CompTIA A+ Complete Deluxe Study Guide with Online Labs: Core 1 Exam 220-1101 and Core 2 Exam 220-1102 (2022)
CompTIA A+ Complete Deluxe Study Guide with Online Labs: Core 1 Exam 220-1101 and Core 2 Exam 220-1102 (2022) helps you pass with expert-reviewed materials and study tips.
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CompTIA® A+®
Complete Deluxe Study Guide
Core 1 Exam 220-1101 and
Core 2 Exam 220-1102
Fifth Edition
Quentin Docter
Jon Buhagiar
Complete Deluxe Study Guide
Core 1 Exam 220-1101 and
Core 2 Exam 220-1102
Fifth Edition
Quentin Docter
Jon Buhagiar
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Copyright © 2022 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey.
Published simultaneously in Canada.
ISBN: 9781119863212
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by
any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under
Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the
Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center,
Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 750-4470, or on the web at www
.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department,
John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, or online at
www.wiley.com/go/permission.
Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: The publisher and the author make no representations or warranties
with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this work and specifically disclaim all warranties,
including without limitation warranties of fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended
by sales or promotional materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for every situation.
This work is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering legal, accounting, or other
professional services. If professional assistance is required, the services of a competent professional person should
be sought. Neither the publisher nor the author shall be liable for damages arising herefrom. The fact that an
organization or Website is referred to in this work as a citation and/or a potential source of further information does
not mean that the author or the publisher endorses the information the organization or Website may provide or
recommendations it may make. Further, readers should be aware the Internet Websites listed in this work may have
changed or disappeared between when this work was written and when it is read.
For general information on our other products and services or for technical support, please contact our Customer
Care Department within the United States at (800) 762-2974, outside the United States at (317) 572-3993 or fax
(317) 572-4002.
Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be
available in electronic formats. For more information about Wiley products, visit our web site at www.wiley.com.
Library of Congress Control Number: 2022931857
TRADEMARKS: WILEY, the Wiley logo, Sybex, and the Sybex logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of
John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and/or its affiliates, in the United States and other countries, and may not be used without
written permission. CompTIA and A+ are registered trademarks of CompTIA, Inc. All other trademarks are the
property of their respective owners. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned
in this book.
Cover image: © Getty Images Inc./Jeremy Woodhouse
Cover design: Wiley
Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey.
Published simultaneously in Canada.
ISBN: 9781119863212
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by
any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under
Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the
Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center,
Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 750-4470, or on the web at www
.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department,
John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, or online at
www.wiley.com/go/permission.
Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: The publisher and the author make no representations or warranties
with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this work and specifically disclaim all warranties,
including without limitation warranties of fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended
by sales or promotional materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for every situation.
This work is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering legal, accounting, or other
professional services. If professional assistance is required, the services of a competent professional person should
be sought. Neither the publisher nor the author shall be liable for damages arising herefrom. The fact that an
organization or Website is referred to in this work as a citation and/or a potential source of further information does
not mean that the author or the publisher endorses the information the organization or Website may provide or
recommendations it may make. Further, readers should be aware the Internet Websites listed in this work may have
changed or disappeared between when this work was written and when it is read.
For general information on our other products and services or for technical support, please contact our Customer
Care Department within the United States at (800) 762-2974, outside the United States at (317) 572-3993 or fax
(317) 572-4002.
Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be
available in electronic formats. For more information about Wiley products, visit our web site at www.wiley.com.
Library of Congress Control Number: 2022931857
TRADEMARKS: WILEY, the Wiley logo, Sybex, and the Sybex logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of
John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and/or its affiliates, in the United States and other countries, and may not be used without
written permission. CompTIA and A+ are registered trademarks of CompTIA, Inc. All other trademarks are the
property of their respective owners. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned
in this book.
Cover image: © Getty Images Inc./Jeremy Woodhouse
Cover design: Wiley
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For my girls.
—Quentin Docter
For my wife and son.
— Jon Buhagiar
—Quentin Docter
For my wife and son.
— Jon Buhagiar
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Acknowledgments
As we were putting together this book, I was reminded of the proverb that begins “It takes
a village....” That beginning definitely holds true for creating a book of this scope and size.
From beginning to end, scores of dedicated professionals have focused on delivering the best
book possible to you, the readers.
First, I need to thank my coauthor, Jon Buhagiar. I appreciate him diving in and dedi-
cating himself to helping to produce an excellent book. I also need to give special thanks to
our technical editor, Chris Crayton. He was meticulous and thorough, and challenged me to
always find new and better ways to communicate complex concepts. His entire focus was on
providing the best training material possible, and I doubt there’s better in the business. Now,
on to the rest of the team.
Kenyon Brown and Kim Wimpsett kept us on track and moving forward, which was a
challenge at times. Saravanan Dakshinamurthy had the fun job of keeping us organized,
which is akin to herding cats. Copyeditor Elizabeth Welch reminded me yet again that I
am no master of the English language and saved me from butchering it (too badly). Many
thanks also go out to our proofreader, Arielle Guy, and our indexer, Tom Dinse. Without
their great contributions, this book would not have made it into your hands.
On a personal note, I need to thank my family. My girls are all incredibly supportive.
Unfortunately, book writing as a side hustle while holding down a full-time job takes up a
lot of time. I end up hiding in my office a lot, but they’re always there for me, and I couldn’t
do it without them. Another huge thanks goes to my late grandpa, Joe, who got me into
computers and taught me so many lessons I will never be able to repay. Finally, thanks to my
friends who keep me relatively sane—Sean, Kurtis, Tim, John, Cory, and others—and laugh
at me when I tell them I spent my weekend writing about the laser printer imaging process.
—Quentin Docter
I would like to first thank my coauthor, Quentin Docter. Throughout the writing of this
book, he helped me with his insight and his expertise in writing technical books. Without his
words of wisdom and guidance, this book would not be the product it stands to be. I would
also like to give special thanks to our technical editor, Chris Crayton. His thorough review of
the material helped to identify many areas for us to elaborate on and polish.
I would also like to thank the many people who made this book possible: Kenyon Brown
at Wiley Publishing, for giving me the opportunity to write this book and work with this
wonderful team; Kim Wimpsett, for keeping us on track during the writing process; Chris-
tine O’Connor, who also kept us on track and organized during the publishing process; and
our copyeditor, Liz Welch, for helping me use proper English. I’d also like to thank the many
other people I’ve never met but who worked behind the scenes to make this book a success.
During the writing of this book, many others in my life supported me, and I’d like to take
this opportunity to thank them as well. First and foremost, thanks to my wife and son for
their support during the many evenings and weekends spent in my office at the computer.
Finally, thanks to my friend and coworker, Bill, for encouraging me daily with his insight and
jokes, as well as to all my other coworkers and friends. Thank you.
—Jon Buhagiar
As we were putting together this book, I was reminded of the proverb that begins “It takes
a village....” That beginning definitely holds true for creating a book of this scope and size.
From beginning to end, scores of dedicated professionals have focused on delivering the best
book possible to you, the readers.
First, I need to thank my coauthor, Jon Buhagiar. I appreciate him diving in and dedi-
cating himself to helping to produce an excellent book. I also need to give special thanks to
our technical editor, Chris Crayton. He was meticulous and thorough, and challenged me to
always find new and better ways to communicate complex concepts. His entire focus was on
providing the best training material possible, and I doubt there’s better in the business. Now,
on to the rest of the team.
Kenyon Brown and Kim Wimpsett kept us on track and moving forward, which was a
challenge at times. Saravanan Dakshinamurthy had the fun job of keeping us organized,
which is akin to herding cats. Copyeditor Elizabeth Welch reminded me yet again that I
am no master of the English language and saved me from butchering it (too badly). Many
thanks also go out to our proofreader, Arielle Guy, and our indexer, Tom Dinse. Without
their great contributions, this book would not have made it into your hands.
On a personal note, I need to thank my family. My girls are all incredibly supportive.
Unfortunately, book writing as a side hustle while holding down a full-time job takes up a
lot of time. I end up hiding in my office a lot, but they’re always there for me, and I couldn’t
do it without them. Another huge thanks goes to my late grandpa, Joe, who got me into
computers and taught me so many lessons I will never be able to repay. Finally, thanks to my
friends who keep me relatively sane—Sean, Kurtis, Tim, John, Cory, and others—and laugh
at me when I tell them I spent my weekend writing about the laser printer imaging process.
—Quentin Docter
I would like to first thank my coauthor, Quentin Docter. Throughout the writing of this
book, he helped me with his insight and his expertise in writing technical books. Without his
words of wisdom and guidance, this book would not be the product it stands to be. I would
also like to give special thanks to our technical editor, Chris Crayton. His thorough review of
the material helped to identify many areas for us to elaborate on and polish.
I would also like to thank the many people who made this book possible: Kenyon Brown
at Wiley Publishing, for giving me the opportunity to write this book and work with this
wonderful team; Kim Wimpsett, for keeping us on track during the writing process; Chris-
tine O’Connor, who also kept us on track and organized during the publishing process; and
our copyeditor, Liz Welch, for helping me use proper English. I’d also like to thank the many
other people I’ve never met but who worked behind the scenes to make this book a success.
During the writing of this book, many others in my life supported me, and I’d like to take
this opportunity to thank them as well. First and foremost, thanks to my wife and son for
their support during the many evenings and weekends spent in my office at the computer.
Finally, thanks to my friend and coworker, Bill, for encouraging me daily with his insight and
jokes, as well as to all my other coworkers and friends. Thank you.
—Jon Buhagiar
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About the Authors
Quentin Docter (A+, Network+, IT Fundamentals+, Cloud Essentials +, MCSE, CCNA,
SCSA) is an IT consultant who started in the industry in 1994. Since then, he’s worked as a
tech and network support specialist, trainer, consultant, and webmaster. He has written more
than a dozen books for Sybex, including books on A+, IT Fundamentals+, Cloud Essentials+,
Server+, Windows, and Solaris 9 certifications, as well as PC hardware and maintenance.
Jon Buhagiar (Network+, A+, CCNA, MCSA, MCSE, BS/ITM) is an information technology
professional with two decades of experience in higher education. During the past 22 years
he has been responsible for network operations at Pittsburgh Technical College and has led
several projects, such as virtualization (server and desktop), VoIP, Microsoft 365, and many
other projects supporting the quality of education at the college. He has achieved several cer-
tifications from Cisco, CompTIA, and Microsoft, and has taught many of the certification
paths. He is the author of several books, including Sybex’s CompTIA Network+ Review
Guide: Exam N10-008 (2021) and CCNA Certification Practice Tests: Exam
200-301 (2020).
About the Technical Editor
Chris Crayton is a technical consultant, trainer, author, and industry leading technical editor.
He has worked as a computer technology and networking instructor, information security
director, network administrator, network engineer, and PC specialist. Chris has authored
several print and online books on PC repair, CompTIA A+, CompTIA Security+, and
Microsoft Windows. He has also served as technical editor and content contributor
on numerous technical titles for several of the leading publishing companies. He holds
numerous industry certifications, has been recognized with many professional and teaching
awards, and has served as a state-level SkillsUSA final competition judge.
Quentin Docter (A+, Network+, IT Fundamentals+, Cloud Essentials +, MCSE, CCNA,
SCSA) is an IT consultant who started in the industry in 1994. Since then, he’s worked as a
tech and network support specialist, trainer, consultant, and webmaster. He has written more
than a dozen books for Sybex, including books on A+, IT Fundamentals+, Cloud Essentials+,
Server+, Windows, and Solaris 9 certifications, as well as PC hardware and maintenance.
Jon Buhagiar (Network+, A+, CCNA, MCSA, MCSE, BS/ITM) is an information technology
professional with two decades of experience in higher education. During the past 22 years
he has been responsible for network operations at Pittsburgh Technical College and has led
several projects, such as virtualization (server and desktop), VoIP, Microsoft 365, and many
other projects supporting the quality of education at the college. He has achieved several cer-
tifications from Cisco, CompTIA, and Microsoft, and has taught many of the certification
paths. He is the author of several books, including Sybex’s CompTIA Network+ Review
Guide: Exam N10-008 (2021) and CCNA Certification Practice Tests: Exam
200-301 (2020).
About the Technical Editor
Chris Crayton is a technical consultant, trainer, author, and industry leading technical editor.
He has worked as a computer technology and networking instructor, information security
director, network administrator, network engineer, and PC specialist. Chris has authored
several print and online books on PC repair, CompTIA A+, CompTIA Security+, and
Microsoft Windows. He has also served as technical editor and content contributor
on numerous technical titles for several of the leading publishing companies. He holds
numerous industry certifications, has been recognized with many professional and teaching
awards, and has served as a state-level SkillsUSA final competition judge.
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Contents at a Glance
Introduction xxvii
Assessment Test lxxxii
Part I 220-1101 1
Chapter 1 Motherboards, Processors, and Memory 3
Chapter 2 Expansion Cards, Storage Devices, and
Power Supplies 79
Chapter 3 Peripherals, Cables, and Connectors 139
Chapter 4 Printers and Multifunction Devices 191
Chapter 5 Networking Fundamentals 269
Chapter 6 Introduction to TCP/IP 333
Chapter 7 Wireless and SOHO Networks 379
Chapter 8 Network Services, Virtualization, and Cloud Computing 457
Chapter 9 Laptop and Mobile Device Hardware 523
Chapter 10 Mobile Connectivity and Application Support 591
Chapter 11 Troubleshooting Methodology and
Resolving Core Hardware Problems 675
Chapter 12 Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 717
Part II 220-1102 815
Chapter 13 Operating System Basics 817
Chapter 14 Windows Configuration 879
Chapter 15 Windows Administration 977
Chapter 16 Working with macOS and Linux 1057
Chapter 17 Security Concepts 1115
Chapter 18 Securing Operating Systems 1195
Chapter 19 Troubleshooting Operating Systems and Security 1271
Chapter 20 Scripting and Remote Access 1347
Introduction xxvii
Assessment Test lxxxii
Part I 220-1101 1
Chapter 1 Motherboards, Processors, and Memory 3
Chapter 2 Expansion Cards, Storage Devices, and
Power Supplies 79
Chapter 3 Peripherals, Cables, and Connectors 139
Chapter 4 Printers and Multifunction Devices 191
Chapter 5 Networking Fundamentals 269
Chapter 6 Introduction to TCP/IP 333
Chapter 7 Wireless and SOHO Networks 379
Chapter 8 Network Services, Virtualization, and Cloud Computing 457
Chapter 9 Laptop and Mobile Device Hardware 523
Chapter 10 Mobile Connectivity and Application Support 591
Chapter 11 Troubleshooting Methodology and
Resolving Core Hardware Problems 675
Chapter 12 Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 717
Part II 220-1102 815
Chapter 13 Operating System Basics 817
Chapter 14 Windows Configuration 879
Chapter 15 Windows Administration 977
Chapter 16 Working with macOS and Linux 1057
Chapter 17 Security Concepts 1115
Chapter 18 Securing Operating Systems 1195
Chapter 19 Troubleshooting Operating Systems and Security 1271
Chapter 20 Scripting and Remote Access 1347
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x Contents at a Glance
Chapter 21 Safety and Environmental Concerns 1393
Chapter 22 Documentation and Professionalism 1453
Appendix A Answers to the Review Questions 1515
Appendix B Answers to Performance-Based Questions 1561
Index 1581
Chapter 21 Safety and Environmental Concerns 1393
Chapter 22 Documentation and Professionalism 1453
Appendix A Answers to the Review Questions 1515
Appendix B Answers to Performance-Based Questions 1561
Index 1581
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Contents
Introduction xxvii
Assessment Test lxxxii
Part I 220-1101 1
Chapter 1 Motherboards, Processors, and Memory 3
Understanding Motherboards 7
Motherboard Form Factors 7
System Board Components 10
Understanding Processors 42
CPU Architecture 43
CPU Characteristics 45
Understanding Memory 49
Important Memory Terms 50
Types of Memory 54
Memory Packaging 59
Understanding Cooling Systems 63
Fans 63
Memory Cooling 66
Hard Drive Cooling 67
Chipset Cooling 67
CPU Cooling 67
Summary 71
Exam Essentials 71
Review Questions 73
Performance-Based Question 1 77
Performance-Based Question 2 78
Chapter 2 Expansion Cards, Storage Devices,
and Power Supplies 79
Installing and Configuring Expansion Cards 81
Video 82
Multimedia 83
Network Interface Card 85
Input/Output 87
Adapter Configuration 88
Understanding Storage Devices 89
Hard Disk Drive Systems 90
Solid-State Drives 96
Introduction xxvii
Assessment Test lxxxii
Part I 220-1101 1
Chapter 1 Motherboards, Processors, and Memory 3
Understanding Motherboards 7
Motherboard Form Factors 7
System Board Components 10
Understanding Processors 42
CPU Architecture 43
CPU Characteristics 45
Understanding Memory 49
Important Memory Terms 50
Types of Memory 54
Memory Packaging 59
Understanding Cooling Systems 63
Fans 63
Memory Cooling 66
Hard Drive Cooling 67
Chipset Cooling 67
CPU Cooling 67
Summary 71
Exam Essentials 71
Review Questions 73
Performance-Based Question 1 77
Performance-Based Question 2 78
Chapter 2 Expansion Cards, Storage Devices,
and Power Supplies 79
Installing and Configuring Expansion Cards 81
Video 82
Multimedia 83
Network Interface Card 85
Input/Output 87
Adapter Configuration 88
Understanding Storage Devices 89
Hard Disk Drive Systems 90
Solid-State Drives 96
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xii Contents
RAID 104
Removable Storage and Media 107
Installing, Removing, and Configuring Storage Devices 114
Understanding Power Supplies 118
Power Supply Input 119
Power Supply Output and Ratings 120
Power Connectors 121
Modular Power Supplies 125
Redundant Power Supplies 126
Replacing Power Supplies 129
AC Adapters as Power Supplies 130
Summary 131
Exam Essentials 131
Review Questions 133
Performance-Based Question 137
Chapter 3 Peripherals, Cables, and Connectors 139
Understanding Cables and Connectors 140
Video Devices 141
Audio Devices 154
Input and Output Devices 156
Storage Devices 159
Understanding Cables and Connectors 160
Peripheral Cables and Connectors 160
Serial Ports 169
Video Cables and Connectors 170
Hard Drive Cables and Connectors 178
Summary 184
Exam Essentials 185
Review Questions 186
Performance-Based Question 190
Chapter 4 Printers and Multifunction Devices 191
Understanding Print Technologies and Imaging Processes 193
Impact Printers 194
Inkjet Printers 196
Laser Printers 205
Thermal Printers 217
3D Printers 218
Installing and Maintaining Printers 223
Printer Interface Components 224
Installing and Sharing Local Printers 229
Installing and Sharing Networked Printers 241
RAID 104
Removable Storage and Media 107
Installing, Removing, and Configuring Storage Devices 114
Understanding Power Supplies 118
Power Supply Input 119
Power Supply Output and Ratings 120
Power Connectors 121
Modular Power Supplies 125
Redundant Power Supplies 126
Replacing Power Supplies 129
AC Adapters as Power Supplies 130
Summary 131
Exam Essentials 131
Review Questions 133
Performance-Based Question 137
Chapter 3 Peripherals, Cables, and Connectors 139
Understanding Cables and Connectors 140
Video Devices 141
Audio Devices 154
Input and Output Devices 156
Storage Devices 159
Understanding Cables and Connectors 160
Peripheral Cables and Connectors 160
Serial Ports 169
Video Cables and Connectors 170
Hard Drive Cables and Connectors 178
Summary 184
Exam Essentials 185
Review Questions 186
Performance-Based Question 190
Chapter 4 Printers and Multifunction Devices 191
Understanding Print Technologies and Imaging Processes 193
Impact Printers 194
Inkjet Printers 196
Laser Printers 205
Thermal Printers 217
3D Printers 218
Installing and Maintaining Printers 223
Printer Interface Components 224
Installing and Sharing Local Printers 229
Installing and Sharing Networked Printers 241
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Contents xiii
Performing Printer Maintenance 251
Installing Printer Upgrades 257
Summary 262
Exam Essentials 262
Review Questions 264
Performance-Based Question 268
Chapter 5 Networking Fundamentals 269
Understanding Networking Principles 271
Network Types 272
Primary Network Components 279
Network Operating Systems 283
Network Resource Access 283
Network Topologies 286
Rules of Communication 290
Identifying Common Network Hardware 295
Network Interface Cards 295
Cables and Connectors 299
Networking Components 314
Summary 324
Exam Essentials 324
Review Questions 327
Performance-Based Question 331
Chapter 6 Introduction to TCP/IP 333
Understanding TCP/IP 335
TCP/IP Structure 336
Understanding IP Addressing 346
Understanding DHCP and DNS 356
IPv6 365
Understanding Virtual Networks 368
Virtual Local Area Networks 368
Virtual Private Networks 370
Summary 372
Exam Essentials 372
Review Questions 374
Performance-Based Question 378
Chapter 7 Wireless and SOHO Networks 379
Understanding Wireless Networking Technologies 381
802.11 Networking Standards 382
Bluetooth Networking 393
Long-Range Fixed Wireless 396
Radio Frequency Networking Standards 398
Performing Printer Maintenance 251
Installing Printer Upgrades 257
Summary 262
Exam Essentials 262
Review Questions 264
Performance-Based Question 268
Chapter 5 Networking Fundamentals 269
Understanding Networking Principles 271
Network Types 272
Primary Network Components 279
Network Operating Systems 283
Network Resource Access 283
Network Topologies 286
Rules of Communication 290
Identifying Common Network Hardware 295
Network Interface Cards 295
Cables and Connectors 299
Networking Components 314
Summary 324
Exam Essentials 324
Review Questions 327
Performance-Based Question 331
Chapter 6 Introduction to TCP/IP 333
Understanding TCP/IP 335
TCP/IP Structure 336
Understanding IP Addressing 346
Understanding DHCP and DNS 356
IPv6 365
Understanding Virtual Networks 368
Virtual Local Area Networks 368
Virtual Private Networks 370
Summary 372
Exam Essentials 372
Review Questions 374
Performance-Based Question 378
Chapter 7 Wireless and SOHO Networks 379
Understanding Wireless Networking Technologies 381
802.11 Networking Standards 382
Bluetooth Networking 393
Long-Range Fixed Wireless 396
Radio Frequency Networking Standards 398
Loading page 16...
xiv Contents
Installing and Configuring SOHO Networks 402
Keys to Planning a Network 402
Choosing an Internet Connection 404
Choosing Internal Network Connections 418
Installing the Network Infrastructure 422
Configuring Wireless Routers and Access Points 433
Summary 449
Exam Essentials 449
Review Questions 451
Performance-Based Question 455
Chapter 8 Network Services, Virtualization,
and Cloud Computing 457
Understanding Network Services 459
Server Roles 460
Internet Appliances 473
Legacy/Embedded Systems 480
Internet of Things Devices 482
Understanding Virtualization and Cloud Computing 487
Concepts of Cloud Computing 488
Concepts of Virtualization 499
Summary 515
Exam Essentials 516
Review Questions 518
Performance-Based Question 522
Chapter 9 Laptop and Mobile Device Hardware 523
Working with Laptop and Mobile Device Hardware 526
Understanding the Differences between Device Types 526
Disassembling and Reassembling Laptops 531
Installing and Configuring Laptop Hardware 535
Setting Up and Configuring Accessories and Ports 580
Summary 584
Exam Essentials 585
Review Questions 586
Performance-Based Question 590
Chapter 10 Mobile Connectivity and Application Support 591
Understanding Mobile Connectivity 593
Understanding Cellular Networking Standards 595
Using Cellular Data Connections 597
Establishing Wi-Fi Connectivity 608
Establishing Bluetooth Connectivity 622
Understanding Mobile App Support 635
Understanding Location Services 635
Understanding Mobile Device and App Management 641
Installing and Configuring SOHO Networks 402
Keys to Planning a Network 402
Choosing an Internet Connection 404
Choosing Internal Network Connections 418
Installing the Network Infrastructure 422
Configuring Wireless Routers and Access Points 433
Summary 449
Exam Essentials 449
Review Questions 451
Performance-Based Question 455
Chapter 8 Network Services, Virtualization,
and Cloud Computing 457
Understanding Network Services 459
Server Roles 460
Internet Appliances 473
Legacy/Embedded Systems 480
Internet of Things Devices 482
Understanding Virtualization and Cloud Computing 487
Concepts of Cloud Computing 488
Concepts of Virtualization 499
Summary 515
Exam Essentials 516
Review Questions 518
Performance-Based Question 522
Chapter 9 Laptop and Mobile Device Hardware 523
Working with Laptop and Mobile Device Hardware 526
Understanding the Differences between Device Types 526
Disassembling and Reassembling Laptops 531
Installing and Configuring Laptop Hardware 535
Setting Up and Configuring Accessories and Ports 580
Summary 584
Exam Essentials 585
Review Questions 586
Performance-Based Question 590
Chapter 10 Mobile Connectivity and Application Support 591
Understanding Mobile Connectivity 593
Understanding Cellular Networking Standards 595
Using Cellular Data Connections 597
Establishing Wi-Fi Connectivity 608
Establishing Bluetooth Connectivity 622
Understanding Mobile App Support 635
Understanding Location Services 635
Understanding Mobile Device and App Management 641
Loading page 17...
Contents xv
Configuring Mobile Device Synchronization 654
Syncing Android Devices 666
Summary 668
Exam Essentials 668
Review Questions 670
Performance-Based Question 674
Chapter 11 Troubleshooting Methodology and
Resolving Core Hardware Problems 675
Using the Troubleshooting Best Practice Methodology 678
Step 1: Identify the Problem 678
Step 2: Establish a Theory 683
Step 3: Test the Theory 684
Step 4: Establish a Plan of Action 687
Step 5: Verify Functionality 688
Step 6: Document Findings 689
Troubleshooting Motherboards, CPUs, RAM, and
Power Problems 690
Identifying General Hardware Symptoms and Causes 691
Identifying BIOS/UEFI and POST Routine Problems 696
Identifying Motherboard and CPU Problems 700
Identifying Memory Issues 702
Identifying Power Supply Problems 705
Summary 708
Exam Essentials 709
Review Questions 711
Performance-Based Question 715
Chapter 12 Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 717
Troubleshooting Storage Drives and RAID Arrays 721
Lights and Sounds 722
Devices Not Found 723
Performance Issues 724
S.M.A.R.T. Diagnostics 725
RAID Issues 729
Optical Drive Issues 730
Troubleshooting Video, Projector, and Display Issues 731
Video Input Issues 731
Video Image Problems 732
Other Display Issues 735
Troubleshooting Common Mobile Device Issues 737
Power and Heat Issues 738
Input Problems 741
Connectivity Issues 743
Configuring Mobile Device Synchronization 654
Syncing Android Devices 666
Summary 668
Exam Essentials 668
Review Questions 670
Performance-Based Question 674
Chapter 11 Troubleshooting Methodology and
Resolving Core Hardware Problems 675
Using the Troubleshooting Best Practice Methodology 678
Step 1: Identify the Problem 678
Step 2: Establish a Theory 683
Step 3: Test the Theory 684
Step 4: Establish a Plan of Action 687
Step 5: Verify Functionality 688
Step 6: Document Findings 689
Troubleshooting Motherboards, CPUs, RAM, and
Power Problems 690
Identifying General Hardware Symptoms and Causes 691
Identifying BIOS/UEFI and POST Routine Problems 696
Identifying Motherboard and CPU Problems 700
Identifying Memory Issues 702
Identifying Power Supply Problems 705
Summary 708
Exam Essentials 709
Review Questions 711
Performance-Based Question 715
Chapter 12 Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 717
Troubleshooting Storage Drives and RAID Arrays 721
Lights and Sounds 722
Devices Not Found 723
Performance Issues 724
S.M.A.R.T. Diagnostics 725
RAID Issues 729
Optical Drive Issues 730
Troubleshooting Video, Projector, and Display Issues 731
Video Input Issues 731
Video Image Problems 732
Other Display Issues 735
Troubleshooting Common Mobile Device Issues 737
Power and Heat Issues 738
Input Problems 741
Connectivity Issues 743
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xvi Contents
Physical Damage and Malware 748
Troubleshooting Printer Problems 751
Impact Printer Problems 752
Inkjet Printer Problems 755
Laser Printer Problems 759
Managing Print Jobs 772
Troubleshooting Networking Problems 779
Using Network Troubleshooting Tools 779
Resolving Connectivity Issues 799
Summary 806
Exam Essentials 806
Review Questions 809
Performance-Based Question 813
Part II 220-1102 815
Chapter 13 Operating System Basics 817
Understanding Operating Systems 819
Operating System Terms and Concepts 821
Operating Systems 823
Minimum System Requirements 828
Understanding Applications 830
System Requirements for Applications 830
Application Installation 832
Security Considerations 835
Other Considerations for New Applications 835
Introduction to Windows 10 836
Windows Editions 836
Windows Features 840
The Windows Interface 851
What’s in a Window? 864
File Management 867
Preparing for the Exam 871
Summary 872
Exam Essentials 872
Review Questions 874
Performance-Based Question 878
Chapter 14 Windows Configuration 879
Interacting with Operating Systems 882
Task Manager 882
Microsoft Management Console 888
Additional Tools 899
Control Panel 905
Physical Damage and Malware 748
Troubleshooting Printer Problems 751
Impact Printer Problems 752
Inkjet Printer Problems 755
Laser Printer Problems 759
Managing Print Jobs 772
Troubleshooting Networking Problems 779
Using Network Troubleshooting Tools 779
Resolving Connectivity Issues 799
Summary 806
Exam Essentials 806
Review Questions 809
Performance-Based Question 813
Part II 220-1102 815
Chapter 13 Operating System Basics 817
Understanding Operating Systems 819
Operating System Terms and Concepts 821
Operating Systems 823
Minimum System Requirements 828
Understanding Applications 830
System Requirements for Applications 830
Application Installation 832
Security Considerations 835
Other Considerations for New Applications 835
Introduction to Windows 10 836
Windows Editions 836
Windows Features 840
The Windows Interface 851
What’s in a Window? 864
File Management 867
Preparing for the Exam 871
Summary 872
Exam Essentials 872
Review Questions 874
Performance-Based Question 878
Chapter 14 Windows Configuration 879
Interacting with Operating Systems 882
Task Manager 882
Microsoft Management Console 888
Additional Tools 899
Control Panel 905
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Contents xvii
Windows Settings 937
The Windows Registry 960
Disk Management 962
Getting Disks Ready to Store Files and Programs 963
Checking the Health of Hard Disks and Optimizing
Their Performance 969
Summary 970
Exam Essentials 970
Review Questions 972
Performance-Based Question 976
Chapter 15 Windows Administration 977
Installing and Upgrading Windows 980
Windows Installation Options 982
The Installation Process 984
The Upgrade Process 1002
Repair Installation 1006
Recovery Partition 1007
Side-by-Side Upgrading Windows 10/11 1007
Image Deployment 1008
Upgrading Editions of Windows 1008
Security and Feature Updates 1008
Installation/Upgrade Boot Options 1011
Considerations 1012
Command-Line Tools 1013
Networking in Windows 1030
Networking Models 1030
User Authentication 1034
Establishing a Network Connection 1036
Accessing Resources 1041
Firewall Settings 1044
Client Network Configuration 1046
Summary 1050
Exam Essentials 1050
Review Questions 1052
Performance-Based Question 1056
Chapter 16 Working with macOS and Linux 1057
macOS and Linux 1060
Applications on macOS 1061
Installing Applications from the App Store 1061
Installing Downloadable Applications 1062
Managing Applications 1064
Creating Shortcuts 1065
Windows Settings 937
The Windows Registry 960
Disk Management 962
Getting Disks Ready to Store Files and Programs 963
Checking the Health of Hard Disks and Optimizing
Their Performance 969
Summary 970
Exam Essentials 970
Review Questions 972
Performance-Based Question 976
Chapter 15 Windows Administration 977
Installing and Upgrading Windows 980
Windows Installation Options 982
The Installation Process 984
The Upgrade Process 1002
Repair Installation 1006
Recovery Partition 1007
Side-by-Side Upgrading Windows 10/11 1007
Image Deployment 1008
Upgrading Editions of Windows 1008
Security and Feature Updates 1008
Installation/Upgrade Boot Options 1011
Considerations 1012
Command-Line Tools 1013
Networking in Windows 1030
Networking Models 1030
User Authentication 1034
Establishing a Network Connection 1036
Accessing Resources 1041
Firewall Settings 1044
Client Network Configuration 1046
Summary 1050
Exam Essentials 1050
Review Questions 1052
Performance-Based Question 1056
Chapter 16 Working with macOS and Linux 1057
macOS and Linux 1060
Applications on macOS 1061
Installing Applications from the App Store 1061
Installing Downloadable Applications 1062
Managing Applications 1064
Creating Shortcuts 1065
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xviii Contents
Best Practices 1065
Scheduled Backups 1065
Scheduled Disk Maintenance 1068
System Updates/App Store 1068
Patch Management 1069
Driver/Firmware Updates 1070
Antivirus/Antimalware Updates 1071
Tools 1071
System Preferences 1073
Features 1082
Basic Linux Commands 1087
Understanding the Syntax of Shell Commands 1088
Discovering and Using Linux Commands 1089
Becoming root (Super User) 1091
Maintaining the Operating System 1092
Managing Processes 1095
Directory Navigation 1097
Directory Listings 1098
Changing Permissions and Ownership 1099
Working with Files 1100
Working with Directories 1103
Networking Utilities 1104
Getting Help 1106
Linux and Windows 1106
Summary 1108
Exam Essentials 1109
Review Questions 1110
Performance-Based Question 1114
Chapter 17 Security Concepts 1115
Physical Security Concepts 1121
Access Control Vestibule 1121
Badge Reader 1122
Video Surveillance 1122
Motion Sensors 1123
Alarm System 1124
Door Locks 1124
Equipment Locks 1125
Security Guards 1127
Fences 1127
Bollards 1128
Physical Security for Staff 1128
Best Practices 1065
Scheduled Backups 1065
Scheduled Disk Maintenance 1068
System Updates/App Store 1068
Patch Management 1069
Driver/Firmware Updates 1070
Antivirus/Antimalware Updates 1071
Tools 1071
System Preferences 1073
Features 1082
Basic Linux Commands 1087
Understanding the Syntax of Shell Commands 1088
Discovering and Using Linux Commands 1089
Becoming root (Super User) 1091
Maintaining the Operating System 1092
Managing Processes 1095
Directory Navigation 1097
Directory Listings 1098
Changing Permissions and Ownership 1099
Working with Files 1100
Working with Directories 1103
Networking Utilities 1104
Getting Help 1106
Linux and Windows 1106
Summary 1108
Exam Essentials 1109
Review Questions 1110
Performance-Based Question 1114
Chapter 17 Security Concepts 1115
Physical Security Concepts 1121
Access Control Vestibule 1121
Badge Reader 1122
Video Surveillance 1122
Motion Sensors 1123
Alarm System 1124
Door Locks 1124
Equipment Locks 1125
Security Guards 1127
Fences 1127
Bollards 1128
Physical Security for Staff 1128
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Contents xix
Key Fobs 1129
Smartcards and RFID Badges 1129
Keys 1130
Biometrics 1131
Lighting 1132
Magnetometers 1132
Logical Security 1132
Principle of Least Privilege 1133
Access Control Lists 1133
Authentication Factors 1135
Multifactor Authentication 1135
Mobile Device Management (MDM) 1137
Active Directory 1138
Malware 1143
Ransomware 1144
Trojans 1144
Keyloggers 1145
Rootkits 1145
Spyware 1145
Cryptominers 1146
Viruses 1146
Virus Transmission in a Network 1150
Botnets 1151
Worms 1151
Mitigating Software Threats 1151
Antivirus 1152
Antimalware 1153
Recovery Console 1154
End-User Education 1154
Software Firewalls 1156
Reinstalling the OS 1158
Social Engineering Attacks, Threats,
and Vulnerabilities 1159
Phishing 1160
Shoulder Surfing 1161
Tailgating 1161
Impersonation 1162
Dumpster Diving 1162
Evil Twin 1162
Common Security Threats 1163
Denial-of-Service Attacks 1163
Zero-Day Attacks 1165
Spoofing Attacks 1166
Key Fobs 1129
Smartcards and RFID Badges 1129
Keys 1130
Biometrics 1131
Lighting 1132
Magnetometers 1132
Logical Security 1132
Principle of Least Privilege 1133
Access Control Lists 1133
Authentication Factors 1135
Multifactor Authentication 1135
Mobile Device Management (MDM) 1137
Active Directory 1138
Malware 1143
Ransomware 1144
Trojans 1144
Keyloggers 1145
Rootkits 1145
Spyware 1145
Cryptominers 1146
Viruses 1146
Virus Transmission in a Network 1150
Botnets 1151
Worms 1151
Mitigating Software Threats 1151
Antivirus 1152
Antimalware 1153
Recovery Console 1154
End-User Education 1154
Software Firewalls 1156
Reinstalling the OS 1158
Social Engineering Attacks, Threats,
and Vulnerabilities 1159
Phishing 1160
Shoulder Surfing 1161
Tailgating 1161
Impersonation 1162
Dumpster Diving 1162
Evil Twin 1162
Common Security Threats 1163
Denial-of-Service Attacks 1163
Zero-Day Attacks 1165
Spoofing Attacks 1166
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xx Contents
On-Path Attack (Previously Known asMan- in-the-Middle
Attack) 1167
Password Attacks 1167
Insider Threat 1168
SQL Injection 1169
Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) 1169
Exploits and Vulnerabilities 1170
Noncompliant Systems 1170
Patching and Updates 1170
Operating Systems Life Cycle 1171
Unprotected Systems 1171
BYOD 1171
Security Best Practices 1172
Data Encryption 1172
Setting Strong Passwords 1173
Requiring Passwords 1174
Password Expiration 1175
End-User Best Practices 1176
Account Management 1177
Disable AutoRun 1181
Destruction and Disposal Methods 1183
Recycling or Repurposing Best Practices 1183
Physical Destruction 1185
Summary 1187
Exam Essentials 1187
Review Questions 1190
Performance-Based Question 1194
Chapter 18 Securing Operating Systems 1195
Working with Windows OS Security Settings 1199
Users and Groups 1199
User Authentication 1203
NTFS vs. Share Permissions 1208
Shared Files and Folders 1215
System Files and Folders 1218
Windows Security Features 1220
Web Browser Security 1228
Browser Download and Installation 1228
Extensions and Plug-ins 1230
Credentials Managers 1232
Secure Data Transfers 1233
Settings 1234
Securing a SOHO Network (Wireless) 1239
Changing Default Usernames and Passwords 1240
On-Path Attack (Previously Known asMan- in-the-Middle
Attack) 1167
Password Attacks 1167
Insider Threat 1168
SQL Injection 1169
Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) 1169
Exploits and Vulnerabilities 1170
Noncompliant Systems 1170
Patching and Updates 1170
Operating Systems Life Cycle 1171
Unprotected Systems 1171
BYOD 1171
Security Best Practices 1172
Data Encryption 1172
Setting Strong Passwords 1173
Requiring Passwords 1174
Password Expiration 1175
End-User Best Practices 1176
Account Management 1177
Disable AutoRun 1181
Destruction and Disposal Methods 1183
Recycling or Repurposing Best Practices 1183
Physical Destruction 1185
Summary 1187
Exam Essentials 1187
Review Questions 1190
Performance-Based Question 1194
Chapter 18 Securing Operating Systems 1195
Working with Windows OS Security Settings 1199
Users and Groups 1199
User Authentication 1203
NTFS vs. Share Permissions 1208
Shared Files and Folders 1215
System Files and Folders 1218
Windows Security Features 1220
Web Browser Security 1228
Browser Download and Installation 1228
Extensions and Plug-ins 1230
Credentials Managers 1232
Secure Data Transfers 1233
Settings 1234
Securing a SOHO Network (Wireless) 1239
Changing Default Usernames and Passwords 1240
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Contents xxi
Changing the SSID 1240
Guest Network Isolation 1240
Setting Encryption 1241
Disabling SSID Broadcast 1242
Wireless MAC Filtering 1242
Frequencies 1243
Radio Power Levels 1244
Antenna and Access Point Placement 1245
Assign Static IP Addresses 1245
WPS 1246
Authentication 1246
Securing a SOHO Network (Wired) 1247
Changing Default Credentials 1247
Upgrading Firmware 1248
Filtering 1248
DHCP 1252
Physical Security 1252
Mobile Device Security 1253
Screen Locks 1254
Remote Wipes and Locator Applications 1256
Remote Backup 1258
Failed Login Attempts Restrictions 1258
Viruses and Malware on Mobile Devices 1259
Operating System Updates 1260
Full-Device Encryption 1260
Multifactor Authentication 1260
Authenticator Applications 1261
Firewalls 1261
Policies and Procedures 1261
IoT Considerations 1263
Summary 1263
Exam Essentials 1264
Review Questions 1265
Performance-Based Question 1269
Chapter 19 Troubleshooting Operating Systems and Security 1271
Troubleshooting Common Microsoft Windows OS Problems 1275
Common Symptoms 1275
Common Troubleshooting Steps 1297
Troubleshooting Security Issues 1309
Common Symptoms 1310
Browser-Related Symptoms 1315
Best Practices for Malware Removal 1318
1. Identify and Verify Malware Symptoms 1318
Changing the SSID 1240
Guest Network Isolation 1240
Setting Encryption 1241
Disabling SSID Broadcast 1242
Wireless MAC Filtering 1242
Frequencies 1243
Radio Power Levels 1244
Antenna and Access Point Placement 1245
Assign Static IP Addresses 1245
WPS 1246
Authentication 1246
Securing a SOHO Network (Wired) 1247
Changing Default Credentials 1247
Upgrading Firmware 1248
Filtering 1248
DHCP 1252
Physical Security 1252
Mobile Device Security 1253
Screen Locks 1254
Remote Wipes and Locator Applications 1256
Remote Backup 1258
Failed Login Attempts Restrictions 1258
Viruses and Malware on Mobile Devices 1259
Operating System Updates 1260
Full-Device Encryption 1260
Multifactor Authentication 1260
Authenticator Applications 1261
Firewalls 1261
Policies and Procedures 1261
IoT Considerations 1263
Summary 1263
Exam Essentials 1264
Review Questions 1265
Performance-Based Question 1269
Chapter 19 Troubleshooting Operating Systems and Security 1271
Troubleshooting Common Microsoft Windows OS Problems 1275
Common Symptoms 1275
Common Troubleshooting Steps 1297
Troubleshooting Security Issues 1309
Common Symptoms 1310
Browser-Related Symptoms 1315
Best Practices for Malware Removal 1318
1. Identify and Verify Malware Symptoms 1318
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xxii Contents
2. Quarantine Infected Systems 1319
3. Disable System Restore in Windows 1320
4. Remediate Infected Systems 1321
5. Schedule Scans and Run Updates 1323
6. Enable System Restore and Create a Restore
Point in Windows 1324
7. Educate the End User 1325
Troubleshooting Mobile OS Issues 1325
Application Problems 1325
Performance Issues 1327
OS Fails to Update 1329
Extremely Short Battery Life 1330
Connectivity Issues 1331
Autorotate Issues 1334
Troubleshooting Mobile Security Issues 1335
Security Concerns 1336
Common Symptoms 1338
Summary 1341
Exam Essentials 1342
Review Questions 1343
Performance-Based Question 1346
Chapter 20 Scripting and Remote Access 1347
Scripting 1349
Scripting Basics 1351
Scripting Languages 1355
Scripting Use Cases 1366
Script Considerations 1373
Remote Access 1375
Remote Desktop Protocol 1375
Virtual Private Network (VPN) 1376
Virtual Network Computing 1379
Telnet 1379
Secure Shell 1380
Remote Monitoring and Management 1381
Remote Access Tools 1382
Security Considerations 1387
Summary 1387
Exam Essentials 1388
Review Questions 1389
Performance-Based Question 1392
Chapter 21 Safety and Environmental
Concerns 1393
Understanding Safety Procedures 1395
Identifying Potential Safety Hazards 1395
Creating a Safe Workplace 1407
2. Quarantine Infected Systems 1319
3. Disable System Restore in Windows 1320
4. Remediate Infected Systems 1321
5. Schedule Scans and Run Updates 1323
6. Enable System Restore and Create a Restore
Point in Windows 1324
7. Educate the End User 1325
Troubleshooting Mobile OS Issues 1325
Application Problems 1325
Performance Issues 1327
OS Fails to Update 1329
Extremely Short Battery Life 1330
Connectivity Issues 1331
Autorotate Issues 1334
Troubleshooting Mobile Security Issues 1335
Security Concerns 1336
Common Symptoms 1338
Summary 1341
Exam Essentials 1342
Review Questions 1343
Performance-Based Question 1346
Chapter 20 Scripting and Remote Access 1347
Scripting 1349
Scripting Basics 1351
Scripting Languages 1355
Scripting Use Cases 1366
Script Considerations 1373
Remote Access 1375
Remote Desktop Protocol 1375
Virtual Private Network (VPN) 1376
Virtual Network Computing 1379
Telnet 1379
Secure Shell 1380
Remote Monitoring and Management 1381
Remote Access Tools 1382
Security Considerations 1387
Summary 1387
Exam Essentials 1388
Review Questions 1389
Performance-Based Question 1392
Chapter 21 Safety and Environmental
Concerns 1393
Understanding Safety Procedures 1395
Identifying Potential Safety Hazards 1395
Creating a Safe Workplace 1407
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Contents xxiii
Understanding Environmental Controls 1417
Managing the Physical Environment 1418
Handling and Disposing of Computer Equipment 1424
Understanding Policies, Licensing, and Privacy 1433
Dealing with Prohibited Content/Activity 1434
Incident Response 1435
Managing Software Licenses 1440
Managing Sensitive Information 1443
Summary 1446
Exam Essentials 1446
Review Questions 1448
Performance-Based Question 1452
Chapter 22 Documentation and Professionalism 1453
Documentation and Support 1457
Ticketing Systems 1458
Asset Management 1462
Common Documentation 1466
Knowledge Base/Articles 1475
Change Management Best Practices 1476
Disaster Prevention and Recovery 1482
Data Backups 1483
Battery Backup/UPS 1489
Power Generators 1490
Surge Protection 1491
Account Recovery Options 1492
Demonstrating Professionalism 1494
Professional Appearance 1495
Communicating with Customers 1496
Using Appropriate Behavior 1500
Putting It All in Perspective 1507
Summary 1508
Exam Essentials 1508
Review Questions 1510
Performance-Based Question 1514
Appendix A Answers to the Review Questions 1515
Chapter 1: Motherboards, Processors, and Memory 1516
Chapter 2: Expansion Cards, Storage Devices, and
Power Supplies 1518
Chapter 3: Peripherals, Cables, and Connectors 1520
Chapter 4: Printers and Multifunction Devices 1521
Chapter 5: Networking Fundamentals 1523
Chapter 6: Introduction to TCP/IP 1525
Chapter 7: Wireless and SOHO Networks 1527
Chapter 8: Network Services, Virtualization, and
Cloud Computing 1529
Understanding Environmental Controls 1417
Managing the Physical Environment 1418
Handling and Disposing of Computer Equipment 1424
Understanding Policies, Licensing, and Privacy 1433
Dealing with Prohibited Content/Activity 1434
Incident Response 1435
Managing Software Licenses 1440
Managing Sensitive Information 1443
Summary 1446
Exam Essentials 1446
Review Questions 1448
Performance-Based Question 1452
Chapter 22 Documentation and Professionalism 1453
Documentation and Support 1457
Ticketing Systems 1458
Asset Management 1462
Common Documentation 1466
Knowledge Base/Articles 1475
Change Management Best Practices 1476
Disaster Prevention and Recovery 1482
Data Backups 1483
Battery Backup/UPS 1489
Power Generators 1490
Surge Protection 1491
Account Recovery Options 1492
Demonstrating Professionalism 1494
Professional Appearance 1495
Communicating with Customers 1496
Using Appropriate Behavior 1500
Putting It All in Perspective 1507
Summary 1508
Exam Essentials 1508
Review Questions 1510
Performance-Based Question 1514
Appendix A Answers to the Review Questions 1515
Chapter 1: Motherboards, Processors, and Memory 1516
Chapter 2: Expansion Cards, Storage Devices, and
Power Supplies 1518
Chapter 3: Peripherals, Cables, and Connectors 1520
Chapter 4: Printers and Multifunction Devices 1521
Chapter 5: Networking Fundamentals 1523
Chapter 6: Introduction to TCP/IP 1525
Chapter 7: Wireless and SOHO Networks 1527
Chapter 8: Network Services, Virtualization, and
Cloud Computing 1529
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xxiv Contents
Chapter 9: Laptop and Mobile Device Hardware 1531
Chapter 10: Mobile Connectivity and Application Support 1533
Chapter 11: Troubleshooting Methodology and
Resolving Core Hardware Problems 1535
Chapter 12: Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 1537
Chapter 13: Operating System Basics 1539
Chapter 14: Windows Configuration 1540
Chapter 15: Windows Administration 1543
Chapter 16: Working with macOS and Linux 1545
Chapter 17: Security Concepts 1547
Chapter 18: Securing Operating Systems 1549
Chapter 19: Troubleshooting Operating Systems and Security 1551
Chapter 20: Scripting and Remote Access 1554
Chapter 21: Safety and Environmental Concerns 1556
Chapter 22: Documentation and Professionalism 1558
Appendix B Answers to Performance- Based Questions 1561
Chapter 1: Motherboards, Processors, and Memory 1562
Chapter 2: Expansion Cards, Storage Devices, and
Power Supplies 1563
Chapter 3: Peripherals, Cables, and Connectors 1563
Chapter 4: Printers and Multifunction Devices 1564
Chapter 5: Networking Fundamentals 1565
Chapter 6: Introduction to TCP/IP 1566
Chapter 7: Wireless and SOHO Networks 1566
Chapter 8: Network Services, Virtualization, and
Cloud Computing 1567
Chapter 9: Laptop and Mobile Device Hardware 1568
Chapter 10: Mobile Connectivity and Application Support 1568
Chapter 11: Troubleshooting Methodology and Resolving Core
Hardware Problems 1569
Chapter 12: Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 1569
Chapter 13: Operating System Basics 1570
Chapter 14: Windows Configuration 1570
Chapter 15: Windows Administration 1571
Chapter 16: Working with macOS and Linux 1575
Chapter 17: Security Concepts 1577
Chapter 18: Securing Operating Systems 1577
Chapter 19: Troubleshooting Operating Systems and Security 1578
Chapter 20: Scripting and Remote Access 1578
Chapter 21: Safety and Environmental Concerns 1579
Chapter 22: Documentation and Professionalism 1579
Index 1581
Chapter 9: Laptop and Mobile Device Hardware 1531
Chapter 10: Mobile Connectivity and Application Support 1533
Chapter 11: Troubleshooting Methodology and
Resolving Core Hardware Problems 1535
Chapter 12: Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 1537
Chapter 13: Operating System Basics 1539
Chapter 14: Windows Configuration 1540
Chapter 15: Windows Administration 1543
Chapter 16: Working with macOS and Linux 1545
Chapter 17: Security Concepts 1547
Chapter 18: Securing Operating Systems 1549
Chapter 19: Troubleshooting Operating Systems and Security 1551
Chapter 20: Scripting and Remote Access 1554
Chapter 21: Safety and Environmental Concerns 1556
Chapter 22: Documentation and Professionalism 1558
Appendix B Answers to Performance- Based Questions 1561
Chapter 1: Motherboards, Processors, and Memory 1562
Chapter 2: Expansion Cards, Storage Devices, and
Power Supplies 1563
Chapter 3: Peripherals, Cables, and Connectors 1563
Chapter 4: Printers and Multifunction Devices 1564
Chapter 5: Networking Fundamentals 1565
Chapter 6: Introduction to TCP/IP 1566
Chapter 7: Wireless and SOHO Networks 1566
Chapter 8: Network Services, Virtualization, and
Cloud Computing 1567
Chapter 9: Laptop and Mobile Device Hardware 1568
Chapter 10: Mobile Connectivity and Application Support 1568
Chapter 11: Troubleshooting Methodology and Resolving Core
Hardware Problems 1569
Chapter 12: Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 1569
Chapter 13: Operating System Basics 1570
Chapter 14: Windows Configuration 1570
Chapter 15: Windows Administration 1571
Chapter 16: Working with macOS and Linux 1575
Chapter 17: Security Concepts 1577
Chapter 18: Securing Operating Systems 1577
Chapter 19: Troubleshooting Operating Systems and Security 1578
Chapter 20: Scripting and Remote Access 1578
Chapter 21: Safety and Environmental Concerns 1579
Chapter 22: Documentation and Professionalism 1579
Index 1581
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Table of Exercises
Exercise 2.1 Removing an Internal Storage Device 115
Exercise 2.2 Installing an Internal Storage Device 116
Exercise 2.3 Removing a Power Supply 130
Exercise 3.1 Changing the Refresh Rate in Windows 10 143
Exercise 3.2 Changing the Settings for Multiple Monitors 148
Exercise 4.1 Identifying the Parts of an Inkjet Printer 203
Exercise 4.2 Installing a USB Printer in Windows 10 239
Exercise 4.3 Installing a TCP/IP Printer in Windows 10 242
Exercise 4.4 Determining if Bonjour Is Installed in Windows 244
Exercise 4.5 Scanning a Document to Google Drive 250
Exercise 4.6 Using an Inkjet Cleaning Solution 255
Exercise 4.7 Installing Memory into a Laser Printer 258
Exercise 5.1 Pricing Network Cables 313
Exercise 7.1 The Cost of Networking 422
Exercise 7.2 Installing an Internal NIC in Windows 10 422
Exercise 8.1 Configuring Windows 10 to Use a Proxy Server 477
Exercise 8.2 Using Google’s Cloud Services 497
Exercise 8.3 Enabling Hyper-V in Windows 10 503
Exercise 8.4 Installing VirtualBox and Lubuntu on Windows 10 508
Exercise 9.1 Removing Speakers from a Laptop 536
Exercise 9.2 Removing the Display Assembly 544
Exercise 9.3 Removing the Display Panel 546
Exercise 9.4 Removing the Motherboard from a Laptop 549
Exercise 9.5 Replacing Laptop Memory 553
Exercise 9.6 Removing an M 2 SSD from a Laptop 557
Exercise 9.7 Removing a Laptop Keyboard 560
Exercise 9.8 Disabling a Touchpad in Windows 10 563
Exercise 9.9 Removing an Internal Laptop Battery 568
Exercise 9.10 Removing the System Fan 572
Exercise 9.11 Removing the CPU Heat Sink 573
Exercise 9.12 Removing the Wireless NIC 574
Exercise 9.13 Removing the CMOS Battery 575
Exercise 9.14 Flashing the System BIOS 576
Exercise 10.1 Connecting an iPhone to a Wi-Fi Network 609
Exercise 10.2 Connecting an Android Phone to a Wi-Fi Network 611
Exercise 10.3 Disabling Cellular Use for Data Networking on an iPhone 614
Exercise 10.4 Disabling Cellular Use for Data Networking in Android OS 616
Exercise 2.1 Removing an Internal Storage Device 115
Exercise 2.2 Installing an Internal Storage Device 116
Exercise 2.3 Removing a Power Supply 130
Exercise 3.1 Changing the Refresh Rate in Windows 10 143
Exercise 3.2 Changing the Settings for Multiple Monitors 148
Exercise 4.1 Identifying the Parts of an Inkjet Printer 203
Exercise 4.2 Installing a USB Printer in Windows 10 239
Exercise 4.3 Installing a TCP/IP Printer in Windows 10 242
Exercise 4.4 Determining if Bonjour Is Installed in Windows 244
Exercise 4.5 Scanning a Document to Google Drive 250
Exercise 4.6 Using an Inkjet Cleaning Solution 255
Exercise 4.7 Installing Memory into a Laser Printer 258
Exercise 5.1 Pricing Network Cables 313
Exercise 7.1 The Cost of Networking 422
Exercise 7.2 Installing an Internal NIC in Windows 10 422
Exercise 8.1 Configuring Windows 10 to Use a Proxy Server 477
Exercise 8.2 Using Google’s Cloud Services 497
Exercise 8.3 Enabling Hyper-V in Windows 10 503
Exercise 8.4 Installing VirtualBox and Lubuntu on Windows 10 508
Exercise 9.1 Removing Speakers from a Laptop 536
Exercise 9.2 Removing the Display Assembly 544
Exercise 9.3 Removing the Display Panel 546
Exercise 9.4 Removing the Motherboard from a Laptop 549
Exercise 9.5 Replacing Laptop Memory 553
Exercise 9.6 Removing an M 2 SSD from a Laptop 557
Exercise 9.7 Removing a Laptop Keyboard 560
Exercise 9.8 Disabling a Touchpad in Windows 10 563
Exercise 9.9 Removing an Internal Laptop Battery 568
Exercise 9.10 Removing the System Fan 572
Exercise 9.11 Removing the CPU Heat Sink 573
Exercise 9.12 Removing the Wireless NIC 574
Exercise 9.13 Removing the CMOS Battery 575
Exercise 9.14 Flashing the System BIOS 576
Exercise 10.1 Connecting an iPhone to a Wi-Fi Network 609
Exercise 10.2 Connecting an Android Phone to a Wi-Fi Network 611
Exercise 10.3 Disabling Cellular Use for Data Networking on an iPhone 614
Exercise 10.4 Disabling Cellular Use for Data Networking in Android OS 616
Loading page 28...
xxvi Table of Exercises
Exercise 10.5 Setting Up a VPN in Android 619
Exercise 10.6 Pairing an Android Device with a Windows Laptop 623
Exercise 10.7 Pairing an iPhone with a Vehicle’s Sound System 632
Exercise 10.8 Configuring Location Services in iOS 638
Exercise 10.9 Email Account Configuration on an iPhone 645
Exercise 10.10 Email Account Configuration in Android 648
Exercise 10.11 Enabling ActiveSync in iOS 658
Exercise 11.1 Troubleshooting Practice 707
Exercise 12.1 Using a S M A R T Software Utility in Windows 729
Exercise 12.2 Stopping and Restarting the Print Spooler in Windows 10 775
Exercise 12.3 Renewing an IP Address in Windows 10 787
Exercise 12.4 Renewing an IP Address from the Command Line 789
Exercise 12.5 Using the net share Command in Windows 795
Exercise 13.1 Changing a Screen Saver in Windows 854
Exercise 13.2 Auto-Hiding the Taskbar 856
Exercise 13.3 Starting a Program from the Run Window 859
Exercise 14.1 Working with Task Manager 887
Exercise 14.2 Working with Performance Monitor 896
Exercise 14.3 Changing the Time Zone 908
Exercise 14.4 Showing Hidden Files and Folders 913
Exercise 15.1 Command-Line Directory Management 1015
Exercise 15.2 Running chkdsk within Windows 1025
Exercise 15.3 Running chkdsk at the Command Line 1026
Exercise 16.1 Installing Applications on macOS 1063
Exercise 16.2 Uninstalling Applications on macOS 1065
Exercise 16.3 Working with Files 1103
Exercise 17.1 Testing Your Antimalware 1153
Exercise 17.2 Testing Social Engineering 1160
Exercise 18.1 Examining a Security Token 1207
Exercise 18.2 Examining File Permissions 1214
Exercise 18.3 Working with File Hashes 1230
Exercise 18.4 Setting the Passcode Lock on an iPhone 1255
Exercise 18.5 Setting the Passcode Lock on an Android Phone 1255
Exercise 19.1 Reviewing Reliability Monitor 1288
Exercise 19.2 Manually Creating a Restore Point in Windows 1304
Exercise 20.1 Creating and Running a Windows Batch Script 1356
Exercise 20.2 Creating Your First PowerShell Script 1360
Exercise 21.1 Finding Trip Hazards 1413
Exercise 21.2 Finding MSDSs 1425
Exercise 22.1 Understanding Punctuality 1501
Exercise 22.2 Surprise Someone 1505
Exercise 10.5 Setting Up a VPN in Android 619
Exercise 10.6 Pairing an Android Device with a Windows Laptop 623
Exercise 10.7 Pairing an iPhone with a Vehicle’s Sound System 632
Exercise 10.8 Configuring Location Services in iOS 638
Exercise 10.9 Email Account Configuration on an iPhone 645
Exercise 10.10 Email Account Configuration in Android 648
Exercise 10.11 Enabling ActiveSync in iOS 658
Exercise 11.1 Troubleshooting Practice 707
Exercise 12.1 Using a S M A R T Software Utility in Windows 729
Exercise 12.2 Stopping and Restarting the Print Spooler in Windows 10 775
Exercise 12.3 Renewing an IP Address in Windows 10 787
Exercise 12.4 Renewing an IP Address from the Command Line 789
Exercise 12.5 Using the net share Command in Windows 795
Exercise 13.1 Changing a Screen Saver in Windows 854
Exercise 13.2 Auto-Hiding the Taskbar 856
Exercise 13.3 Starting a Program from the Run Window 859
Exercise 14.1 Working with Task Manager 887
Exercise 14.2 Working with Performance Monitor 896
Exercise 14.3 Changing the Time Zone 908
Exercise 14.4 Showing Hidden Files and Folders 913
Exercise 15.1 Command-Line Directory Management 1015
Exercise 15.2 Running chkdsk within Windows 1025
Exercise 15.3 Running chkdsk at the Command Line 1026
Exercise 16.1 Installing Applications on macOS 1063
Exercise 16.2 Uninstalling Applications on macOS 1065
Exercise 16.3 Working with Files 1103
Exercise 17.1 Testing Your Antimalware 1153
Exercise 17.2 Testing Social Engineering 1160
Exercise 18.1 Examining a Security Token 1207
Exercise 18.2 Examining File Permissions 1214
Exercise 18.3 Working with File Hashes 1230
Exercise 18.4 Setting the Passcode Lock on an iPhone 1255
Exercise 18.5 Setting the Passcode Lock on an Android Phone 1255
Exercise 19.1 Reviewing Reliability Monitor 1288
Exercise 19.2 Manually Creating a Restore Point in Windows 1304
Exercise 20.1 Creating and Running a Windows Batch Script 1356
Exercise 20.2 Creating Your First PowerShell Script 1360
Exercise 21.1 Finding Trip Hazards 1413
Exercise 21.2 Finding MSDSs 1425
Exercise 22.1 Understanding Punctuality 1501
Exercise 22.2 Surprise Someone 1505
Loading page 29...
Introduction
Welcome to the CompTIA A+ Complete Deluxe Study Guide. This is the fifth edition of
our best-selling study guide for the A+ certification sponsored by CompTIA (Computing
Technology Industry Association). Thank you for choosing us to help you on your journey
toward certification!
This book is written at an intermediate technical level; we assume that you already know
how to use a personal computer and its basic peripherals, such as USB devices and printers,
but we also recognize that you may be learning how to service some of that computer
equipment for the first time. The exams cover basic computer service topics as well as more
advanced issues, and they cover topics that anyone already working as a technician should
be familiar with. The exams are designed to test you on these topics in order to certify that
you have enough knowledge to fix and upgrade some of the most widely used types of
personal computers and operating systems.
In addition to the prose in the chapters, we’ve included a lot of extra material to help
your study prep. At the end of each chapter is a list of exam essentials to know as well as 20
review questions to give you a taste of what it’s like to take the exams. In addition, there are
eight bonus exams of at least 50 questions each. Finally, there are flashcards designed to help
your recall. Before you dive into those, though, we recommend you take the assessment test
at the end of this introduction to gauge your current knowledge level.
Don’t just study the questions and answers—the questions on the actual exams will be
different from the practice ones included with this book. The exams are designed to test
your knowledge of a concept or objective, so use this book to learn the objective behind the
question. That said, we’re confident that if you can do well on our quizzes, you will be well
equipped to take the real exam.
This book covers more than just the exams, however. We believe in providing our stu-
dents with a foundation of IT knowledge that will prepare them for real jobs, not just to
pass a test. After all, life is not a multiple-choice test with the answers clearly laid out in
front of you!
For experienced IT professionals, you can use the book to fill in the gaps in your current
computer service knowledge. You may find, as many PC technicians have, that being well
versed in all the technical aspects of hardware and operating systems is not enough to pro-
vide a satisfactory level of support—you must also have customer-relations skills, understand
safety concepts, and be familiar with change management and environmental impacts and
controls. We include helpful hints in all of these areas.
What Is A+ Certification?
The A+ certification program was developed by CompTIA to provide an industry-wide
means of certifying the competency of computer service technicians. The A+ certification is
granted to those who have attained the level of knowledge and troubleshooting skills that
Welcome to the CompTIA A+ Complete Deluxe Study Guide. This is the fifth edition of
our best-selling study guide for the A+ certification sponsored by CompTIA (Computing
Technology Industry Association). Thank you for choosing us to help you on your journey
toward certification!
This book is written at an intermediate technical level; we assume that you already know
how to use a personal computer and its basic peripherals, such as USB devices and printers,
but we also recognize that you may be learning how to service some of that computer
equipment for the first time. The exams cover basic computer service topics as well as more
advanced issues, and they cover topics that anyone already working as a technician should
be familiar with. The exams are designed to test you on these topics in order to certify that
you have enough knowledge to fix and upgrade some of the most widely used types of
personal computers and operating systems.
In addition to the prose in the chapters, we’ve included a lot of extra material to help
your study prep. At the end of each chapter is a list of exam essentials to know as well as 20
review questions to give you a taste of what it’s like to take the exams. In addition, there are
eight bonus exams of at least 50 questions each. Finally, there are flashcards designed to help
your recall. Before you dive into those, though, we recommend you take the assessment test
at the end of this introduction to gauge your current knowledge level.
Don’t just study the questions and answers—the questions on the actual exams will be
different from the practice ones included with this book. The exams are designed to test
your knowledge of a concept or objective, so use this book to learn the objective behind the
question. That said, we’re confident that if you can do well on our quizzes, you will be well
equipped to take the real exam.
This book covers more than just the exams, however. We believe in providing our stu-
dents with a foundation of IT knowledge that will prepare them for real jobs, not just to
pass a test. After all, life is not a multiple-choice test with the answers clearly laid out in
front of you!
For experienced IT professionals, you can use the book to fill in the gaps in your current
computer service knowledge. You may find, as many PC technicians have, that being well
versed in all the technical aspects of hardware and operating systems is not enough to pro-
vide a satisfactory level of support—you must also have customer-relations skills, understand
safety concepts, and be familiar with change management and environmental impacts and
controls. We include helpful hints in all of these areas.
What Is A+ Certification?
The A+ certification program was developed by CompTIA to provide an industry-wide
means of certifying the competency of computer service technicians. The A+ certification is
granted to those who have attained the level of knowledge and troubleshooting skills that
Loading page 30...
xxviii Introduction
are needed to provide capable support in the field of personal computers. It is similar to
other certifications in the computer industry, such as the Cisco Certified Technician (CCT)
program and the Microsoft Technology Associate (MTA) certification program. The theory
behind these certifications is that if you need to have service performed on any of their prod-
ucts, you would sooner call a technician who has been certified in one of the appropriate
certification programs than just call the first “expert” in the phone book.
The A+ certification program was created to offer a wide-ranging certification, in the
sense that it is intended to certify competence with personal computers and mobile devices
from many different makers/vendors. You must pass two tests to become A+ certified:
■■ The Core 1 220-1101 exam, which covers basic computer concepts, PC hardware, basic
networking, mobile devices, and hardware troubleshooting
■■ The Core 2 220-1102 exam, which covers operating systems, security, software trouble-
shooting, and operational procedures
You don’t have to take the 220-1101 and the 220-1102 exams at the same time. How-
ever, the A+ certification is not awarded until you’ve passed both tests.
Why Become A+ Certified?
There are several good reasons to get your A+ certification. The CompTIA Candidate’s
Information packet lists five major benefits:
■■ It demonstrates proof of professional achievement.
■■ It increases your marketability.
■■ It provides greater opportunity for advancement in your field.
■■ It is increasingly a requirement for some types of advanced training.
■■ It raises customer confidence in you and your company’s services.
Provides Proof of Professional Achievement
The A+ certification is a status symbol in the computer service industry. Organizations that
include members of the computer service industry recognize the benefits of A+ certification
and push for their members to become certified. And more people every day are putting the
“A+ Certified Technician” emblem on their business cards.
Increases Your Marketability
A+ certification makes individuals more marketable to potential employers. A+ certified
employees also may receive a higher base salary because employers won’t have to spend as
much money on vendor-specific training.
Provides Opportunity for Advancement
Most raises and advancements are based on performance. A+ certified employees work faster
and more efficiently and are thus more productive. The more productive employees are, the
are needed to provide capable support in the field of personal computers. It is similar to
other certifications in the computer industry, such as the Cisco Certified Technician (CCT)
program and the Microsoft Technology Associate (MTA) certification program. The theory
behind these certifications is that if you need to have service performed on any of their prod-
ucts, you would sooner call a technician who has been certified in one of the appropriate
certification programs than just call the first “expert” in the phone book.
The A+ certification program was created to offer a wide-ranging certification, in the
sense that it is intended to certify competence with personal computers and mobile devices
from many different makers/vendors. You must pass two tests to become A+ certified:
■■ The Core 1 220-1101 exam, which covers basic computer concepts, PC hardware, basic
networking, mobile devices, and hardware troubleshooting
■■ The Core 2 220-1102 exam, which covers operating systems, security, software trouble-
shooting, and operational procedures
You don’t have to take the 220-1101 and the 220-1102 exams at the same time. How-
ever, the A+ certification is not awarded until you’ve passed both tests.
Why Become A+ Certified?
There are several good reasons to get your A+ certification. The CompTIA Candidate’s
Information packet lists five major benefits:
■■ It demonstrates proof of professional achievement.
■■ It increases your marketability.
■■ It provides greater opportunity for advancement in your field.
■■ It is increasingly a requirement for some types of advanced training.
■■ It raises customer confidence in you and your company’s services.
Provides Proof of Professional Achievement
The A+ certification is a status symbol in the computer service industry. Organizations that
include members of the computer service industry recognize the benefits of A+ certification
and push for their members to become certified. And more people every day are putting the
“A+ Certified Technician” emblem on their business cards.
Increases Your Marketability
A+ certification makes individuals more marketable to potential employers. A+ certified
employees also may receive a higher base salary because employers won’t have to spend as
much money on vendor-specific training.
Provides Opportunity for Advancement
Most raises and advancements are based on performance. A+ certified employees work faster
and more efficiently and are thus more productive. The more productive employees are, the
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CompTIA Certifications