCloud............428Exercise9.3IdentifyingRisksandIssueswithCloudComputing.................436Exercise9.4UnderstandingOnlineStorage....................coooeennn.....441Exercise9.5TurningtotheCloudforStorageandLargeFileTransfer.............444Exercise9.6EavesdroppingonWebConferences..............................452Exercise9.7SniffingEmailwithWireshark...................................457Exercise9.8SniffingVoIPwithCain&Abel...................................459

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IntroductionTheCASP+certificationwasdevelopedbytheComputerTechnologyIndustryAssociation(CompTIA)toprovideanindustry-widemeansofcertifyingthecompetencyofsecuritypro-fessionalswhohaveaminimumof10years’generalhands-onITexperiencewithatleast5years”hands-onITsecurityexperience.Thesecurityprofessional’sjobistoprotecttheconfi-dentiality,integrity,andavailabilityofanorganization’svaluableinformationassets.Assuch,theseindividualsneedtohavetheabilitytoapplycriticalthinkingandjudgment.oeAccordingtoCompTIA,theCASP+certificationisavendor-neutralcre-<<dential.CASP+validatesadvanced-levelsecurityskillsandknowledgeinternationally.Thereisnoprerequisite,butCASP+certificationisintendedtofollowCompTIANetwork+,Security+,CySA+,Cloud+,andPenTest+orequivalentcertifications/experienceandhasatechnical,“hands-on”focusattheenterpriselevel.Manycertificationbookspresentmaterialforyoutomemorizebeforetheexam,butthisbookgoesastepfurtherinthatitoffersbestpractices,tips,andhands-onexercisesthathelpthoseinthefieldofsecuritybetterprotectcriticalassets,builddefenseindepth,andaccu-ratelyassessrisk.Ifyou'repreparingtotaketheCASP+exam,itisagoodideatofindoutasmuchinformationaspossibleaboutcomputersecuritypracticesandtechniques.Becausethistestisdesignedforthosewithyearsofexperience,youwillbebetterpreparedbyhavingthemosthands-onexperiencepossible;thisstudyguidewaswrittenwiththisinmind.Wehaveincludedhands-onexercises,real-worldscenarios,andreviewquestionsattheendofeachchaptertogiveyousomeideaastowhattheexamislike.Youshouldbeabletoansweratleast90percentofthetestquestionsinthisbookcorrectlybeforeattemptingtheexam;ifyou'reunabletodoso,rereadtheproblematicchaptersandtrythequestionsagain.Yourscoreshouldimprove.BeforeYouBegintheCompTIACASP+CertificationExamBeforeyoubeginstudyingfortheexam,it’sgoodforyoutoknowthattheCASP+certificationisofferedbyCompTIA(anindustryassociationresponsibleformanycertifica-tions)andisgrantedtothosewhoobtainapassingscoreonasingleexam.Beforeyoubeginstudyingfortheexam,learnallyoucanaboutthecertification.

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xviIntroductionAlistoftheCASP+CAS-004examobjectivesispresentedinthisintro-TEduction.Seethesection“TheCASP+ExamObjectiveMap.”ObtainingCASP+certificationdemonstratesthatyoucanhelpyourorganizationdesignandmaintainsystemandnetworksecurityservicestosecuretheorganizationsassets.ByobtainingCASP+certification,youshowthatyouhavethetechnicalknowledgeandskillsrequiredtoconceptualize,design,andengineersecuresolutionsacrosscomplexenterpriseenvironments.WhoShouldReadThisBookTheCompTIACASP+StudyGuide:ExamCAS-004,FourthEdition,isdesignedtogiveyouinsightintotheworkingworldofITsecurity,anditdescribesthetypesoftasksandactiv-itiesthatasecurityprofessionalwith5-10yearsofexperiencecarriesout.Organizedclassesandstudygroupsaretheidealstructuresforobtainingandpracticingwiththerecommendedequipment.Collegeclasses,trainingclasses,andbootcampsarerecommendedTEwaystogainproficiencywiththetoolsandtechniquesdiscussedinthebook.However,nothingdelivershands-onlearninglikeexperiencingyourownattempts,successes,andmistakes—onahomelab.Moreonhomelabslater.WhatYouWillLearnThisCompTIACASP+StudyGuidecoversallyouneedtoknowtopasstheCASP+exam.Theexamisbasedonexamobjectives,andthisstudyguideisbasedonthecurrentiterationoftheCASP+exam,versionCAS-004.PertheCASP+CompTIAobjectivesforexamversionCAS-004,thefourdomainsincludethefollowing:=Domain1.0SecurityArchitecture=Domain2.0SecurityOperations=Domain3.0SecurityEngineeringandCryptography=Domain4.0Governance,Risk,andComplianceEachofthesefourdomainsfurtherdivideintoobjectives.Forexample,thefourthdomain,“Governance,Risk,andCompliance,”iscoveredacrossthreeobjectives:Study

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Introductionvii4.1Givenasetofrequirements,applytheappropriateriskstrategies.4.2Explaintheimportanceofmanagingandmitigatingvendorrisk.4.3Explaincomplianceframeworksandlegalconsiderations,andtheirorganiza-tionalimpact.4.4Explaintheimportanceofbusinesscontinuityanddisasterrecoveryconcepts.Theseobjectivesreadlikeajobtask,buttheyaremoreakintoanamedsubsetofknowledge.Manysubobjectivesandtopicsarefoundundereachobjective.Thesearelistedhierarchically,rangingfrom20to50topicsperobjective.Yes,that’salotoftopicswhenyouadditallup.Inshort,thereisalotofmaterialtocover.Next,weaddresshowthebooktacklesitall.HowThisBookIsOrganizedRememberhowwejustexplainedtheCASP+examisbasedondomainsandobjectives?Yourgoalforexampreparationisessentiallytocoverallofthosesubobjectivesandtopics.Thatwasourgoal,too,inwritingthisstudyguide,sothat’showwestructuredthisbook—aroundthesameexamobjectives,specificallycallingouteverysubobjectiveandtopic.Ifatopicorphrasefromtheexamobjectiveslistisn’tspecificallycalledout,thecon-ceptsandunderstandingbehindthattopicorphrasearediscussedthoroughlyintherelevantchapters.Nonetheless,CompTIAdidn’tstructuretheexamobjectivestomakeforgoodreadingoraneasyflow.Itwouldbesimpletotellyouthateachchaptercorrelatesexactlytotwoorthreeobjectives.Instead,thebookislaidouttocreateabalancebetweenarelevantflowofinformationforlearningandrelatablecoverageoftheexamobjectives.Thisbookstructurethenservestobemosthelpfulforidentifyingandfillinganyknowledgegapsthatyoumighthaveinacertainareaand,inturn,bestprepareyoufortheexam.ExtraBitsBeyondwhattheexamrequires,thereisofcoursesome“addedvalue”intheformoftips,notes,stories,andURLswhereyoucangoforadditionalinformationonline.Thisistyp-icalfortheSybexstudyguideformat.Theextrabitsareobviouslysetapartfromthestudyguidetext,andtheycanbeenjoyedasyouwish.Inmostcases,URLswillpointtoarecentnewseventrelatedtothetopicathand,alinktothecitedregulation,orthesitewhereatoolcanbedownloaded.Ifaparticularconceptinterestsyou,youareencouragedtofollowupwiththatarticleorURL.WhatyouwilllearninthisstudyguideisexactlywhatyouneedtoknowtopreparefortheCASP+certificationexam.Whatyouwilllearnfromthosetips,notes,andURLsisadditionalcontextinwhichthetopicathandmaybebetterunderstood.Next,wediscusswhatyoushouldalreadyhaveinordertobesuccessfulwhenlearningfromthisbook.Study

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viiiIntroductionRequirements:PracticeandExperienceTobemostsuccessfulinreadingandlearningfromthisbook,youwillneedtobringsomethingtothetableyourself,thatis,yourexperience.ExperienceYou'repreparingtotakeoneofCompTIA’smostadvancedcertificationexams.CompTIA’swebsiteassociatestheCASP+examwiththeSANSInstituteGIACCertifiedEnterpriseDefender(GCED)exam,asonlythesetwoexamsfocuson“cybersecuritypractitionerskills”atanadvancedlevel.Incomparison,theCertifiedInformationSystemsSecurityProfessional(CISSP)andCertifiedInformationSecurityManager(CISM)examsfocusoncybersecuritymanagementskills.TheCASP+examcoversaverywiderangeofinformationsecuritytopics.Understand-ably,therangeisaswideastherangeofinformationsecurityjobdisciplines.Aseachofusgrowsfromajuniorleveltothehigher-level,technicalleadroles,thetimewespendworkinginonespecialtyareaovershadowsourexposuretootherspecialties.Forexample,threeseniorsecuritypractitionersworkingasanActiveDirectoryengineer,amalwarereverseengineer,andanetworkadministratormightbehighlyskilledintheirrespectivejobsyethaveonlyasimpleunderstandingofeachother’sroles.Theexamtopicsincludespecifictechniquesandtechnologiesthatwouldbefamiliartopeoplewhohaveheldleadrolesinthecorrespondingareaofinformationsecurity.Someonewithexperienceinoneormoretechnicalareashasagreatadvantage,andthatexperiencewillbenefitthecandidatestudyingfromthisbookandtakingtheCASP+exam.Last,CompTIA’srecommendedlevelofexperienceisaminimumof10yearsofgen-eralhands-onITexperience,includingatleastfiveyearsofhands-ontechnicalsecurityexperience.Ifyouhavethefiveyears,itisverylikelythatyouhavehadatleastminimalexposuretoorunderstandingofmosttopicscovered,enoughforyoutobenefitfromreadingthisbook.PracticeGiventhatthecertification’stitleincludesthewordpractitioner,youareexpectedtohave,orbecapableofbuilding,ahomelabforyourself.Thisdoesnotmeanthatyouneeda42Urackfullofserversandnetworkhardwareinthebasement(thoughitmightbringupalotofexcitementathome).Ahomelabcanbeassimpleashavingoneortwovirtualizedmachines(VMs)runningonyourlaptopordesktopwithadequateCPUandRAM.ThiscanbedoneusingVirtualBoxorVMwareWorkstationPlayer,bothofwhicharefree.TherearemanyprebuiltVMsavailableonline,designedspecificallyforsecuritypractice.Ahomelabcanbestartedatlittletonocostandberunningwithin15minutes.Noexcuses.Dedicatingsomeroutinetimeonahomelabwilladvanceyourskillsandexperienceaswellasdemonstrateyourpassionforthesubject.Currentandfuturemanagerswillloveit!Seriously,though,whenyoumaketimetobuild,tweak,break,andrebuildsystemsinyourhomelab,notonlydoyoureadilyadvanceyourskillsandlearnnewtechnologies,butyoudosowithouttheconsequencesofbringingdownproduction.

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