Japanese Sentence Patterns for JLPT N1 : Training Book Vol.1 (2019)

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JapaneseSentencePatternsTraining Bookfor JLPT N1Noboru Akuzawa

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Table of Contents■Preface■Learning Methods / how to tap into this bookあえて(aete) "deliberately"あくまでも(akumade mo) "absolutely"案の定(an no jou): just as one thoughtあらかじめ(arakajime): beforehand, in advanceばこそ(ba koso): only because場合によっては(baai ni yotte wa): depending on the situationあっての(atte no): to owe everything toばそれまでだ(ba sore made da): if… then it’s overべからず(bekarazu): must not, should notべく(beku): in order to, shouldべくもない(beku mo nai): can’tびる(biru): seeming to beぶり(buri): style, mannerぶる(buru): behaving likeだに(dani): evenだの～だの(dano~dano): and, and so forthであれ～であれ(de are~de are): whether A or Bであれ/であろうと(de aru/de arou to): whoever/whatever/howeverでも何でもない(demo nan demo nai): not in the leastでなくてなんだろう(denakute nan darou): must be, is definitely(で)すら(de sura): evenではあるまいか(dewa aru mai ka): I wonder if it’s notではあるまいし(dewa aru mai shi): it’s not like, it isn’t as ifではすまない(dewa sumanai): it doesn’t end with justどうにも～ない(dou nimo~nai): not … by any meansふと(futo): accidentally, unexpectedlyがてら(gatera): on the same occasion

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が早いか(ga hayai ka): as soon asが最後(ga saigo): once something occurs, something else happensごとき/ごとく(gotoki/gotoku): like, as ifぐるみ(gurumi): together with, all of羽目になる(hame ni naru): to end up with (something unpleasant)ひとつ(hitotsu): to give something a tryほどのことはない(hodo no koto wa nai): not worth, no need toほかに～ない(hoka ni~nai): no otherほうがましだ(hou ga mashi da): I would ratherいかなる(ikanaru): any kind ofいかんでは/いかんによっては(ikan dewa/ikan ni yotte wa): depending onいかんによらず(ikan ni yorazu): regardless ofいかにも(ikanimo): indeed, reallyいかに(ikani):howいまだに(ima da ni): still, even nowいずれにせよ(izure nise yo): at any rate, in any caseじみた(jimita): to look like限りだ(kagiri da): I feel soかいもなく(kai mo naku): even thoughか否か(ka ina ka): whether or not可能性がある(kanousei ga aru): there’s a possibilityからある(kara aru): as much as, as many asかれ～かれ(kare~kare): orかたがた(katagata): while, for the purpose ofかたわら(katawara): while, at the same timeかつて(katsute): once, beforeきっての(kitte no): the most … of all嫌いがある(kirai ga aru): to have a tendency toきりがない(kiri ga nai): there’s no end to極まる/極まりない(kiwamaru/kiwamarinai): extremely

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極めて(kiwamete): extremely, exceedinglyことだし(koto dashi): because, sinceことごとく(koto gotoku): altogether, entirelyことなしに(koto nashi ni): without doing somethingことのないよう(koto no nai you): so as not toこととて(kototote): because, sinceくらいなら(kurai nara): rather thanくらいのものだ(kurai no mono da): onlyまでだ(made da): onlyまでもない(made mo nai): it’s not necessary toまじき(majiki): should not, must notままに(mama ni): to do asまみれ(mamire): to be covered inまるっきり(marukkiri): totally, completelyもはや(mohaya): already, no longerめく(meku): to show signs ofも顧みず/を顧みず(mo kaerimizu/o kaerimizu): regardless of, despiteもしないで(mo shinaide): without even doingものを(mono o): I wish, if onlyもので(mono de): because, for that reasonものと思われる(mono to omowareru): to think, to supposeものとして(mono toshite): to assume, to supposeもさることながら(mo saru koto nagara): not only… but alsoもしくは(moshikuwa): or, otherwiseながらに/ながらの(nagara ni/nagara no): while, duringないではおかない/ずにはおかない(nai dewa okanai/zu niwa okanai): will definitely, cannot notないではすまない/ずにはすまない(nai dewa sumanai/zu niwa sumanai): mustないまでも(nai made mo): even if something isn’t doneないものか(nai mono ka): can’t we…?, can’t I…?ないものでもない(nai mono demo nai): (something) is not entirely impossible

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ないとも限らない(nai tomo kagiranai): mightなくして(nakushite): without何しろ(nani shiro): in any case, as you knowなしに(nashi ni): withoutならでは(nara dewa): uniquely applying toならいざしらず(nara iza shirazu): I don’t know about A, but Bなり(nari): as soon asなり～なり(nari~nari): orなりに/なりの(nari ni/nari no): in one’s own way or styleなりとも(naritomo): even a little, at leastに値する(ni atai suru): to be worth, to deserveなるべく(narubeku): as much as possibleにあたらない(ni ataranai): it’s not worth, there’s no need toにあって(ni atte): at, during, in the condition ofにひきかえ(ni hikikae): in contrast toに至るまで(ni itaru made): until, as far asに至っては(ni itatte wa): as for, when it comes toに言わせれば(ni iwasereba): if you ask, if one may sayにかかっている(ni kakatte iru): to depend onにかたくない(ni katakunai): it’s not hard toにまつわる(ni matsuwaru): to be related toにもほどがある(nimo hodo ga aru): to have a limit, to go too farにもまして(ni momashite): more than, aboveに則って(ni nottotte): in accordance withに先駆けて(ni saki gakete): to be the firstにしたって(ni shitatte): even, even ifにして(ni shite): only, in (time span)に即して(ni sokushite): in keeping withにたえる/にたえない(ni taeru/ni taenai): can/can’t do somethingに足る/に足りる(ni taru/ni tariru): to be enough, to be worthy of

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に足りない(ni tarinai): to be not worthに照らして(ni terashite): in comparison with, according toにとどまらず(ni todomarazu): not limited toには及ばない(niwa oyobanai): there’s no need toによらず(ni yorazu): regardless ofんばかりに(n bakari ni): as if, as thoughんがため(n ga tame): in order toの至り(no itari): utmostの極み(no kiwami): utmostのみか(nomika): not only… but alsoのなんのって(no nan no tte): extremelyを踏まえて(o fumaete): based onを経て(o hete): through, after, viaをいいことに(o ii koto ni): to take advantage ofを限りに(o kagiri ni): starting fromを兼ねて(o kanete): also for the purpose ofを皮切りに(o kawakiri ni): starting withを機に(o ki ni): as an opportunity toを禁じえない(o kinjienai): can’t help butをものともせず(o monotomo sezu): in defiance ofをもって(o motte) – 1: by means ofをもって(o motte) – 2: at the timeをおいて(o oite): other than, withoutを余儀なくされる(o yogi naku sareru): to be forced to do somethingをよそに(o yoso ni): despite折に(ori ni): when, on the occasion思いをする(omoi o suru): to feelおよそ(oyoso): totally, (not) at allさもないと(samonaito): otherwise, else, if not soさぞ(sazo): I’m sure, I’m certain

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始末だ(shimatsu da): end up, in the endそばから(soba kara): as soon asさも(samo): truly, reallyそれなりに(sore nari ni): as it is, in its own wayそうにもない(sou nimo nai): impossible, unlikelyただ～のみだ(tada~nomi da): can do nothing butた拍子に(ta hyoushi ni): the instantためしがない(tameshi ga nai): (something) is never the caseたりとも(taritomo): (not) even, (not) anyた瞬間に(ta shunkan ni): the momentてっきり(tekkiri): surely, certainlyてからというもの(te kara to iu mono): after, sinceてかなわない(te kanawanai): can’t stand, unable toてまで(te made): evenてみせる(te miseru): I’ll definitelyてもどうにもならない(temo dou nimo naranai): it’s no useても始まらない(temo hajimaranai): it’s no useても差し支えない(temo sashitsukaenai): can, it’s okay if【JLPT N1★ってば(tteba): I said, I told you to】てしかるべきだ(te shikaru beki da): shouldてやまない(te yamanai): always, never stopと相まって(to aimatte): together withとあれば(to areba): if, if it’s the case thatとあって(to atte): because ofとばかりに(to bakari ni): as if, as thoughといえども(to ie domo): even, even thoughといい～といい(to ii~to ii): and, orといったらない(to ittara nai): very, extremelyという(to iu): all, everyというか(to iu ka): or, or more precisely

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というところだ/といったところだ(to iu tokoro da/to itta tokoro da): approximately, aboutというか～というか(to iu ka~to iu ka): (I’m not sure if it’s) A or Bというもの(to iu mono): during a period of timeというわけだ(to iu wake da): this meansというわけではない(to iu wake dewa nai): it’s not that, it doesn’t mean thatときたら(tokitara): when it comes to, concerningといわず(to iwazu): not just, bothときている(to kite iru): becauseところがある(tokoro ga aru): there isところから(tokoro kara): from the fact thatとみられる(to mirareru): to be regarded as, to be expected toとみるや(to miru ya): at the sight of, upon seeingともなく(tomonaku): to do something without thinking about itとなると/となれば(tomo naru to/tomo nareba): when, once (something happensともすれば(tomo sureba): apt to, prone toと思いきや(to omoikiya)とりわけ(toriwake): especiallyとされる(to sareru): is consideredとっさに(tossa ni): at once, right awayとしたって/としたところで(to shitatte/to shita tokoro de): even ifとして～ない(toshite~nai): not even oneとて(tote): even if, even thoughとても～ない(totemo~nai): cannot possiblyとは(towa): [indicates word or phrase being defined]とはいえ(towaie): nonetheless, althoughとはいうものの(towa iu mono no): having said that, be that as it mayつ～つ(tsu~tsu): [indicates two contrasting actions]はおろか(wa oroka): let alone, not to mentionはさておき(wa sateoki): setting asideや否や(ya ina ya): the moment that, as soon as

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やしない(yashinai): not (emphatic negative)(よ)うが/(よ)うと(you ga/you to): no matter how/what(よ)うが～まいが/(よ)うと～まいと(you ga~mai ga/you to~mai to): whether or not(よ)うか～まいか(you ka~mai ka): whether or not(よ)うものなら(you mono nara): if one chooses to(よ)うにも～ない(you nimo~nai): even if one tries to do something, it can’t be doneようによっては(you ni yotte wa): depending onゆえに(yue ni): therefore, consequentlyざる(zaru): not, -unずじまい(zu jimai): neverずくめ(zukume): entirely, completelyずとも(zu tomo): even without doing■A simple way to build vocabulary in a foreign language through the Read-Aloud Method■On line Japanese Lesson■Send Us Your Feedback

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■PrefaceLearning a language is a long journey. Are you heading ahead on the right path? If you take the wrong way, youwill not achieve your goal and your time and effort spent on will be in vain.In myself, I had a hard time to communicate in a foreign language at the beginning. I felt frustrated andhelpless.However, I finally discovered a quite effective learning approach. Thanks to making efforts through thisapproach, now I can write, listen, speak, and enjoy communication in a foreign language.By my experience of practicing this approach for more than ten years, I am convinced that this is one of the mosteffective learning approaches for any language learners. I share my learning methods with you as much as I can.Also, I share my unique learning material on my website.One of the most important methods I will share is Sentence Pattern Method (SPM). Sentence Pattern Method isthe sentence template that contains constants and variables. This is similar to the mathematical formula.Also, I will tell you how to utilize “Read-aloud Method” to print sentence patterns in your memory and to openthe door to boost your Japanese communications skills.

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■Learning Methods / how to tap into this bookI have 2 learning methods which I recommend to you.①Sentence Pattern Method (to install grammar rules in your brain)②Read-aloud Method (to strengthen your memory)1.Sentence Pattern MethodIf you have Genki or any textbook, you will eventually come to the conclusion that while they get you started,you are still lacking skills in that language. So what can you do? Let’s try the Sentence Pattern approach!When you find some Japanese expressions which you want to acquire, I recommend you to collect severalJapanese sentences (around 5 to 7) which have the common structure. Additionally, if you prepare an English(oryour mother tongue) translation of the sentences, that would be great.It is good for you to understand simple formulas for sentences. After understanding and practicing these patternsand you can stick words in... and create your own sentences!You can see an example of the following:日本語/にほんご/ Japanese(1)地下鉄はどこにありますか？(2)トイレはどこにありますか。

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(3)博物館はどこにありますか。(4)渋谷駅はどこにありますか。(5)郵便局はどこにありますか。英語/えいご/ English(1)Where can I find the subway?(2)Where can I find the bathroom?(3)Where can I find the museum?(4)Where can I find the Shibuya station?(5)Where can I find the post office?ひらがな/ Hiragana(1)ちかてつはどこにありますか？(2)といれはどこにありますか。(3)はくぶつかんはどこにありますか。(4)しぶやえきはどこにありますか。(5)ゆうびんきょくはどこにありますか。ローマ字/ Roman letters(1)Chikatetsu wa dokoniari masuka?(2)Toire wa dokoni ari masuka?(3)Hakubutsukan wa dokoni ari masuka?(4)Shibuya eki wa dokoni ari masuka?(5)Yuubinkyoku wa dokoni ari masuka?After checking them out, it would not difficult for you to find a common pattern among them. Now you canmake your own sentence by switching the first noun in the sentence. That’s quite simple, isn’t it?After learning sentence patterns, you can create a variety of sentences and not to be limited to one or twopatterns each time you speak or write.Also, you can more easily correct sentences because you’ll know how sentences are built. You’ll understand theparts of a clause and how they fit together.However, I have to admit that knowing sentence patterns is not enough. We need to practice to help set themmore firmly in our memory. So, I am going to tell you another method.2.Read-aloud MethodTo tattoo these expressions in your brain, I recommend you to read a group of sentences out loud60 times intotal( I do it at least 80 times).To begin with, you can focus on reading only Japanese sentences out loud toremember them 4 times.Also, don’t forget to take a note about how many times you read. This is very important!

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After reading Japanese sentences out loud twice, please take a look at English sentences and check whether youcan translate them into Japanese correctly or you can’t.This is not only a self-checking process but also an important process that helps you clarify the meaning ofJapanese words, expressions, and sentence patterns in your brain.If you can’t do it well, please don’t worry about it. Let’s read the Japanese sentences out loud twice again.This is a basic routine of the Read-Aloud Method. I recommend you to practice this basic routine three times aday.At the second time of the routine, you will check whether you can translate the English sentences into Japanesesentences again. I’m sure you can do better than you did last time.At the third time, you would be more accurate than before.So, you read a group of sentences out loud 15 times a day.This is the basic routine I have practiced once a day ( though English and Japanese are opposite in my case…)It takes only 5 or 10 minutes a day.I recommend you to read a group of Japanese sentences with common structure out loud 60 times in total.So,you will basically master one sentence pattern in 4 days.

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After that, you would feel that it is difficult for you to forget the sentence pattern you read out loud. In addition,when you speak to Japanese speakers, your brain would try to get opportunities to use it in actual conversations.Please let your brain allow to make conversation with the sentence pattern you mastered!I believe this method helps you boost your communication skills in Japanese!

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