PSYC387 Psychology Final Exam With Answers (102 Solved Questions)

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PSYC 387 Final Prep Athabasca University4.2 (6 reviews)Students also viewedTerms in this set (281)Psychology 387 - Learning (Athabas95 terms...ArtsieBiePreviewAnimal Characteristics and Evolutio23 terms...Ava_Zantiotis9Previewlecture 731 termsWho originally said thatchange is the onlyconstant?Roman philosopher Lucretius 2,000 years agoWhen was Darwins Originof Species written?18591 of 17

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Describe Darwin's theoryof natural selection.There is, he argued, tremendous variation amongthe members of any given species.Some of these variations are well suited to currentconditions; others are not. Individuals withfavorable variations are more likely to survive andreproduce, so succeeding generations are morelikely to show helpful characteristics. Thus,features that contribute to survival are "selected"by the environment, a process Darwin callednatural selection.Was Darwin aware of thegenetic basis for evolutionby natural selection?noWho was the first personto understand the role ofgenetics?Gregor Mendel (father of genetics) published hiswork in 1866.Although Darwin did notunderstand the geneticbasis for evolution, he wasaware that _____ (2 things)variation within a species was commonselective breeding of farm animals with a specificvariation often resulted in offspring with thatcharacteristic.What did Dawkin's pebblybeach analogy illustrateabout natural selection?pebbles arrange themselves based on the flow ofwater and density and size of the rocks.Intelligent direction isn't required. Theenvironment "selects" desirable characteristics andspurns undesirable ones.What are mutations?Abrupt changes in genes.What can cause amutation?Can be caused by exposure to radiation andcertain chemicals and perhaps by viral infections.2 of 17

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In what case will mutationbe passed on to the nextgeneration?when mutations occur in genes of reproductivecells (sperm or ova)Can mutations occur inany cell of the body?yesWill offspring with mutatedgenes necessarily displaythe mutation?noAre mutations alwaysdetrimental to survival?Many of these changes are simply of noconsequence, one way or the otherOccasionally can be useful to survival. (new hornmutation useful for defense)What is a reflex?A reflex is a relationship between a specific eventand a simple response to that event. A reflex is arelationship between certain kinds of events.Give an example of areflex.Food in the mouth elicits the salivary reflex, theflow of saliva that begins the process of digestion.What is reflex failure?When can it occur?Reflex failure is when a reflex fails to functionproperly.This can happen as a result of:-allergic reaction to medication-injury or disease.-excessive alcohol or other drugs that depress thecentral nervous system.Reflexes are highly ___________stereotypicthat is, they are remarkably consistent in form,frequency, strength, and time of appearanceduring development.3 of 17

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What is sensitization? Givean example.Eliciting a reflex response can increase theintensity or probability of the response to stimuli.Hearing a loud noise that makes you jump canmake you more sensitive to noises that arent asloud.What happened whenKelly Powell and StephenHoltzman (2001) gave ratsmorphine for one to fourdays and then tested theirreaction to the drug aftera period of abstinence?The rats showed an increased response tomorphine (i.e., sensitization) for up to threemonths after their last dose.What is habituation? Givean example.Repeatedly evoking a given reflex response willresult in a reduction in the intensity or probabilityof the response.Cats slowly become used to a loud noise whenexposed to it multiple times.Define a FAP. Give anexample.A series of interrelated acts found in all or nearlyall members of a species.When confronted by a threatening dog, the housecat arches its back, hisses, growls, and flicks itstail. These acts make the cat appear larger andmore formidable than it really is and may thereforeserve to put off an attacker.What were FAP called inthe past?InstinctsWhat is a releaser?An event that triggers a fixed action pattern.red is a releaser for the stickleback fish.4 of 17

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What did Wilson claimwere humans FAP?Biophelia and aversion to incestDefine a general behaviortrait.Include activity level, aggression, introversion,anxiety, hoarding (of food, for example), andsexual practices, among others. Some behaviortraits are strongly influenced by genes.How do FAPs andbehavior traits differ?FAP are elicited by fairly specific events (releasers).Behavior traits occur in a wide variety of situations.Do behavior traits have agenetic influence?yes even though they are more variable. Dog liketraits in foxes were bred through a number ofgenerations.Define learning.Learning is a change in behavior due toexperience.Learning is a product of natural selection.evolved modifiabilityLearning does not give the species the tendency tobehave a certain way in a new situation; rather, itgives the individual the tendency to modify itsbehavior to suit that situation.Russell's views abouthuman superiority overother species.One by one, the characteristics that we have heldto be uniquely human have been found in otherspecies.Perhaps the only uniquely human characteristic isthis: So far as we know, we are the only creaturethat spends time trying to prove its superiorityover other creatures.5 of 17

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