Comprehensive Practice Exam With Answers (836 Solved Questions)

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Maternal & Child Health Nursing: Careof the Childbearing & ChildrearingFamily, 7th edition-Glossaryabortion:-ANS-any interruption of a pregnancy before the fetus is viable (a stage of developmentthatwill enable the fetus to survive outside the uterus if born at that time)absorption:-ANS-transferof a drug from its point of entry in the body into the bloodstreamabstinence:-ANS-refraining from sexual intercourseabstract thought:-ANS-final stage in cognitive thought processes; allows problem solving andcreating hypothesesaccommodation:-ANS-adjustment of the eye to focus on a close image (ophthalmology); the abilitytoadapt thought processes to fit what is perceived (Piaget)acculturation:-ANS-the process of losing cultural beliefs and values to those of a dominant societyacrocyanosis:-ANS-cyanosis (blue color) in the feet and handsacute bilirubin encephalopathy: permanent damage of brain cells caused when high levels(about 20 mg-100 ml) of indirect bilirubin leave the bloodstream and interfere with the chemicalsynthesis of brain cellsacute pain:-ANS-sharp pain, generally occurring abruptly after an injuryacyanotic heart disease: heart or circulatory anomalies that involve either a stricture to the flowof blood or a shunt that moves blood from the arterial tothe venous system (oxygenated tounoxygenated blood, or left-to-right shunts)adolescence:-ANS-the time period between 13 years and 18 to 20 yearsadrenarche:-ANS-pubic and axillary hair that occur with pubertyadventitious sounds: extra or abnormal breathing soundsaffective learning: learning that involves a change in attitudeafterload:-ANS-the resistance against which the cardiac ventricles must pumpafterpains:-ANS-intermittent cramping due to uterine contraction during involution in thepostpartalperiod

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age of viability:-ANS-the earliest age at which fetuses could survive if they were born at that time;generally accepted as 24 weeks, or fetuses weighing more than 400 galleles:-ANS-two like genesallergen:-ANS-antigen that causes the release of mediating substances causing tissue injury andallergic symptomsallogeneic transplantation:-ANS-transfer of body tissues from an immune-compatible(histocompatible) donorallografting:-ANS-transfer of body tissue between two genetically dissimilar individualsAlport's syndrome:-ANS-a progressive chronic glomerulonephritis inherited as an autosomaldominant disorderalternative birthing center:-ANS-a setting for birth separate from a hospitalalternative insemination:-ANS-assistive reproductive technique, in which sperm is deposited into awoman's cervix or uterusamblyopia:-ANS-reduced vision in one eye; ―lazyeye‖amenorrhea:-ANS-absence of a menstrual flowamniocentesis:-ANS-the withdrawal of amniotic fluid from the uterus by means of introduction of aneedle through the abdominal and uterine wallamnioinfusion:-ANS-enlarging the amount of amniotic fluidby administration of normal saline orlactated Ringer's solution intravaginally into the uterusamniotic fluid embolism:-ANS-condition in which amniotic fluid is forced into maternal circulationand travels to the lungs as small emboliamniotic membrane:-ANS-the innermost membrane surrounding the fetus; it secretes amnioticfluidamniotomy:-ANS-artificial rupturing of membranes during labor if they do not rupturespontaneouslyanalgesia:-ANS-a medication that reduces or decreases awareness of painanaphylaxis:-ANS-acute hypersensitivity (type I) reaction characterized by extreme vasodilation thatleads to circulatory shock and extreme bronchoconstriction that decreases the airway lumensandrology:-ANS-the branch of medicine that treats the maleand diseases specific to the male sexanesthesia:-ANS-a medication that causes partial or complete loss of sensationanhedonia:-ANS-inability to remember the last time when a person felt happy or had a good timeankle clonus:-ANS-continued motion ofthe foot

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ankyloglossia:-ANS-an abnormal restriction of the tongue caused by an abnormally tight frenulumanovulation:-ANS-faulty or inadequate release of ovaanoxia:-ANS-lack of oxygen in body cellsanteflexion:-ANS-a uterus that is bent forward just above the cervixanteversion:-ANS-a uterus that is tipped abnormally forward including the cervixanticipatory grief:-ANS-preparatory phase in which people gradually incorporate the reality ofimpending death into their thoughtsantigen:-ANS-any foreign substance (molecule) capable of stimulating an immune responseantiphospholipid antibodies: antibodies that attack phospholipids, often associated with anautoimmune disorderantitoxins:-ANS-antibodies against toxin-producing bacteriaapnea:-ANS-pause in respirations longer than 20 seconds with accompanying bradycardiaapparent life-threatening event (ALTE): an episode in which an infant is cyanotic and limp inbed but survives after mouth-to-mouth resuscitationapposition:-ANS-the amount of end-to-end contact of bone fragmentsappropriate for gestational age (AGA): newborn who falls between the 10th and 90thpercentile of weight for age regardless of gestational ageareola:-ANS-the pigmented circle surrounding the nipplearterial blood gases (ABGs): the amount of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the bloodarthroscopy:-ANS-direct visualization of a joint with a fiberoptic instrumentaspermia:-ANS-absence of spermaspiration:-ANS-inhalation of a foreign object into the airwayaspiration studies:-ANS-studies involving the removal of body fluids by such techniques as lumbarpuncture or bone marrow aspirationassimilation:-ANS-changing a situation or one's perception ofit to fit one's thoughtsastereognosis:-ANS-difficulty identifying objects placed in the hand when the eyes are closedastigmatism:-ANS-congenital or acquired unevenness of the curvature of the corneaatelectasis:-ANS-collapse of alveoliatopic dermatitis:-ANS-an itchy inflammation of the skin, primarily affecting infants; also known asinfantile eczemaatresia:-ANS-complete closure of a body opening

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attachment:-ANS-successful bonding between a woman and her newbornattitude:-ANS-the degree ofhead flexion a fetus assumes during labor, or the relation of the fetalpartsto each otheraudiogram:-ANS-a test to measure hearingaugmentation of labor:-ANS-assisting labor that has started spontaneously to be more effectiveauscultation:-ANS-listening with the aid of a stethoscopeautografting:-ANS-transplantation of tissue from one part of the body to another in the sameindividualautoimmunity:-ANS-an inability to distinguish self from nonself, causing the immune system tocarryout immune responses against normal cells and tissueautologous transplantation:-ANS-transplantation using the person's own previously removed tissueautomatisms:-ANS-complex purposeless movements, such as lip smacking or fumbling handmovementsautonomic dysreflexia:-ANS-a powerful sympathetic reflex reaction that causes signs ofhypertension, tachycardia, flushed face, and severe occipital headacheautonomy:-ANS-independenceautonomy versus shame or doubt:-ANS-developmental task of the toddler; learning to beindependent and make decisions for selfazotemia:-ANS-accumulation of nitrogen waste in the bloodstreamB-ANS-baby-bottle syndrome:-ANS-decay of all the upper teeth and the lower posterior teeth, usually duetoputting an infant to bed with a bottleballoon angioplasty:-ANS-procedure usually by way of cardiac catheterization in which a catheterwith an uninflated balloon at its tip is inserted and passed through the heart into a stenosed valve;as the balloon is inflated, it breaks valve adhesions and may relieve the stenosisballottement:-ANS-the sensation of an object rebounding after being pushed by an examininghand;used for pregnancy diagnosisbariatric surgery:-ANS-weight-control method to reduce overeating by surgically reducing stomach

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sizebarrier method:-ANS-a method of reproductive life planning in which sperm are prevented fromentering the cervixbasal body temperature:-ANS-temperature of the body at restbattledore placenta:-ANS-a placenta with the cord inserted marginally rather than centrallybehavioral therapy:-ANS-a system of rewarding a person for desired behavior and ignoring orpunishing the person forundesired behavior; also called ―behavior modification‖beriberi:-ANS-deficiency of vitamin B1 involving tingling and numbness of extremities, heartpalpitations, and exhaustionbicornuate uterus:-ANS-a uterus that has two fundal horns; it may have an accompanying septumbifidus factor:-ANS-specific growth-promoting factor for the bacteria Lactobacillus bifidus whosepresence in breast milk interferes with colonization of pathogenic bacteria in the gastrointestinaltractbinge eating:-ANS-episodes of uncontrollable intake of large amounts of food over a specifiedperiodof timebinocular vision:-ANS-ability to fuse two images into onebiologic gender:-ANS-a person's chromosomal sexual designation of being male (XY) or female(XX)biopsy:-ANS-surgical removal of tissue cells for laboratory analysisbirthing bed:-ANS-a bed specifically prepared for birthbirthing chair:-ANS-a chair used in labor and birthbirthing room:-ANS-a specifically prepared room for aiding comfort, safety, and conduct of birthblended family:-ANS-a remarried or reconstituted familyblood dyscrasias:-ANS-hematologic disordersbody mass index:-ANS-determination of body weight by comparing height to weight (weightdividedby height squared)bonding:-ANS-successful linking between a woman and her newbornboomerang generation:-ANS-young adults returning home to live with their family after college of afailed relationshipBraxton Hicks contractions:-ANS-painless, erratic uterine contractions that occur toward the end of

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pregnancy; they ready the cervix for labor, but cervical dilation does not occur with thembreech presentation:-ANS-fetal presentation in which either the buttocks or feet are the first bodyparts to contact the cervixbroken fluency:-ANS-repetition and prolongation of sounds, syllables, and wordsbronchoscopy:-ANS-a procedure in which a bronchoscope, a specially designed tube, is passedthrough the nose or mouth to observe the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and alveolibrown fat:-ANS-the special tissue present in newborns to maintain body temperaturebruit:-ANS-a swishing or blowing sound that occurs with turbulent blood flow, such as if there is anoutpouching of the aortabruxism:-ANS-grinding the teeth during sleepC-ANS-calorie counting:-ANS-counting the number of calories that a person ingests in 1 daycaput succedaneum:-ANS-edema of the scalp at the presenting part of the headcardiac catheterization:-ANS-a procedure in which a small radiopaque catheter is passed through amajor vein in the arm, leg, or neck into the heart to secure blood samples or inject dye, toevaluate cardiac functioncardinal movements of labor:-ANS-position changes to keep the smallest diameter of the fetal head(in cephalic presentations) always presenting to the smallest diameter of the birth canal (descent,flexion, internal rotation, extension, external rotation, and expulsion)caries:-ANS-dental cavitiescarpopedal spasm:-ANS-abduction of the hand and flexion of the wrist with the thumb positionedacross the palmcartilage:-ANS-connective tissuecasemanagement nursing:-ANS-one nurse being in charge of a patient's care from admission todischargecatarrhal stage:-ANS-inflammation of the nose and throat during infectious diseasescatatonia:-ANS-immobilitycaudal regression syndrome:-ANS-hypoplasia of the lower extremities occurring primarily in infantsof diabetic motherscavernous hemangioma:-ANS-type of birthmark evidenced as a dilated vascular spacecell-mediated immunity:-ANS-type of immune response due to T-lymphocyte activity

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centering:-ANS-focusing on only one aspect of an object or situationcentral cyanosis:-ANS-cyanosis of the trunkcephalic presentation:-ANS-fetal presentation in which the head is the body part that first contactsthecervixcephalocaudal:-ANS-relating to head and tail; progression of development in a fetus and childcephalohematoma:-ANS-collection of blood under the periosteum of the skull bone caused bypressure at birthcervical cap:-ANS-a latex barrier method of contraception that fits over the uterine cervixcervical cerclage:-ANS-suturing of the cervix to maintain a pregnancy to prevent premature cervicaldilatationcesarean birth:-ANS-birth accomplished throughan incision into the uterusChadwick's sign:-ANS-discolorization of vaginal walls from pink to violetchain of infection:-ANS-method by which organisms are spread and enter a new individual to causediseasechemotaxis:-ANS-―calling‖ leukocytes into the areachemotherapeutic agent:-ANS-one that is capable of destroying malignant cellschief concern:-ANS-the reason the parents or patient has come to the health care agencychloasma:-ANS-extra pigment on the facechoreiform movements:-ANS-aimlessmovementschoreoathetosis:-ANS-rapid, purposeless movementschoreoid:-ANS-irregular and jerking movementschorioamnionitis:-ANS-infection of the fetal membranes and amniotic fluidchorionic membrane:-ANS-the outer fetal membranechorionic villi:-ANS-projections of the trophoblast that produce human chorionic gonadotropin andbegin osmosis of nutrients to the embryochromosome:-ANS-the structure that weaves genes into strands in the nucleus of all body cellschronic pain:-ANS-pain that lasts for a prolonged period of time (often defined as 6 months' time)clarifying:-ANS-repeating statements others have made so that both parties can be certain themeaningis understood

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class inclusion:-ANS-the ability to understand that objects can belong tomore than oneclassificationclassic cesarean incision:-ANS-an incision that is made vertically through both the abdominal skinand the uterusclean-catch urine specimen:-ANS-urine specimen obtained after the urinary meatus has beencleanedcleansingbreath:-ANS-a deep breath taken at the beginning and end of breathing exercises duringlabor that helps prevent hyperventilationcleft lip:-ANS-failure of the maxillary and median nasal processes to fuse normallycleft palate:-ANS-an opening of the palateclient advocacy:-ANS-safeguarding and advancing the interests of clients and their familiesclubbing:-ANS-a change in theangle between the fingernail and nailbed because of increasedcapillary growth in the fingertips; a response to hypoxiacognitive development:-ANS-the acquisition of the ability to think and reasoncognitive learning:-ANS-learning that involves a change in the individual's level of understanding orknowledgecoitus:-ANS-sexual relationscoitus interruptus:-ANS-a method of contraception in which the penis is withdrawn from the vaginabefore ejaculationcolonoscopy:-ANS-a procedure in which a colonoscope, a specially designed tube, is passed throughthe anus to examine the rectum or coloncolostrum:-ANS-a thin, watery, yellow fluid composed of protein, sugar, fat, water, minerals,vitamins, and maternal antibodies that precedes breast milkcomedones:-ANS-the lesions of acne vulgaris; ―blackheads‖communication:-ANS-the exchange of ideas between two or more personscommunity:-ANS-a limited geographic area in which the residents relate to and interact amongthemselvescompartment syndrome:-ANS-phenomenon that can occur when a cast or tight constrictivedressingputs pressure on an enclosed spacecomplement protein:-ANS-a special body protein that is capable of lysing cells; composed of 20different proteins that are normally nonfunctional molecules but become active with the immune

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responsecomplex vocal tics:-ANS-repeated use of words or phrases out of contextcomplicated grief:-ANS-chronic sorrow that arises when one does not arrive at the final stage ofgrief(acceptance)computed tomography (CT):-ANS-x-ray procedure in which many views of an organ or body partare made to represent what the organ would look like if it were cut into thin slicesconditioned reflex:-ANS-a reflex to respond to a specific stimulus developed by trainingcondom:-ANS-a latex barrier method of contraception worn on the penis (a male condom) orinsertedvaginally (a female condom); provides some protection against STIs as wellconduction:-ANS-transfer of body heat to a cooler solid object in contact with the bodycongestive heart failure:-ANS-a condition in which the myocardium of the heart cannot pump andcirculate enough blood to supply oxygen and nutrients to body cellsconjunctivitis:-ANS-commonly called ―pink eye‖ by parents; an infection of the conjunctiva thatcovers the eyeconscious relaxation:-ANS-deliberately relaxing one set of muscles, then another, and another untilthe body is completely relaxedconscious sedation:-ANS-a state of depressed consciousness obtained by IV analgesia therapyconsciously controlled breathing:-ANS-deliberately spaced breathing to achieve a desired rateconservation:-ANS-property of an object when a change in form does not equate to a change in sizeoramountcontraceptive:-ANS-a method or device to prevent the fertilization of the human ovumcontractility:-ANS-the ability of the ventricles to stretch; refers to the force of contractiongeneratedby the myocardialmusclecontrecoup injury:-ANS-an injury resulting from a blow to one side of the skull that causes the brainto rebound and then injure the opposite sideconvalescent period:-ANS-interval between when infectious symptoms begin to fade and thepatientreturns to full wellnessconvection:-ANS-flow of heat from the body surface to cooler surrounding air

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coprolalia:-ANS-use of socially unacceptable words, usually obscenitiescouvade syndrome:-ANS-somatic symptoms experienced by the father during pregnancy simulatingthose of the pregnant motherCouvelaire uterus:-ANS-uteroplacental apoplexy due to blood entering the uterine musculaturecrowning:-ANS-the appearance of the fetal head at the perineum just before birthcryptorchidism:-ANS-failure ofone or both testes to descend from the abdominal cavity to thescrotumculdoscopy:-ANS-the introduction of an endoscope through the posterior vaginal wall to view thepelvic organscultural awareness:-ANS-being aware that we all live and function within a culture of our own andthat our identity is shaped by itcultural competence:-ANS-capacity to work effectively and with people, integrating elements oftheirculture—vocabulary, values, attitudes, rules, and normscultural humility:-ANS-lifelong process of self-reflection and self-critique that begins, not with anassessment of a client's belief, but rather an assessment of your owncultural values:-ANS-preferred ways of acting based on cultural traditionsculture:-ANS-the learned way of life of a community or societyculture specific:-ANS-values, norms, and patterns of behavior unique to one cultureculture universal:-ANS-values, norms, and patterns of behavior shared across almost all culturescutaneous pain:-ANS-pain that arises from superficial structures such as the skin and mucousmembranecyanosis:-ANS-a blue tinge to the skin indicating hypoxiacyanotic heart disease:-ANS-cardiac anomaly when blood is shunted from the venous to the arterialsystem as a result of abnormal communication between the two (deoxygenated blood tooxygenated blood; right-to-left shunt)cystocele:-ANS-a pouching of the bladder into the anterior vaginal wallcytogenetics:-ANS-study of chromosomes by light microscopy and the method by whichchromosomal aberrations are identifiedcytomegalovirus:-ANS-a member of the herpesvirus family; teratogen that can cause extensivedamage to a fetus yet causes few symptoms in the woman

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cytotoxic response:-ANS-cells are detected as foreign and immunoglobulins directly attack anddestroy the cells without harming surrounding tissueD-ANS-death:-ANS-end of life; officially determined by unreceptivity and unresponsivity; no spontaneousmuscular movement or breath; no reflex response; and a flat electroencephalogramdebridement:-ANS-the removal of foreign material from a burn or wounddecentering:-ANS-projecting the self into other peoples' situations and see the world from theirviewpointdecerebrate posturing:-ANS-typical posture occurring when the midbrain isnot functional;characterized by rigid extension and adduction of arms and pronation of the wrists with thefingers flexed; legs extended and the feet plantar flexeddeciduous teeth:-ANS-temporary teeth that are replaced by permanent teeth at around age6 to 7yearsdecorticate posturing:-ANS-posture with arms abducted and flexed on the chest with wrists flexed,hands fisted; lower extremities extended and internally rotated; feet plantar flexed; denotesbrainstem involvementdeep tendon reflexes:-ANS-neurologic reflexes such as triceps, biceps, patellar, and Achilles reflexesdeep vein thrombosis (DVT):-ANS-formation of thrombus (blood clot) in the deep veins secondarytostasis, vessel damage, and hypercoagulationdeferred imitation:-ANS-abilityto remember an action and imitate it laterdehiscence:-ANS-the separation of a muscle or surgical incisiondehydration:-ANS-an excessive loss of body waterdelayed hypersensitivity:-ANS-T-lymphocyte activity occurring solely without an accompanyinghumoral responsedemonstration:-ANS-the showing of a procedure to stimulate learningdermatoglyphics: the study of surface markings of the skindevelopment:-ANS-an increase in ability (a qualitative change)developmental care:-ANS-care designed to meet the specific needs of each infantdevelopmental hip dysplasia:-ANS-(often referred to as congenital hip dysplasia) improperformation and function of the hip socketdevelopmental milestone:-ANS-major marker of normal development

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developmental task:-ANS-a skill or a growth responsibility arising at a particular time, the successfulachievement of which will provide a foundation for the accomplishment of future tasksdiagonal conjugate:-ANS-distance between the anterior surface of the sacral prominence and theanterior surface of the inferior margin of the symphysis pubisdialysis:-ANS-separation and removal of solutes from body fluid by diffusion through asemipermeable membranediaphragm:-ANS-a mechanical barrier contraceptive device fitted over the cervix in the womandiaphragmatic excursion:-ANS-distance the diaphragm moves as measured from inspiration toexpirationdiaphysis:-ANS-central shaft of a long bonediastasis:-ANS-overstretching and separation of the rectus musclediastole:-ANS-relaxation of the heart chambersdilatation:-ANS-widening of the opening of the cervix in labordiplegia:-ANS-(paraplegia); paralysis of the lower extremitiesdiplopia:-ANS-double visiondirect care:-ANS-a nurse remains in continual attendance or visits frequently and actuallyadministerscarediscipline:-ANS-setting rules so people know what is expecteddiscrimination:-ANS-action of treating people differently based on their physical or cultural traitsdistraction:-ANS-(a) a technique that allows the cells of the brainstem that register an impulse aspainto be preoccupied with other stimuli so the pain impulse cannot register; (b) use of an externaldevice to separate opposing bones, thus encouraging new bone growthdistribution:-ANS-movement of a drug through the bloodstream to the specific site of actiondiversity:-ANS-a mixture or variety of lifestyles and beliefs in a populationdoula:-ANS-a person without professional experience who guides and assists a woman in labordrowning:-ANS-asphyxiation because of submersion in a liquiddysfunctional labor:-ANS-previously termed inertia; occurrence of sluggishness of contractions, orthe force of labordyskinetic:-ANS-disordered muscle tonedyslexia:-ANS-reading impairment disorder in which letters or words are reversed

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