CIS3360: Security In Computing

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CIS3360: Security in ComputingHomework 41. (32 points) Knowledge-based Question:a. How many layers are used in defining the Internet protocol stack? Please give their namesfrom the top layer to the bottom layer.There are 4 layers in the Internet protocol stack which is mentioned belowfrom the top layer tothe bottomlayer:-1.Application layer (process-to-process)2.Transport layer (host-to-host)3.Internet layer (internetworking)4.Link layerb. What is the size of TCP packet header? Size of UDP packet header? What layer do they belongto?In theTCP header, the Data Offset field specifies the size of the TCP header in 32-bit words.The size of a UDP header is 8 bytes.Both TCP and UDP are transport protocols, belonging to theTransport Layerof the OSI model.Both TCP and UDP run on top of IP that operates at the Network layer.c. Each TCP connection is uniquely identified by what four terms? What is the smallest andlargest value for each of the term?Class A Network-binary address start with 0, therefore the decimal number can be anywherefrom 1 to 126. The first 8 bits (the first octet) identify the network and the remaining 24 bitsindicate the host within the network. An example of a Class A IP address is 102.168.212.226,where "102" identifies the network and "168.212.226" identifies the host on that network.Class B Network-binary addresses start with 10, therefore the decimal number can beanywhere from 128 to 191. (The number 127 is reserved forloopbackand is used for internaltesting on the local machine.) The first 16 bits (the first two octets) identify the network and theremaining 16 bits indicate the host within the network. An example of a Class B IP address is168.212.226.204 where "168.212" identifies the network and "226.204" identifies the host onthat network.Class C Network-binaryaddresses start with 110, therefore the decimal number can beanywhere from 192 to 223. The first 24 bits (the first three octets) identify the network and theremaining 8 bits indicate the host within the network. An example of a Class C IP address is200.168.212.226 where "200.168.212" identifies the network and "226" identifies the host onthat network.Class D Network-binary addresses start with 1110, therefore the decimal number can beanywhere from 224 to 239. Class D networks are used to support multicasting.

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