Exploring NHST, Statistical Significance, and Research Methodologies
Solved assignment discussing NHST, statistical significance, and research methodologies.
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NHST
1. What does p = .05 mean? What are some misconceptions about the meaning of p =.05? Why are
they wrong? Should all research adhere to the p = .05 standard for significance? Why or why
not?
Answer:
p = 0.05 means signifance level of the given sample size. P= 0.05 is a threshold given by fisher
used to check the significance or non-significance of a sample size. Fisher does not explain the
0.05 clearly like from where it came what are the concepts behind the value of p. So people will
remain in confusion about the choice of the value of 0.05. But it was assumed that 0.05 is just an
arbitrary number fisher assumed which is used to check the significance level. No it is not
necessary to adhere all research to the value 0.05 as it is not proved its origin hence we can make
some other arbitrary constant for the same with proper reasoning.
2. Compare and contrast the concepts of effect size and statistical significance.
Answer:
Effect size is a simple way of quantifying the difference between two groups that has many
advantages over the use of tests of statistical significance alone. Effect size emphasizes the size
of the difference rather than confounding this with sample size. If effect size comes under the
purview of 0.05 then it is said to be significant and acceptable but it is goes beyond the purview
of 0.05 then the effect size or the sample size is said to be non-significant.
3. What is the difference between a statistically significant result and a clinically or “real world”
significant result? Give examples of both.
1. What does p = .05 mean? What are some misconceptions about the meaning of p =.05? Why are
they wrong? Should all research adhere to the p = .05 standard for significance? Why or why
not?
Answer:
p = 0.05 means signifance level of the given sample size. P= 0.05 is a threshold given by fisher
used to check the significance or non-significance of a sample size. Fisher does not explain the
0.05 clearly like from where it came what are the concepts behind the value of p. So people will
remain in confusion about the choice of the value of 0.05. But it was assumed that 0.05 is just an
arbitrary number fisher assumed which is used to check the significance level. No it is not
necessary to adhere all research to the value 0.05 as it is not proved its origin hence we can make
some other arbitrary constant for the same with proper reasoning.
2. Compare and contrast the concepts of effect size and statistical significance.
Answer:
Effect size is a simple way of quantifying the difference between two groups that has many
advantages over the use of tests of statistical significance alone. Effect size emphasizes the size
of the difference rather than confounding this with sample size. If effect size comes under the
purview of 0.05 then it is said to be significant and acceptable but it is goes beyond the purview
of 0.05 then the effect size or the sample size is said to be non-significant.
3. What is the difference between a statistically significant result and a clinically or “real world”
significant result? Give examples of both.
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Subject
Statistics