Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change Canadian Edition (2013) Solution Manual

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Silberberg, Lavieri, & Venkateswaran,Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change, Canadian EditionPage1-1Solution ManualCHAPTER 1KEYS TO THE STUDY OFCHEMISTRYEND–OF–CHAPTER PROBLEMS1.1Plan:If only the form of the particles has changed and not the composition of the particles, a physical change hastaken place; if particles of a different composition result, a chemical change has taken place.Solution:a) The result in C represents achemical changeas the substances in A (red spheres) and B (blue spheres) havereacted to become a different substance (particles consisting of one red and one blue sphere) represented in C.There are molecules in C composed of the atoms from A and B.b) The result in D represents achemical changeas again the atoms in A and B have reacted to form molecules ofa new substance.c) The change from C to D is aphysical change. The substance is the same in both C and D (moleculesconsisting of one red sphere and one blue sphere) but is in the gas phase in C and in the liquid phase in D.d) The sample has thesame chemical propertiesin both C and D since it is the same substance but hasdifferentphysical properties.1.2Plan:Apply the definitions of the states of matter to a container. Next, apply these definitions to the examples.Gas molecules fill the entire container; the volume of a gas is the volume of the container. Solids and liquids havea definite volume. The volume of the container does not affect the volume of a solid or liquid.Solution:a) The helium fills the volume of the entire balloon. The addition or removal of helium will change the volume ofa balloon. Helium is agas.b) At room temperature, the mercury does not completely fill the thermometer. The surface of theliquidmercuryindicates the temperature.c) The soup completely fills the bottom of the bowl, and it has a definite surface. The soup is aliquid, though it ispossible that solid particles of food will be present.1.3Plan:Apply the definitions of the states of matter to a container. Next, apply these definitions to the examples.Gas molecules fill the entire container; the volume of a gas is the volume of the container. Solids and liquids havea definite volume. The volume of the container does not affect the volume of a solid or liquid.Solution:a) The air fills the volume of the room. Air is agas.b) The vitamin tablets do not necessarily fill the entire bottle. The volume of the tablets is determined by thenumber of tablets in the bottle, not by the volume of the bottle.The tablets aresolid.c) The sugar has a definite volume determined by the amount of sugar, not by the volume of the container. Thesugar is asolid.1.4Plan:Define the terms and apply these definitions to the examples.Solution:Physical property– A characteristic shown by a substance itself, without interacting with or changing into othersubstances.Chemical property– A characteristic of a substance that appears as it interacts with, or transforms into, othersubstances.a) The change in color (yellow–green and silvery to white), and the change in physical state (gas and metal tocrystals) are examples ofphysical properties. The change in the physical properties indicates that a chemicalchange occurred. Thus, the interaction between chlorine gas and sodium metal producing sodium chloride is anexample of achemical property.b) The sand and the iron are still present. Neither sand nor iron became something else. Colors along withmagnetism arephysical properties. No chemical changes took place, so there are no chemical properties toobserve.

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