FSOT Flashcard Study System: FSOT Exam Practice Questions and Review (2020)

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Communication – Speaking and Listening© Mometrix Media - flashcardsecrets.com/fsotFSOTDescribe the basic goals of public speaking.

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Communication – Speaking and ListeningFor most people, the obvious goals of public speaking are politicalvictories and support for social movements. Both are common motives ofpublic speech, but they are not the only recognized intention of publiccommunication. Public speech is often used to define an individual or acommunity. For instance, people may use speeches to describe particularattributes of themselves or of the group to which they belong. Peoplealso use speeches simply to disseminate information. Speeches can beused to inspire other people to action. Famous addresses like the "I Havea Dream" speech of Martin Luther King, Jr. exemplify this kind of speech.Finally, public speaking can be used to introduce arguments and todebate controversial questions in a community. The presidential debatesbefore the general election are a good example of this.

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Communication – Speaking and Listening© Mometrix Media - flashcardsecrets.com/fsotFSOTDescribe how public speaking is a transaction.

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Communication – Speaking and ListeningSpeech communication instructors often refer to public speaking as a“transaction,” or a way of indicating the important active roles of boththe speaker and audience. Too often, people consider speech-giving as aprocess in which one person actively provides information while anothergroup of people passively receives information. Instead, the ideal publicspeaking relationship is one in which the speaker presents a messageand the audience presents feedback. Even when the audience is not givenan opportunity to speak, they provide feedback in the form of attentionor inattention. By referring to public speaking as a transaction,instructors emphasize the roles and responsibilities of both speaker andaudience. In general, speech communication instructors would define atransaction as any communication in which information passes fromspeaker to listener and vice versa.

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Communication – Speaking and Listening© Mometrix Media - flashcardsecrets.com/fsotFSOTDiscuss the functions of pauses in vocal delivery.

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Communication – Speaking and ListeningHuman speech is not just a constant stream of syllables. The placementand use of pauses during speech also plays an important role in formingmeaning. The study of pauses in human speech is a subcategory ofparalinguistics. A short pause is often used to denote the end of asentence or clause. In many ways, short pauses are used like commas.Long pauses, on the other hand, are more similar to periods or the endsof paragraphs. When a speaker takes a long pause, he or she may beallowing what has been said to sink into the minds of the audience.Individuals often pause as they search for the right word. Other times,individuals will insert a slight pause into a sentence to create a level ofsuspense before the thought is finished.

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Communication – Speaking and Listening© Mometrix Media - flashcardsecrets.com/fsotFSOTDiscuss the reasons for studying public speaking.

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Communication – Speaking and ListeningThere are a number of reasons for studying public speaking, but the mostcommonly cited are social, intellectual, and consumer motives. Peopleneed to learn to speak in public in order to function in society and tomanage relationships, administrate social events, and minimize conflict.Intellectually, a study of public speaking gives insight into humanthought, ethics, and persuasion. Public speeches can generate emotionsand ideas in listeners as well as influence their existing thoughts andfeelings. It is also important to study public speaking not only to improveone’s own speaking skills, but to improve one’s ability to analyze andinterpret the speeches of others.

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Communication – Speaking and Listening© Mometrix Media - flashcardsecrets.com/fsotFSOTDescribe how nonverbal communication can act as feedback.

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Communication – Speaking and ListeningAlthough nonverbal communication is typically thought of assupplementary to the words being spoken during a communicationevent, it can also serve a vital purpose as feedback. The gestures, eyemovements, facial expressions, and posture of the audience oftenindicates their level of engagement more accurately and honestly thanverbal criticism. It is very difficult to hide extreme boredom or raptattention. The nonverbal communication of the audience will indicatetheir level of interest and acceptance of the message of the speaker. Thespeaker can then adjust his or her message accordingly.

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Communication – Speaking and Listening© Mometrix Media - flashcardsecrets.com/fsotFSOTDescribe how nonverbal communication can enhance spokenwords.

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Communication – Speaking and ListeningNonverbal communication is the ability to enhance or elaborate on thewords of the speaker. In particular, hand gestures and changes in vocalrhythm and volume have the ability to add expressiveness to what isbeing said. Many times, the gestures and vocal mechanisms of thespeaker simply emphasize his or her message; at other times, however,the speaker may detract from or undermine his or her message withcontradictory gestures. Hand gestures and gesticulations have the abilityto dramatize a communication event. By giving the audience things otherthan words to concentrate on, the speaker engages and entertains them.

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Communication – Speaking and Listening© Mometrix Media - flashcardsecrets.com/fsotFSOTDescribe how nonverbal communication can createcontradictory communications.

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Communication – Speaking and ListeningSometimes, a speaker’s nonverbal communication is contradictory to thewords he or she is speaking. This can often create confusion and conflict.For instance, imagine a person is in distress. In some cultures, it is notconsidered dignified to ask another person for help, even in emergencysituations. So a person in dire need of assistance might be saying he orshe does not need help, even though observation of nonverbal signs saysotherwise. Obviously, this will create conflict in the mind of the audience,who will want to obey the wishes of the person but will also want to lendassistance to a person in need. When an individual directly contradictshis or her words with his or her nonverbal communication, it becomesmuch more difficult for the communication message to be interpreted.

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